Inhibitory Effects of Aucklandia lappa Decne. Extract on Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses in LPS-Treated Macrophages
by
Jae Sung Lim 1,2,†, Sung Ho Lee 3,†
, Sang Rok Lee 4, Hyung-Ju Lim 2,5, Yoon-Seok Roh 6, Eun Jeong Won 7, Namki Cho 8, Changju Chun 8,* and Young-Chang Cho 8,*
Jae Sung Lim 1,2,†, Sung Ho Lee 3,†, Sang Rok Lee 4, Hyung-Ju Lim 2,5, Yoon-Seok Roh 6, Eun Jeong Won 7, Namki Cho 8, Changju Chun 8,* and Young-Chang Cho 8,*
1
Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeonnam-do 58128, Korea
2
Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy Medical Research Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeonnam-do 58128, Korea
3
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
4
ROK-Biotech, Jeollanamdo Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do 58141, Korea
5
Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeonnam-do 58128, Korea
6
College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
7
Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeonnam-do 58128, Korea
8
College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this paper.
Academic Editors: Raffaele Capasso and Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
Molecules 2020, 25(6), 1336; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061336
Received: 22 February 2020 / Revised: 13 March 2020 / Accepted: 13 March 2020 / Published: 15 March 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Extracts: Biological and Pharmacological Activity)
Aucklandia lappa Decne., known as “Mok-hyang” in Korea, has been used for the alleviation of abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and stress gastric ulcers in traditional oriental medicine. We investigated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of the ethanol extract of Aucklandia lappa Decne. (ALDE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. ALDE significantly inhibited the LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in RAW 264.7 cells. The production of other proinflammatory mediators, including COX-2, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, was reduced by ALDE in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of ALDE was elucidated to be the suppression of LPS-induced nuclear translocation of p65, followed by the degradation of IκB and the inhibition of the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). In addition, ALDE showed enhanced radical scavenging activity. The antioxidant effect of ALDE was caused by the enhanced expression of heme oxygenase (HO-1) via stabilization of the expression of the nuclear transcription factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Collectively, these results indicated that ALDE not only exerts anti-inflammatory effects via the suppression of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways but also has an antioxidative effect through the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Keywords:
Aucklandia lappa Decne. extract; lipopolysaccharide; nitric oxide; inducible nitric oxide; cyclooxygenase-2; nuclear factor-κB; mitogen-activated protein kinase; heme oxygenase-1; macrophage
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MDPI and ACS Style
Lim, J.S.; Lee, S.H.; Lee, S.R.; Lim, H.-J.; Roh, Y.-S.; Won, E.J.; Cho, N.; Chun, C.; Cho, Y.-C. Inhibitory Effects of Aucklandia lappa Decne. Extract on Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses in LPS-Treated Macrophages. Molecules 2020, 25, 1336.
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