Re-Emergence of Yellow Fever Virus
A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Virology and Viral Diseases".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 182
Special Issue Editor
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
Yellow fever (YF) is among the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral hemorrhagic fevers of public health concern in Africa and Latin America. Yellow fever virus (YFV), the causative virus that infects humans and non-human primates, is an enveloped single-stranded 11,000 kb long RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae, genus Orthoflavivirus, that exists in seven genotypes, five found in Africa and two in South America. While outbreaks have been effectively controlled using a safe efficacious vaccine, availability for routine prevention of outbreaks is often constrained, prompting the need for targeted vaccination of high-risk populations. The growing expansion of disease epidemiology is facilitated largely by fast-growing populations and encroachment into disease emergence zones. According to WHO, Africa and the Americas are estimated to see 67 000–173 000 severe infections and 31 000–82 000 deaths occur each year, with most of the burden occurring in Africa. The YFV persists in the endemic/sylvatic/emergence zone maintained by transovarially infected sylvatic mosquito species such as Ae. africanus, Aedes Furcifer or Hemagogus species and primates. Transmission to susceptible/unvaccinated humans occurs when people invade forests for various reasons, resulting in sporadic cases. These cases could increase when they move to populous villages/urban settings through transmission by susceptible rural/urban mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti, Aedes simpsoni), resulting in large epidemics. The increasing frequency of outbreaks among largely susceptible populations requires a better understanding of this complex ecology and epidemiology to facilitate risk mapping for better control/prevention strategies.
Dr. Rosemary Sang
Guest Editor
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Keywords
- yellow fever virus
- Orthoflavivirus
- mosquito-borne transmission
- viral evolution
- outbreak expansion
- vaccination challenges
- molecular epidemiology
- control strategies
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