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Veterinary Sciences
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Advances in Small Animal Dermatology
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Advances in Small Animal Dermatology

A special issue of Veterinary Sciences (ISSN 2306-7381). This special issue belongs to the section "Anatomy, Histology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 June 2022) | Viewed by 67315

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Marie-Christine Cadiergues

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
INFINITy, Université de Toulouse, ENVT (École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), Toulouse, France
Interests: dermatology; canine atopic dermatitis; ectoparasites; therapeutics; dogs; cats; farm animals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Dermatology is a discipline characterized by growing importance in veterinary medical activity and constant (and particularly rapid) progress in terms of knowledge thanks to specific and vigorous clinical research.

This Special Issue of Veterinary Sciences, titled Advances in Small Animal Dermatology, will publish original articles, brief communications, case reports, case series, and reviews on the latest studies on skin diseases in companion animals. It will encompass all aspects of veterinary dermatology: preclinical and clinical research, as well as diagnosis and treatment of various skin disorders, including but not limited to allergies, infections, ectoparasites, otitis, skin oncology, congenital anomalies, or cutaneous manifestation of systemic diseases.

Based on your expertise in this field, we think you can effectively contribute to the success of this initiative. We also hope that this collection will stimulate closer collaboration between researchers in veterinary and medical sciences in addressing this important topic in small animal medicine.

Prof. Dr. Marie-Christine Cadiergues
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Veterinary Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • companion animals
  • skin diseases
  • diagnosis
  • treatment
  • prevention

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Published Papers (15 papers)

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Research

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6 pages, 780 KiB  
Communication
A Pilot Randomized Trial to Compare Polyuria and Polydipsia during a Short Course of Prednisolone or Methylprednisolone in Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis
by Viktorija Lokianskiene, Kerstin Bergvall and Thierry Olivry
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(9), 490; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9090490 - 09 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1754
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are widely used to treat canine allergic disorders, but they frequently cause polyuria and polydipsia (PUPD). At equipotent dosages, oral methylprednisolone is believed to cause less PUPD than prednisolone. We performed a pilot randomized, open, parallel trial with 22 dogs with nonseasonal [...] Read more.
Glucocorticoids are widely used to treat canine allergic disorders, but they frequently cause polyuria and polydipsia (PUPD). At equipotent dosages, oral methylprednisolone is believed to cause less PUPD than prednisolone. We performed a pilot randomized, open, parallel trial with 22 dogs with nonseasonal AD receiving either prednisolone or methylprednisolone at equipotent dosages, once daily for 14 days during the first phase of a restriction–provocation dietary trial. Before and on days 3, 7, and 14 after starting the glucocorticoids, owners estimated water consumption for 24 h. On the same days and before the glucocorticoid was given, owners collected the first-morning urine to determine the urine specific gravity (USG). There were no significant differences between the prednisolone and methylprednisolone groups on days 3, 7, and 14 when comparing the changes in water intake from baseline. Most dogs from both groups exhibited a slight reduction in USG during the study. Still, there was no significant difference in USG changes between the groups on any of these three reevaluation days. In conclusion, the administration of two weeks of oral prednisolone and methylprednisolone at equipotent anti-inflammatory dosages at the beginning of an elimination diet did not lead to significant differences in water intake and USG. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Small Animal Dermatology)
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13 pages, 281 KiB  
Article
External Ear Canal Evaluation in Dogs with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Externa: Comparison of Direct Cytology, Bacterial Culture and 16S Amplicon Profiling
by Caroline Leonard, Damien Thiry, Bernard Taminiau, Georges Daube and Jacques Fontaine
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(7), 366; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9070366 - 18 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2560
Abstract
A discrepancy between cytology and bacterial culture methods is sometimes observed in canine otitis externa. The objective of this study was to compare results from cytology, bacterial culture and 16S amplicon profiling. Twenty samples from 16 dogs with chronic suppurative otitis externa were [...] Read more.
A discrepancy between cytology and bacterial culture methods is sometimes observed in canine otitis externa. The objective of this study was to compare results from cytology, bacterial culture and 16S amplicon profiling. Twenty samples from 16 dogs with chronic suppurative otitis externa were collected. A direct cytological evaluation was carried out during the consultations. Aerobic bacterial culture and susceptibility were performed by an external laboratory used in routine practice. For 16S amplicon profiling, DNA was extracted and the hypervariable segment V1–V3 of the 16S rDNA was amplified and then sequenced with a MiSeq Illumina sequence carried out by the Mothur software using the SILVA database. A good correlation between cytology and bacterial culture was observed in 60% of the samples. Some bacterial species revealed by bacterial culture were present with low relative abundance (<10%) in 16S amplicon profiling. Some bacterial species revealed by the 16S amplicon profiling analysis were not identified with culture; most of the time, the offending species was a Corynebacterium. To conclude, a careful interpretation of the results of bacterial culture should be made and always be in agreement with the cytology. The 16S amplicon profiling method appears to be a more sensitive method for detecting strains present in suppurative otitis but does not provide information on bacterial susceptibility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Small Animal Dermatology)
10 pages, 3907 KiB  
Article
Identification of Histopathological Criteria for the Diagnosis of Canine Cutaneous Progressive Angiomatosis
by Francesca Abramo, Marta Vascellari, Giada Colzi, Luca Pazzini, Francesco Albanese, Lara Olivieri, Claudia Zanardello, Claudia Salvadori, Giancarlo Avallone and Paola Roccabianca
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(7), 340; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9070340 - 05 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2631
Abstract
The term angiomatosis is used to denote a group of well-known to poorly characterized proliferative vascular entities. In animals, cutaneous progressive angiomatosis (CPA) is a disorder with variable prognosis related to the extension and depth of infiltration of the surrounding tissues by vessels. [...] Read more.
The term angiomatosis is used to denote a group of well-known to poorly characterized proliferative vascular entities. In animals, cutaneous progressive angiomatosis (CPA) is a disorder with variable prognosis related to the extension and depth of infiltration of the surrounding tissues by vessels. CPA may share some microscopical features with other vascular proliferations such as low-grade well-differentiated capillaritic hemangiosarcoma (HS), making the diagnosis not always straightforward, especially in small biopsies. The aim of this study is to retrospectively assess the most common diagnostic microscopical features of CPA in dogs. In this work, 11 histopathological criteria were analyzed on 31 CPA and 11 primary cutaneous HS in dogs. Features significantly associated with CPA included: lobular growth, interposition of connective tissue and adnexa between the vascular proliferation, presence of nerve fibers, and a mixed vascular proliferative component. Absence of plump/prominent endothelial cells, lack of atypia, and lack of mitoses were also significant factors differentiating CPA from HS. Additional distinctive findings in CPA, although with no statistical association to CPA diagnosis, were vascular shunting, absence of necrosis, and endothelial cell piling up. In conclusion, the combined use of different microscopical clues allowed for the distinction of CPA from HS and was considered useful for the diagnosis of CPA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Small Animal Dermatology)
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10 pages, 1557 KiB  
Article
Enhanced In Vitro Expression of Filaggrin and Antimicrobial Peptides Following Application of Glycosaminoglycans and a Sphingomyelin-Rich Lipid Extract
by Sergi Segarra, Tanesha Naiken, Julien Garnier, Valérie Hamon, Nathalie Coussay and François-Xavier Bernard
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(7), 323; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9070323 - 27 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1887
Abstract
Filaggrin is an epidermal protein involved in skin barrier formation and hydration, whose expression is altered in canine atopic dermatitis (CAD). CAD patients also present an abnormal immune response with an altered expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as β-defensins and cathelicidins. Sphingolipids [...] Read more.
Filaggrin is an epidermal protein involved in skin barrier formation and hydration, whose expression is altered in canine atopic dermatitis (CAD). CAD patients also present an abnormal immune response with an altered expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as β-defensins and cathelicidins. Sphingolipids and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been reported to improve the skin barrier in several animal species, including dogs. Our objective was to evaluate the in vitro effects of a sphingomyelin-rich lipid extract (LE), a hyaluronic acid-rich GAG matrix, and their combination, on the expression of filaggrin and human β-defensin 2 (hBD-2). Filaggrin expression was quantified in a reconstructed human epidermis (RHE), and hBD-2 in normal human epidermal keratinocyte (NHEK) cultures. LE and GAGs were tested at 0.02 mg/mL, with or without adding a cytokine mix. A significant increase in mean hBD-2, compared to the control (99 pg/mL) was achieved with LE (138 pg/mL) and LE+GAGs (165 pg/mL). Filaggrin increased with GAGs (202% ± 83) and LE (193% ± 44) vs. the stimulated control, but this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05) only with LE+GAGs (210% ± 39). In conclusion, the tested GAGs and LE enhance filaggrin and AMP expression in vitro, which might benefit CAD patients if applied in vivo. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Small Animal Dermatology)
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13 pages, 1423 KiB  
Article
Τhe Effect of Opioid Administration on Cytologic and Histopathologic Diagnosis of Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors Treated by Surgical Excision
by Christina Marouda, Tilemahos Anagnostou, Ioannis Savvas, Lysimachos G. Papazoglou and Dimitra Psalla
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(5), 202; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9050202 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4902
Abstract
Mast cell tumor (MCT) is a frequent cutaneous tumor in dogs, with a variable biological behavior. Studies correlate cytologic and histopathologic features of MCTs with their biological behavior, prognosis, and response to treatment. The use of preoperative opioids is common in canine patients [...] Read more.
Mast cell tumor (MCT) is a frequent cutaneous tumor in dogs, with a variable biological behavior. Studies correlate cytologic and histopathologic features of MCTs with their biological behavior, prognosis, and response to treatment. The use of preoperative opioids is common in canine patients undergoing surgical removal of these tumors. Certain opioids can induce or downregulate mast cell degranulation and influence cancer progression. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the administration of morphine or butorphanol during surgical excision of canine cutaneous MCTs affects their cytologic and histopathologic appearance, thus influencing cytologic and histopathologic grading. This was a prospective, blinded, randomized, cohort clinical study. Forty-five dogs with cutaneous MCTs were randomly allocated into three groups according to preanaesthetic medication: dexmedetomidine combined with morphine (group M) or butorphanol (group B) or normal saline (group C). Cytologic specimens and histopathologic samples were obtained both prior to and after surgery. Samples were graded according to Kiupel’s and Patnaik’s systems, examined immunohistochemically for Ki-67 protein (Ki-67) and c-kit proto-oncogene product (KIT) expression, and histochemically for argyrophilic nucleolar organizing regions (AgNORs). Based on both Kiupel’s and Patnaik’s systems, no statistically significant differences were noted concerning the number of cases with grading discrepancies in grades allocated prior to versus after surgery among the groups. The same applied for cytological grading and immunohistochemical and histochemical evaluation. It seems that administration of morphine or butorphanol as part of the preanesthetic medication for surgical removal of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors does not influence histopathologic and cytologic grading of MCTs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Small Animal Dermatology)
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12 pages, 1306 KiB  
Communication
Clinical and Microbiological Performances and Effects on Lipid and Cytokine Production of a Ceruminolytic Ear Cleaner in Canine Erythemato-Ceruminous Otitis Externa
by Fabien Moog, Johanna Mivielle, Jessie Brun, Mirabela Oana Dumitrache, Nicolas Amalric, Line-Alice Lecru, Charline Pressanti, Jevgenija Kondratjeva, Daniel Combarros, Oscar Fantini and Marie Christine Cadiergues
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(4), 185; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9040185 - 13 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3226
Abstract
Erythemato-ceruminous otitis externa (ECOE) is the most common type of otitis in dogs and is generally associated with bacterial and/or yeast infections. The performance of an ear cleaner was assessed over two weeks in canine ECOE, associated with a mild or moderate secondary [...] Read more.
Erythemato-ceruminous otitis externa (ECOE) is the most common type of otitis in dogs and is generally associated with bacterial and/or yeast infections. The performance of an ear cleaner was assessed over two weeks in canine ECOE, associated with a mild or moderate secondary infection, in a prospective open-label study. Forty ear canals with ECOE that did not receive any type of aural treatment and were not cleaned for 7 days were included. Pruritus (PS), 0–3 Otitis Index Score (OTIS-3) and 0–4 scale cytology (CYTO) scores were assessed on Day (D) 0, D7 and D14. Concentrations of a panel of 13 cytokines on the ear canal surface and the lipid profile of the exudate were measured on D0 and D14. From D0 to D12 or D13, the dogs’ ears were cleaned daily if the secretion score (SEC) was 3/3, every second day if the score was 2/3 and every third day if the score was 1/3. PS, OTIS-3, SEC and CYTO were significantly lower on D7 compared to baseline (−40%, −31%, −36%, −34%, respectively; p < 0.0001). The same parameters decreased further on D14 (−60%, −53%, −61%, −73%, respectively; p < 0.0001) and amounts of interleukin 8 and chemokine KC-like were also reduced compared to baseline (−45%, p < 0.01; −36%, p = 0.3, respectively). The lipid profile was also modified, with a decrease in free lipids and an increase in bound lipids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Small Animal Dermatology)
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8 pages, 773 KiB  
Article
A Retrospective Evaluation of the Steroid-Sparing Effect of Oral Modified Ciclosporin for Treatment of Canine Pemphigus Foliaceus
by Eric Chong, Michaela Austel and Frane Banovic
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(4), 153; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9040153 - 23 Mar 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3653
Abstract
The efficacy of ciclosporin as an adjuvant immunosuppressant administered with glucocorticoids (GCs) for induction of canine PF remission is unknown. This study is a retrospective review of medical records from 2015 to 2020 to evaluate the therapeutic outcomes of 11 PF dogs treated [...] Read more.
The efficacy of ciclosporin as an adjuvant immunosuppressant administered with glucocorticoids (GCs) for induction of canine PF remission is unknown. This study is a retrospective review of medical records from 2015 to 2020 to evaluate the therapeutic outcomes of 11 PF dogs treated with oral modified ciclosporin and GCs. Concurrent GCs were given with ciclosporin to all PF dogs. Nine dogs (9/11) achieved complete remission (CR); five dogs received ciclosporin at a mean dose of 6.2 mg/kg/day; and four dogs received a combination of ciclosporin and ketoconazole at a mean dose of 3 mg/kg/day, respectively. Two dogs (2/11) showed only 25% or poor response, with the development of new PF lesions during treatment. The mean duration of ciclosporin therapy for nine dogs to achieve CR was 65 days (median 57 days, range 24–119 days). Slow tapering of oral GCs while continuing ciclosporin at the same dose and frequency in nine dogs with CR led to recurrence of PF lesions in four dogs, whereas, in five dogs, oral glucocorticoids were discontinued without a PF flare. Oral modified ciclosporin combined with GCs achieved CR in 9 out of 11 PF dogs during the induction phase in this study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Small Animal Dermatology)
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9 pages, 1239 KiB  
Article
Canine Stem Cell Conditioned Media Accelerates Epithelial Migration in the Canine Tympanic Membrane
by Hyerin Suh, Suhyun Kim, Taeho Oh and Seulgi Bae
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(2), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9020069 - 06 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2727
Abstract
Similar to skin, epithelia in the tympanic membrane (TM) regenerate and move toward the opening of the external ear canal, a process called epithelial migration (EM). EM is important for maintaining healthy ears because this process removes cerumen and debris. Therefore, increasing the [...] Read more.
Similar to skin, epithelia in the tympanic membrane (TM) regenerate and move toward the opening of the external ear canal, a process called epithelial migration (EM). EM is important for maintaining healthy ears because this process removes cerumen and debris. Therefore, increasing the rate of EM or TM regeneration could be very important for healthy ear maintenance and function. Stem cells or their conditioned media have been used in medical therapy in humans to increase the rate and efficacy of EM. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of canine stem cell conditioned media to accelerate EM in canine TMs. Canine adipose tissue derived-mesenchymal stem cell conditioned media (cAD-MSCCM), and several cytokines related to keratinocyte growth or migration within the media were quantified using ELISA. Ink drops were placed on the TMs of four normal beagles. Then, cAD-MSCCM was applied weekly, a total of three times to the TMs of one ear, and nothing was applied to the other eye. The results showed a higher TM EM rate in the treatment group than in the control group (p < 0.05). No adverse events were recorded. These results suggest that the weekly application of cAD-MSCCM accelerates the TM EM rate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Small Animal Dermatology)
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11 pages, 5237 KiB  
Communication
Canine Epidermal Keratinocytes (CPEK) Grown in Monolayer Are Not Representative of Normal Canine Keratinocytes for Permeability Studies: Pilot Studies
by Rosanna Marsella, Rachel Wilkes and Kim Ahrens
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9010025 - 11 Jan 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2944
Abstract
Canine progenitor epidermal keratinocytes (CPEK) are used as canine keratinocyte cell line. Their suitability for skin barrier studies is unknown. Measurement of transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) evaluates epithelial permeability. We compared TEER and tight junction (TJ) expression in CPEKs and normal keratinocytes (NK) [...] Read more.
Canine progenitor epidermal keratinocytes (CPEK) are used as canine keratinocyte cell line. Their suitability for skin barrier studies is unknown. Measurement of transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) evaluates epithelial permeability. We compared TEER and tight junction (TJ) expression in CPEKs and normal keratinocytes (NK) harvested from biopsies of normal dogs. CPEKs and NK were grown until confluence (D0) and for 13 additional days. Slides were fixed on D0 and stained with ZO-1 and claudin-1 antibodies. Five images/antibody were taken, randomized and evaluated blindly by three investigators for intensity, staining location, granularity, and continuousness. Cell size and variability were evaluated. TEER increased overtime to 2000 Ohms/cm in NK, while remained around 100–150 Ohms/cm in CPEK. ANOVA showed significant effect of time (p < 0.0001), group (p < 0.0001) and group x time interaction (p < 0.0001) for TEER. Size of CPEKs was significantly (p < 0.0001) smaller and less variable (p = 0.0078) than NK. Intensity of claudin-1 staining was greater in CPEKs (p < 0.0001) while granularity was less in CPEKs (p = 0.0012). For ZO-1, cytoplasmic staining was greater in CPEK (p < 0.0001) while membrane continuousness of staining was greater in NK (p = 0.0002). We conclude that CPEKs grown in monolayer are not representative of NK for permeability studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Small Animal Dermatology)
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8 pages, 3403 KiB  
Communication
Investigation on the Effect of Dose, Frequency and Duration of Allergen Exposure on Development of Staphylococcal Infections in a Chronic Model of Canine Atopic Dermatitis
by Rosanna Marsella
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9010008 - 28 Dec 2021
Viewed by 3794
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is chronic and frequently complicated by Staphylococcal infections. Understanding the role of allergen dose, frequency and duration of exposure in triggering infections requires a model. Most models elicit acute inflammation and do not mimic real-life disease. Here we describe [...] Read more.
Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is chronic and frequently complicated by Staphylococcal infections. Understanding the role of allergen dose, frequency and duration of exposure in triggering infections requires a model. Most models elicit acute inflammation and do not mimic real-life disease. Here we describe the effects of allergen exposures on development of infections in a model of chronic CAD. Diagnosis of pyoderma was based on clinical signs and consistent cytology. Study 1 evaluated the role of duration of exposure keeping the daily dose constant (25 mg/day). The one-week protocol involved three exposures, 3 days in a row. The one-month protocol involved twice-weekly challenges for 4 weeks. The three-month protocol involved twice-weekly challenges for 12 weeks. Study 2 evaluated different daily doses while keeping constant the total weekly dose (25 mg) and duration (3 weeks). Low-dose used 5 mg/day for 5 days, each week. High-dose used 12.5 mg/day twice-weekly. In Study 1, the longer the exposure, the more dogs developed pyoderma (6/9 in the three-month study, 2/9 in the one-month and 0 in the one-week). In Study 2, low-dose daily exposure caused more infections (5/8) than high-dose infrequent exposure (0/8). It is concluded that low-grade, daily exposure for a long time is most relevant for development of staphylococcal infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Small Animal Dermatology)
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Review

Jump to: Research, Other

10 pages, 2375 KiB  
Review
A Review of Recent Developments in Veterinary Otology
by Richard Harvey
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(4), 161; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9040161 - 25 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 7060
Abstract
The knowledge gap between practical research and its implementation in veterinary practice is becoming harder to bridge, as researchers now have a plethora of journals in which to publish. This paper summarizes recent research from the latest publications related to ear disease in [...] Read more.
The knowledge gap between practical research and its implementation in veterinary practice is becoming harder to bridge, as researchers now have a plethora of journals in which to publish. This paper summarizes recent research from the latest publications related to ear disease in dogs which have implications for veterinary practitioners. The topics reviewed include 16s rRNA new-generation sequencing, the use of oclacitinib in pinnal ulceration, the etiopathogenesis of aural hematoma, contamination of the middle ear during elective myringotomy and how to avoid it, and the use of carbon dioxide lasers in chronic obstructive otitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Small Animal Dermatology)
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32 pages, 486 KiB  
Review
Clinical Guidelines for the Use of Antipruritic Drugs in the Control of the Most Frequent Pruritic Skin Diseases in Dogs
by Vincent Bruet, Marion Mosca, Amaury Briand, Patrick Bourdeau, Didier Pin, Noëlle Cochet-Faivre and Marie-Christine Cadiergues
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(4), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9040149 - 22 Mar 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 9822
Abstract
Pruritus is a common clinical sign in many skin disorders and is currently the main complaint in canine dermatology. Pruritic skin diseases can affect the quality of life of dogs and their owners. Several families of antipruritic drugs are available to help control [...] Read more.
Pruritus is a common clinical sign in many skin disorders and is currently the main complaint in canine dermatology. Pruritic skin diseases can affect the quality of life of dogs and their owners. Several families of antipruritic drugs are available to help control pruritus in dogs. The aim of this review is to help practitioners select the most appropriate symptomatic treatment in the most frequent situations of dermatological pruritus in dogs. The molecules reviewed here are systemic and topical glucocorticoids, antihistamines, ciclosporin, oclacitinib and lokivetmab. A level of evidence (1, 2 or 3) has been established according to a detailed algorithm for each individual study in the literature published between 1990 and March 2021. The guidelines result from evidence grading using the strength of recommendation taxonomy (SoRT) and clinical recommendations using a thorough methodology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Small Animal Dermatology)

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

5 pages, 1162 KiB  
Case Report
Inherited Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy in a Border Collie, Interest of Oclacitinib for the Control of Self-Mutilation
by Caroline Leonard, Iris Van Soens and Jacques Fontaine
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(3), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9030127 - 10 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3408
Abstract
Sensory and autonomic neuropathy was diagnosed in a five-month-old Border Collie puppy, who presented with progressive self-mutilation, proprioceptive ataxia and urinary incontinence. In the Border Collie, sensory neuropathy is different from what is observed in acral mutilation syndrome, as the genetic mutation is [...] Read more.
Sensory and autonomic neuropathy was diagnosed in a five-month-old Border Collie puppy, who presented with progressive self-mutilation, proprioceptive ataxia and urinary incontinence. In the Border Collie, sensory neuropathy is different from what is observed in acral mutilation syndrome, as the genetic mutation is linked to an inversion disrupting the FAM134B gene. Diagnosis was based on history, clinical signs and genetic testing. The prognosis of sensory neuropathies is poor and no curative treatment is available. In the present case, oclacitinib was started for symptomatic treatment of the self-mutilation. A good control of the self-mutilation was quickly observed with an improvement in quality of life for five months. Unfortunately, progression of neurological signs with severe proprioceptive deficits, ataxia, muscular atrophy and urinary/fecal incontinence was observed. Five months after diagnosis, the owner elected for euthanasia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Small Animal Dermatology)
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7 pages, 1187 KiB  
Case Report
Isotretinoin Treatment for Autosomal Recessive Congenital Ichthyosis in a Golden Retriever
by Ana Petak, Ivan-Conrado Šoštarić-Zuckermann, Marko Hohšteter and Nikša Lemo
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(3), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9030097 - 22 Feb 2022
Viewed by 8078
Abstract
Ichthyoses are hereditary cornification disorders that manifest with abnormal differentiation and desquamation of keratinocytes in a form of generalized dry and scaly skin. In golden retriever dogs, autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) has been associated with mutations in the PNPLA 1 gene. In [...] Read more.
Ichthyoses are hereditary cornification disorders that manifest with abnormal differentiation and desquamation of keratinocytes in a form of generalized dry and scaly skin. In golden retriever dogs, autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) has been associated with mutations in the PNPLA 1 gene. In human medicine, isotretinoin is frequently used to treat ARCIs. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and histological effects of isotretinoin on ARCI in a golden retriever dog with confirmed mutation in the PNPLA 1 gene. Clinical examination, blood analysis and histopathological examinations were conducted before and after 90 days of isotretinoin therapy. The clinical and histopathological findings indicate that treatment with oral isotretinoin was effective in improving ichthyosis without any side-effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Small Animal Dermatology)
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6 pages, 755 KiB  
Case Report
Excitement-Induced Cutaneous Bleeding (Haematidrosis-like) in a Dog
by Evi I. Sofou, Anna Gavra and Manolis N. Saridomichelakis
Vet. Sci. 2021, 8(12), 327; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8120327 - 13 Dec 2021
Viewed by 6163
Abstract
A 15-month-old intact female Pitbull was referred because of recurrent, episodic, self-limiting, excitement-induced bleeding from nontraumatised skin. No abnormalities were detected upon physical examination. Subsequently, the dog went for a walk under the direct supervision of one of the authors, became overexcited and, [...] Read more.
A 15-month-old intact female Pitbull was referred because of recurrent, episodic, self-limiting, excitement-induced bleeding from nontraumatised skin. No abnormalities were detected upon physical examination. Subsequently, the dog went for a walk under the direct supervision of one of the authors, became overexcited and, after approximately five minutes, bloody liquid, with a patchy distribution, appeared along the hair shafts of the face and neck. The affected skin was congested, partially blanching on diascopy and bloody liquid was oozing from the follicular openings. Urticaria, dermographism and hypertension were excluded, the complete blood count and coagulation profile were within the reference ranges and an analysis of the bloody exudate confirmed its blood components. The cutaneous bleeding of the dog followed a self-limited course, with no episodes during the last two years. Clinical and laboratory findings and the long-term evolution of this dog bear striking similarities to haematidrosis, a rare human disease of multifactorial aetiology and equivocal pathogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Small Animal Dermatology)
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