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Veterinary Sciences
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Advances in Right Heart Diseases in Veterinary Science
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Advances in Right Heart Diseases in Veterinary Science

A special issue of Veterinary Sciences (ISSN 2306-7381).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 15744

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Tommaso Vezzosi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese lato monte, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy
2. Department of Cardiology, Istituto Veterinario Novara, 28060 Novara, Italy
Interests: electrocardiography; echocardiography; pulmonary hypertension; right heart remodeling; right-sided congestive heart; myxomatous mitral valve disease; smartphone-based medicine
Dr. Oriol Domenech

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Cardiology, Istituto Veterinario Novara, 28060 Novara, Italy
Interests: electrocardiography; echocardiography; congenital heart diseases; interventional cardiology; cardiac surgery; smartphone-based medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Research and clinical interest in right-side heart diseases in the last few years, with new insights into the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of right-sided congestive heart failure, has progressively increased. Both congenital (e.g., pulmonic stenosis and tricuspid valve dysplasia) and acquired (e.g., pulmonary hypertension) right-side heart diseases are common in veterinary medicine. Despite the most recent pathophysiological acquisitions and new diagnostic and therapeutic aids, right-side heart diseases often continue to be associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially if severe. Sudden death and right-sided heart failure are the main risk factors for cardiac mortality, leading to the need for diagnosing right-side heart diseases in the early stages. Furthermore, to date, there are few veterinary studies on the objective evaluation of electrocardiographic, radiographic, and echocardiographic indices for right-side heart size and function in different right-side heart diseases. The assessment and monitoring of the objective variables of right-side heart size and function could allow for a more accurate pre-clinical and clinical evaluation of disease severity, prognosis, and treatment efficacy. This Special Issue aims to collect innovations and new insights into the clinical, electrocardiographic, radiographic, echocardiographic, and biomarker characterization of right-side heart diseases in veterinary medicine, with the goal of implementing further knowledge and experience that might be useful in clinical practice in the near future.

Dr. Tommaso Vezzosi
Dr. Oriol Domenech
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Veterinary Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • echocardiography
  • electrocardiography
  • right ventricular function
  • right atrial enlargement
  • right-sided congestive heart failure
  • arrhythmias
  • pulmonary hypertension
  • tricuspid regurgitation
  • pulmonic stenosis
  • congenital heart disease

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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16 pages, 16284 KiB  
Article
Transjugular Patent Ductus Arteriosus Occlusion in Seven Dogs Using the Amplatzer Vascular Plug II
by Mara Bagardi, Oriol Domenech, Tommaso Vezzosi, Federica Marchesotti, Martina Bini, Valentina Patata, Marta Croce, Valentina Valenti and Luigi Venco
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(8), 431; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9080431 - 14 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3590
Abstract
Although vascular plugs for the closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) have been validated in dogs, studies are lacking on its use as a first-choice device with a transjugular approach. The present case series describes the transvenous right jugular embolization of PDA using [...] Read more.
Although vascular plugs for the closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) have been validated in dogs, studies are lacking on its use as a first-choice device with a transjugular approach. The present case series describes the transvenous right jugular embolization of PDA using an Amplatzer Vascular Plug II in seven dogs of different ages, breeds, and body weights. Complete closure of the PDA was demonstrated in all cases. All dogs showed significant hemodynamic reduction of pulmonary overcirculation and left heart size after the procedure and at following echocardiographic check-ups. Transjugular PDA occlusion using an Amplatzer Vascular Plug II can thus be considered as a safe alternative to the arterial or venous femoral approach using an Amplatzer canine ductal occluder (ACDO), particularly in puppies with small femoral vessels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Right Heart Diseases in Veterinary Science)
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9 pages, 3005 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of a Novel Precordial Lead System for the Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of Right Ventricular Enlargement in Dogs
by Giovanni Grosso, Tommaso Vezzosi, Cesara Sofia Pergamo, Martina Bini, Valentina Patata, Oriol Domenech and Rosalba Tognetti
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(8), 399; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9080399 - 30 Jul 2022
Viewed by 2657
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of precordial leads for the detection of right ventricular enlargement (RVE) in dogs. This was a prospective observational study. The RVE was defined by echocardiography. The amplitude (mV) of the Q, R, and [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of precordial leads for the detection of right ventricular enlargement (RVE) in dogs. This was a prospective observational study. The RVE was defined by echocardiography. The amplitude (mV) of the Q, R, and S waves, the R/S ratio, and the mean electrical axis (MEA) of the QRS complex were assessed on the 12-lead ECG. The ROC curve and the Youden index yielded the best cutoffs for RVE detection. An area under the curve (AUC) > 0.7 defined suitable diagnostic accuracy. A total of 84 dogs, 27 with RVE and 57 healthy controls, were enrolled. Q wave amplitude in aVR (cutoff > 0.10 mV; AUC = 0.727), R/S ratio in V4 (cutoff < 1.15; AUC = 0.842), R/S ratio in V5 (cutoff < 1.95; AUC = 0.839) and S wave amplitude in V6 (cutoff > 0.70 mV; AUC = 0.703) showed suitable diagnostic accuracy in detecting RVE. Among dogs with RVE, only 9/27 (33%) presented a right shift of MEA. Differently, 19/27 (70%) showed at least one of the identified precordial lead criteria. Assessment of the R/S ratio in V4 and V5 and S wave amplitude in V6 increases the diagnostic accuracy of ECG in distinguishing between dogs with RVE and healthy dogs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Right Heart Diseases in Veterinary Science)
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11 pages, 1562 KiB  
Article
Clinical and Electrocardiographic Findings for Predicting the Severity of Pulmonary Valve Stenosis in Dogs
by Martina Bini, Tommaso Vezzosi, Maria Josefa Fernández Del Palacio, Jesús Talavera, Valentina Patata, Federica Marchesotti and Oriol Domenech
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(2), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9020061 - 1 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3491
Abstract
Pulmonary valve stenosis (PS) in dogs is usually suspected due to the presence of a heart murmur and clinical signs. Echocardiography is needed to confirm the diagnosis and define the severity of PS. This retrospective study evaluated the utility of clinical and electrocardiographic [...] Read more.
Pulmonary valve stenosis (PS) in dogs is usually suspected due to the presence of a heart murmur and clinical signs. Echocardiography is needed to confirm the diagnosis and define the severity of PS. This retrospective study evaluated the utility of clinical and electrocardiographic (ECG) findings in the prediction of PS severity. Data regarding heart murmur and ECG analysis were gathered. Ninety-seven dogs with PS were included. A murmur grade ≥IV/VI was predictive of severe PS (area under curve (AUC) = 0.71; sensitivity (Se) = 95%; specificity (Sp) = 33%; p = 0.003). In lead II, P wave amplitude >0.35 mV (AUC = 0.67; Se = 31%; Sp = 100%; p = 0.038), Q wave < 0.15 mV (AUC = 0.70; Se = 70%; Sp = 59%; p = 0.0015), R wave < 0.87 mV (AUC = 0.66; Se = 67%; Sp = 69%; p = 0.006), and S wave > 0.37 mV (AUC = 0.80; Se = 72%; Sp = 85%; p < 0.0001) were predictive of severe PS. The extent of right deviation of the mean electrical axis of the QRS complex was correlated with the pulmonary pressure gradient (r = 0.648; p < 0.0001). In conclusion, a systolic murmur with intensity ≥IV/VI, a P wave amplitude >0.35 mV, low amplitude of Q and R waves, deep S waves in lead II, and right axis deviation of the QRS complex in a young dog are predictive of severe PS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Right Heart Diseases in Veterinary Science)
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10 pages, 1022 KiB  
Case Report
Percutaneous Balloon Dilation in Two Dogs with Cor Triatriatum Dexter
by Valentina Patata, Tommaso Vezzosi, Giulia Calogero, Marta Croce, Helena Broch, Federica Marchesotti, Martina Bini and Oriol Domenech
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(8), 419; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9080419 - 8 Aug 2022
Viewed by 2103
Abstract
Percutaneous balloon dilation was performed in a Rhodesian Ridgeback and in an American Staffordshire Terrier affected by cor triatriatum dexter (CTD). Both cases had ascites without jugular venous distension or pleural effusion. In both dogs the CTD presented a perforated membrane but with [...] Read more.
Percutaneous balloon dilation was performed in a Rhodesian Ridgeback and in an American Staffordshire Terrier affected by cor triatriatum dexter (CTD). Both cases had ascites without jugular venous distension or pleural effusion. In both dogs the CTD presented a perforated membrane but with different morphology: in one case the coronary sinus entered the caudal chamber of the CTD together with the caudal vena cava. In the other case, the coronary sinus communicated with the cranial chamber of the CTD together with the cranial vena cava. Percutaneous balloon dilation of the CTD was successfully performed, and both dogs had uneventful surgery recoveries. At two years of follow-up, the dogs were free from clinical signs and cardiac medication. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Right Heart Diseases in Veterinary Science)
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7 pages, 3103 KiB  
Case Report
Abnormalities of External Jugular Veins in Bulldogs with Pulmonary Valve Stenosis
by Marta Croce, Tommaso Vezzosi, Federica Marchesotti, Valentina Patata, Martina Bini, Giuseppe Lacava, Luigi Venco and Oriol Domenech
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(7), 359; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9070359 - 15 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2375
Abstract
Two French bulldogs and one English bulldog affected by pulmonary valve stenosis and referred for pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty were diagnosed with different abnormalities of the external jugular veins. The diagnosis included unilateral absence of the right external jugular vein and bilateral hypoplasia of [...] Read more.
Two French bulldogs and one English bulldog affected by pulmonary valve stenosis and referred for pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty were diagnosed with different abnormalities of the external jugular veins. The diagnosis included unilateral absence of the right external jugular vein and bilateral hypoplasia of the external jugular veins, associated with persistent left cranial vena cava. Vascular ultrasound and computed tomography were used for the diagnosis. Jugular vein anomalies can affect decision-making regarding the central venous catheterization needed to perform procedures such as pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty or central catheter placement. Based on the results of the present case series, anomalies of external jugular veins should be considered in French and English bulldogs when the external jugular veins cannot be palpated or when echocardiography shows coronary sinus dilation. Vascular ultrasound or computed tomography may help identify jugular venous anomalies and should be considered in the preoperative evaluation of bulldogs that need to undergo interventional procedures requiring transjugular catheterization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Right Heart Diseases in Veterinary Science)
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