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Novel Insights into Porcine Viral Diseases: Recombinant Strains and Immune...
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Novel Insights into Porcine Viral Diseases: Recombinant Strains and Immune Responses

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Viruses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 3159

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Kegong Tian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
Interests: veterinary vaccines; veterinary diagnostics; veterinary immunity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Xiangdong Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
Interests: veterinary viruses; pathogenesis; vaccine and diagnostics; swine viral diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Porcine viral diseases have posed a huge economic loss to the swine industry in China. Many important porcine viral pathogens, including African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), and Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV), have undergone genetic variations to escape host immunity.

The aim of this Special Issue is to offer a dedicated opportunity for collecting the newest contributions in the field of porcine viral pathogens which have undergone mutations, providing new insights and addressing research on unresolved issues. Porcine virus evolution, mutation and recombination, pathogenicity to pigs, escape from host immunity, and the efficacy of vaccines are just selection of topics relevant to research in the field, which can be contributed to this Special Issue. All researchers working in the field are cordially invited to contribute original research papers or propose reviews to this Special Issue of Viruses.

Prof. Dr. Kegong Tian
Prof. Dr. Xiangdong Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • porcine viral diseases
  • epidemiology
  • pathogenesis
  • recombination
  • immune responses

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 3670 KB  
Article
SFV Replicon Vector Harbouring Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus Immunogens Delivered by Attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium Induces PEDV Neutralising Antibodies and Lactogenic Immunogenicity in BALB/c Mice
by Chamith Hewawaduge, Ji-Young Park, Jaime C. Cabarles, Jr., Gayeon Won and John Hwa Lee
Viruses 2026, 18(3), 375; https://doi.org/10.3390/v18030375 - 17 Mar 2026
Viewed by 612
Abstract
Background: Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious pathogen causing severe diarrhoea and high mortality in neonatal piglets. Methods: In this study, consensus sequences encoding the N-terminal domain of spike subunit 1 (S1-NTD) and nucleocapsid (N) protein of PEDV were cloned [...] Read more.
Background: Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious pathogen causing severe diarrhoea and high mortality in neonatal piglets. Methods: In this study, consensus sequences encoding the N-terminal domain of spike subunit 1 (S1-NTD) and nucleocapsid (N) protein of PEDV were cloned into a eukaryotic expression vector pJHL204 and transformed into an attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium strain JOL2500. Antigen expression was confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. The recombinant strains were evaluated in vivo for safety, persistence, and immunogenicity. Immunogenicity was characterised by measuring antibody response, virus neutralising assays, cytokine profiling, and flow cytometric analysis of T cell subpopulation. Protective efficacy against salmonellosis in dams and passive transfer of neutralising antibodies to suckling mice were evaluated. Results: Vaccinated mice exhibited no adverse effects or bacterial persistence in major organs, confirming the vaccine’s safety. Immunisation elicited robust PEDV- and Salmonella-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Upon Salmonella challenge, vaccinated mice showed significantly reduced bacterial loads in splenic tissues. Furthermore, vaccinated dams and their offspring induced detectable anti-PEDV neutralising antibodies, indicating successful passive antibody transfer. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the designed vaccine constructs provide a promising platform for inducing multifaceted immuno-protectivity against PEDV and salmonellosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insights into Porcine Viral Diseases: Recombinant Strains and Immune Responses)
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13 pages, 2792 KB  
Article
Molecular Epidemiological Investigation and Genetic Evolution Analysis of Porcine Circovirus 3 in Hunan Province, China, from 2021 to 2024
by Yirun Tai, Xiaoming Tang, Jie Fan, Ke Liu, Wenwu Pan, Guoying Sun, Yanli Zhu, Ping Chen, Wenlong Zhao, Zhongxin Fan and Meng Ge
Viruses 2026, 18(2), 159; https://doi.org/10.3390/v18020159 - 24 Jan 2026
Viewed by 704
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3), first reported in 2016, is associated with diverse clinical conditions, including porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, reproductive disorders, and systemic inflammation, and affects pigs of all ages. To investigate the prevalence and genetic evolution of PCV3 in Hunan Province, [...] Read more.
Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3), first reported in 2016, is associated with diverse clinical conditions, including porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, reproductive disorders, and systemic inflammation, and affects pigs of all ages. To investigate the prevalence and genetic evolution of PCV3 in Hunan Province, China, 700 lymph node tissue specimens were collected from slaughterhouses and hazard-free disposal centers across 14 prefecture-level cities between 2021 and 2024 and screened using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Epidemiological investigation revealed an overall PCV3 positivity rate of 29.4% (206/700) in the province. The highest prevalence was observed in Yiyang City (56%, 28/50), whereas no positive samples were detected in Zhuzhou City (0/30). Among the positive samples, 34 specimens from different cities with Ct values < 25 were selected for Cap gene amplification and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PCV3c was the predominant genotype (67.6%, 23/34), followed by PCV3a (32.4%, 11/34), while PCV3b was not detected. We identified twelve amino acid substitution sites within Cap proteins. Furthermore, B-cell linear epitope prediction and homology modeling of the Cap protein identified seven linear epitopes, with ten amino acid variation sites located within these epitopic regions. This study enriches the molecular epidemiological data of PCV3 in southern China and provides a reference for future PCV3 control strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insights into Porcine Viral Diseases: Recombinant Strains and Immune Responses)
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18 pages, 3490 KB  
Article
Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits the Replication of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Type 2 In Vitro
by Junzhu Song, Jingyu Zhang, Jian Chen, Songbiao Chen, Zuhua Yu, Lei He, Ke Ding and Ying Wei
Viruses 2025, 17(4), 506; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17040506 - 31 Mar 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1077
Abstract
Globally, the swine industry suffers significant economic losses due to the presence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Unfortunately, existing vaccines fail to offer adequate protection against the various strains of PRRSV, and there are currently no specific treatments available for [...] Read more.
Globally, the swine industry suffers significant economic losses due to the presence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Unfortunately, existing vaccines fail to offer adequate protection against the various strains of PRRSV, and there are currently no specific treatments available for this virus. In this study, we screened four natural products and identified cinnamaldehyde (CA) as an effective inhibitor of PRRSV infection in Marc-145 cells. CA could achieve an inhibition rate of up to 93% on PRRSV N protein at 160 μM. Mechanistically, CA exerted anti-PRRSV ability in different treatment modes. CA could directly interact with PRRSV particles. Cinnamaldehyde blocks the binding, entry, replication, and release of PRRSV. Furthermore, a significant reduction in dsRNA levels was observed in the CA-treated groups compared to the control groups. In conclusion, our research demonstrated that CA could inhibit essential stages of the PRRSV lifecycle: binding, entry, replication, and release. CA could directly interact with PRRSV. Additionally, CA disrupted the expression of dsRNA during viral replication, thereby suppressing in vitro PRRSV replication in Marc-145 cells. This study provides crucial perspectives on the potential application of CA for the prevention and treatment of PRRS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insights into Porcine Viral Diseases: Recombinant Strains and Immune Responses)
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