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Viruses
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Novel Vaccines for Porcine Viruses
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Novel Vaccines for Porcine Viruses

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Viruses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2025) | Viewed by 4657

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Levon Abrahamyan

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Guest Editor
Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QС J2S 2M2, Canada
Interests: porcine viruses; coronaviruses; vaccines; PEDV; PRRSC; mink viruses; antivirals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Alexander Zakhartchouk

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Interests: veterinary vaccines; adenovirus; porcine reproductive and respiratory virus
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Intensive pig farming can lead to outbreaks of viral diseases, which is a critical concern for animal welfare, the economy, food security, and an increase in the use of antibiotics. Vaccination has been proven to be the most effective measure for disease control. Commercial vaccines are currently available to control porcine viruses such as circovirus, porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), parvovirus, swine influenza virus (SIV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and foot-and-mouth disease virus. Vaccines against African swine fever virus tested in Vietnam are close to being approved. However, some of the currently used vaccines require improvement. For instance, modified live vaccines against PRRSV confer complete protection against homologous PRRSV strains, whereas heterologous protection is variable. Furthermore, the industry requires a “universal” SIV vaccine that protects pigs from a broad range of SIV strains. For some viruses, such as porcine rotaviruses (types B and C,) commercial vaccines are not available. Unfortunately, despite extensive vaccination campaigns aimed at controlling PEDV, the virus remains a major threat to the global swine industry. Several vaccine technologies and platforms can be used to construct novel vaccines against viral diseases of pigs. These technologies include inactivated (killed) and modified live vaccines, virus-like particles and subunit vaccines, synthetic peptides, nanoparticles, viral-vectored (vector-based) vaccines, nucleic acids (DNA and mRNA), and bacterial vectored vaccines.

In this Special Issue of Viruses, we invite research and review papers that contribute to the development of novel vaccines for porcine viruses.

Prof. Dr. Levon Abrahamyan
Dr. Alexander Zakhartchouk
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • porcine viruses
  • porcine vaccines
  • swine vaccines
  • viral-vectored vaccines
  • DNA and mRNA vaccines
  • swine viral diseases
  • vaccine development

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2493 KiB  
Article
Experimental Efficacy of an Alphavirus Vectored RNA Particle Vaccine Against Porcine Parainfluenza Virus-1 in Conventional Weaned Pigs
by Michael Welch, Karen Krueger, Jianqiang Zhang, Pablo Piñeyro, Mark Mogler, Erin Strait and Phillip Gauger
Viruses 2025, 17(4), 565; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17040565 - 14 Apr 2025
Viewed by 251
Abstract
Parainfluenza viruses are a common cause of respiratory illness in many species. In this study, experimental, alphavirus-derived RNA particle vaccines either with or without adjuvant were evaluated against porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV1) challenge and compared to live virus exposure. Groups of ten, [...] Read more.
Parainfluenza viruses are a common cause of respiratory illness in many species. In this study, experimental, alphavirus-derived RNA particle vaccines either with or without adjuvant were evaluated against porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV1) challenge and compared to live virus exposure. Groups of ten, three-week-old pigs were vaccinated intramuscularly with an adjuvanted RNA particle (RPAdj/C) or non-adjuvanted RP (RP/C) or administered an intranasal live exposure (LE/C) dose of PPIV1 at 0- and 21-days post vaccination (DPV) followed by challenge with PPIV1 at 40 DPV. In addition, two groups were included as non-vaccinated, non-challenged (NV/NC) and non-vaccinated, challenged (NV/C) controls. Intranasal virus exposure and RP vaccination, regardless of adjuvant, reduced PPIV1 shedding in nasal swabs by 5 days post inoculation (DPI). All vaccinated or exposed pigs seroconverted as shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and serum virus neutralization. The antibody isotype detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) LE/C was predominantly IgA while RP vaccination induced an IgG response. Reduced PPIV1 antigen was observed in the LE/C, RP/C and RPAdj/C groups in lung, trachea, or nasal turbinate epithelium. Additionally, the RPAdj vaccine significantly reduced nasal shedding compared to NV/C pigs although not as much as LE/C pigs. These results suggest vaccination could mitigate PPIV1 infection in commercial systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Vaccines for Porcine Viruses)
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16 pages, 4463 KiB  
Article
Non-Compromised Efficacy of the First Commercial Ready-to-Use Genotype 2d Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Vaccine
by Nimród Pálmai, Nikoletta-Ágnes Széplaki, Bálint Molnár, Han Smits, Roman Krejci and István Kiss
Viruses 2025, 17(4), 554; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17040554 - 11 Apr 2025
Viewed by 272
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are critical pathogens in the swine industry, both contributing significantly to the porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). Given their impact, it is logical to control these pathogens simultaneously. Consequently, combined vaccinations against [...] Read more.
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are critical pathogens in the swine industry, both contributing significantly to the porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). Given their impact, it is logical to control these pathogens simultaneously. Consequently, combined vaccinations against Mhyo and PCV2 are gaining popularity in swine health management. We present the efficacy of the first commercial combined vaccine prepared of a genotype PCV2d strain and Mhyo and tested against experimental challenge infections with target pathogens in comparative trials with other commercial products. In these studies, three-week-old piglets were vaccinated according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Five weeks later, they were challenged with two Mhyo strains over three consecutive days or with a PCV2d strain once. Positive controls included challenged pigs without prior vaccination, while non-vaccinated/non-challenged pigs served as negative controls. The key parameters measured were lung lesion scores and seroconversion for Mhyo, and viraemia, rectal shedding, lymph node and lung viral content, and seroconversion for PCV2. Findings and conclusion: The results showed no compromising effects between the vaccine components and highlighted significant differences in efficacy among the various products tested. Additionally, oral fluid sampling demonstrated a strong correlation with the viraemia and fecal shedding of PCV2, underscoring the diagnostic and animal welfare benefits of this sampling method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Vaccines for Porcine Viruses)
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Review

Jump to: Research

24 pages, 2287 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review of Our Understanding and Challenges of Viral Vaccines against Swine Pathogens
by Aman Kamboj, Shaurya Dumka, Mumtesh Kumar Saxena, Yashpal Singh, Bani Preet Kaur, Severino Jefferson Ribeiro da Silva and Sachin Kumar
Viruses 2024, 16(6), 833; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16060833 - 24 May 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3024
Abstract
Pig farming has become a strategically significant and economically important industry across the globe. It is also a potentially vulnerable sector due to challenges posed by transboundary diseases in which viral infections are at the forefront. Among the porcine viral diseases, African swine [...] Read more.
Pig farming has become a strategically significant and economically important industry across the globe. It is also a potentially vulnerable sector due to challenges posed by transboundary diseases in which viral infections are at the forefront. Among the porcine viral diseases, African swine fever, classical swine fever, foot and mouth disease, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, pseudorabies, swine influenza, and transmissible gastroenteritis are some of the diseases that cause substantial economic losses in the pig industry. It is a well-established fact that vaccination is undoubtedly the most effective strategy to control viral infections in animals. From the period of Jenner and Pasteur to the recent new-generation technology era, the development of vaccines has contributed significantly to reducing the burden of viral infections on animals and humans. Inactivated and modified live viral vaccines provide partial protection against key pathogens. However, there is a need to improve these vaccines to address emerging infections more comprehensively and ensure their safety. The recent reports on new-generation vaccines against swine viruses like DNA, viral-vector-based replicon, chimeric, peptide, plant-made, virus-like particle, and nanoparticle-based vaccines are very encouraging. The current review gathers comprehensive information on the available vaccines and the future perspectives on porcine viral vaccines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Vaccines for Porcine Viruses)
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