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Viruses
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Enteroviruses: Respiratory and Nervous System Infections
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Enteroviruses: Respiratory and Nervous System Infections

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Virology and Viral Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2025) | Viewed by 3254

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Amy B. Rosenfeld

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Review, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
Interests: enteroviruses; pathogenesis; rhinovirus; antibodies; neurotropism; neurovirulence; neuroinvasion; viremia; replication; receptors
Prof. Dr. Vincent R. Racaniello

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
Interests: poliovirus; neurovirulence; receptors; innate immunity; enterovirus; rhinovirus

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Enteroviruses are nonenveloped particles, with a single-stranded RNA genome of positive polarity. This virus genus includes over 350 different, including poliovirus, echoviruses, rhinoviruses and Coxsackieviruses. Enteroviruses are common human pathogens, and infection can result in a spectrum of serious illnesses, including acute flaccid myelitis, severe respiratory complications, and hand, foot and mouth disease. Viruses of this genus share significant genetic similarity that can result in cross-reactivity, obscuring the use of serosurveys for surveillance. Despite more than 100 years of studying poliovirus, many unanswered questions remain about the members of this genus, including the cell molecules that mediate virus entry and genome release, replication, mechanisms of intra- and inter-species recombination, virion assembly, the cellular and humoral responses elicited against their infection, durability of the antiviral immune responses, primary sites of infection, mechanisms of dissemination throughout the host and host gene products that modulate disease severity.

Dr. Amy B. Rosenfeld
Prof. Dr. Vincent R. Racaniello
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • enteroviruses
  • pathogenesis
  • biology
  • antibodies
  • neurotropism
  • neurovirulence
  • neuroinvasion
  • viremia
  • replication
  • receptors
  • rhinovirus
  • innate immunity
  • poliovirus

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

6 pages, 1251 KiB  
Communication
Unexpected Pediatric Cluster of Enterovirus C105, Verona, Italy
by Elena Pomari, Simone Malagò, Guglielmo Ferrari, Greta Romano, Antonio Mori, Andrea Matucci, Rebecca Feletti, Paolo Bonetti, Fausto Baldanti, Concetta Castilletti and Antonio Piralla
Viruses 2025, 17(2), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17020255 - 13 Feb 2025
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Abstract
In an epidemiologic investigation of Enterovirus (EV) infections in a Verona hospital, September 2022–September 2024, we detected EV-C105 in six pediatric patients with upper respiratory symptoms between March and May 2023. The primary objective was to describe the local incidence of EV cases. [...] Read more.
In an epidemiologic investigation of Enterovirus (EV) infections in a Verona hospital, September 2022–September 2024, we detected EV-C105 in six pediatric patients with upper respiratory symptoms between March and May 2023. The primary objective was to describe the local incidence of EV cases. The secondary objective was to perform Sanger’s genomic characterization and the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of EV-C105. The proportion of positive EV results was calculated based on routine molecular method testing. An available cohort of 114 underwent Sanger sequencing, and the six EV-C105 were characterized with WGS. Overall, 96% EV results were from the upper respiratory tract. The total proportion of positives in children was 83%. Out of the typed 114, 90% were Rhinoviruses and 9%, EVs. Notably, six pediatric cases were EV-C105, placing together in a unique cluster with 99% of nucleotides belonging to the European lineage with the highest Average Nucleotide Identity, including EV-C104, EV-C109, and EV-C118. Our data describes the first cluster indicating that EV-C105 incidence may be higher than previously estimated. However, a limitation for affirming this hypothesis is the lack of a more in-depth epidemiological investigation on a larger case series with the possibility of including data from coordinated laboratories. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enteroviruses: Respiratory and Nervous System Infections)
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8 pages, 902 KiB  
Communication
Enterovirus D68 Subgenotype B3 Circulation in Children with Acute Respiratory Illness in the State of Alagoas, Brazil
by Alex Ranieri Jerônimo Lima, Hazerral de Oliveira Santos, James Siqueira Pereira, Anderson Brandão Leite, Jean Phellipe Marques do Nascimento, Juliana Vanessa Cavalcante Souza, Marlon Breno Zampieri Lima, Mykaella Andrade de Araújo, Marta Giovanetti, Esper Georges Kallas, Sandra Coccuzzo Sampaio, Maria Carolina Elias and Svetoslav Nanev Slavov
Viruses 2025, 17(2), 242; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17020242 - 11 Feb 2025
Viewed by 845
Abstract
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a leading cause of acute respiratory disease outbreaks, especially among children. EV-D68 infections can rapidly progress to severe clinical complications and potentially fatal outcomes. In Brazil, no diagnostic or genomic surveillance of this virus is currently performed. Between July [...] Read more.
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a leading cause of acute respiratory disease outbreaks, especially among children. EV-D68 infections can rapidly progress to severe clinical complications and potentially fatal outcomes. In Brazil, no diagnostic or genomic surveillance of this virus is currently performed. Between July and September 2023, cases of acute EV-D68 infection were identified among pediatric patients in several municipalities within the State of Alagoas, Northeast Brazil. Infections were confirmed by RT-qPCR using nasopharyngeal samples, and the complete EV-D68 genomes were sequenced and analyzed through phylogenetic inference. EV-D68 RNA was identified in four children aged 1–9 years from four geographically distinct municipalities in Alagoas. All infections were associated with lower respiratory tract symptoms, including dyspnea and wheezing; however, no fatalities were reported. Complete genomic sequencing revealed that the samples belonged to genotype B, subgenotype B3. This is the first study to report complete genomic data on EV-D68 infections from Brazil and South America. Enhanced genomic surveillance and focused EV-D68 diagnosis are critical to better understanding and managing the regional and national dissemination of this virus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enteroviruses: Respiratory and Nervous System Infections)
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19 pages, 7728 KiB  
Article
Genetic Diversity and Epidemiology of Enteroviruses and Rhinoviruses in Children Hospitalized with Acute Respiratory Infections in Novosibirsk, Russia (2023–2024)
by Alina R. Nokhova, Tereza A. Saroyan, Mariya V. Solomatina, Tatyana A. Gutova, Anastasiya A. Derko, Nikita A. Dubovitskiy, Tatyana A. Murashkina, Kirill A. Sharshov, Alexander M. Shestopalov and Olga G. Kurskaya
Viruses 2024, 16(12), 1924; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16121924 - 16 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1069
Abstract
Rhinoviruses and respiratory enteroviruses remain among the leading causes of acute respiratory infections, particularly in children. Little is known about the genetic diversity of enteroviruses and rhinoviruses in pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections in Russia. We assessed the prevalence of human rhinoviruses/enteroviruses [...] Read more.
Rhinoviruses and respiratory enteroviruses remain among the leading causes of acute respiratory infections, particularly in children. Little is known about the genetic diversity of enteroviruses and rhinoviruses in pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections in Russia. We assessed the prevalence of human rhinoviruses/enteroviruses (HRV/EV) in 1992 children aged 0 to 17 years hospitalized with acute respiratory infections during the 2023–2024 epidemic season using PCR. The detection rate of HRV/EV was 11% (220/1992). We performed typing of 58 HRV and 28 EV viruses by partial sequencing of the VP1 gene. Rhinovirus A was the most common among HRV, followed by rhinovirus C; rhinovirus B was detected in only three cases. Enteroviruses were represented by all four species, with the EV-D68 genotype being the most frequently detected. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 fragment of EV-D68 showed that all our sequences belonged to the B3 subclade. We identified the first case of EV-C105 infection in Russia in a two-year-old girl hospitalized with pneumonia. Phylogenetically, the Novosibirsk strain EV-C105 was closely related to a strain discovered in France in 2018. This research helped to fill a critical gap in understanding the epidemiological landscape of HRV/EV in pediatric populations within Russia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enteroviruses: Respiratory and Nervous System Infections)
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