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The Role of Host Cell-Mediated Immune Response in Hemorrhagic Fever...
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The Role of Host Cell-Mediated Immune Response in Hemorrhagic Fever Diseases

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2019) | Viewed by 23658

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Alexander N. Freiberg

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA
Interests: emerging infectious diseases; henipaviruses; bunyaviruses; filoviruses; virus–host interaction; antiviral therapeutics; vaccines; viral encephalitis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) can be caused by viruses belonging to several different families of RNA viruses, including arenaviruses, bunyaviruses, filoviruses, and flaviviruses and is characterized by vascular leakage, coagulation abnormalities, decreased plasma volume, and varying degrees of hemorrhage. Studies have demonstrated that suppression of innate immunity can play a critical role in disease development as activation of the mononuclear phagocytic system can result in secretion of pathologic concentrations of cytokines and chemokines, and adaptive immune responses are potentially impaired by infected dendritic cells failing to undergo maturation. Ultimately, injury of the endothelium and coagulopathy are thought to be caused by inflammatory responses and uncontrolled viral replication. However, the specific molecular mechanisms contributing to disease process of VHF remain poorly understood.

In this Special Issue of Vaccines entitled “The Role of Host Cell-Mediated Immune Response in Hemorrhagic Fever Diseases”, the goal is to assemble publications disseminating current knowledge and research on the interplay between host and hemorrhagic fever viruses, and how this interaction drives infection, pathogenesis, and disease outcome. We welcome research papers and review articles that focus, without being limited to, topics on immune responses to hemorrhagic fever virus infection, virus–host cell interactions, pathogenesis, animal models, vaccine development and novel approaches in medical countermeasure development.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Alexander N. Freiberg
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Hemorrhagic fever viruses
  • Antiviral response
  • Innate immune responses
  • Adaptive immune responses
  • Disease mechanisms
  • Animal models

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

16 pages, 857 KiB  
Review
Differential Immune Responses to Hemorrhagic Fever-Causing Arenaviruses
by Emily Mantlo, Slobodan Paessler and Cheng Huang
Vaccines 2019, 7(4), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7040138 - 2 Oct 2019
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4576
Abstract
The family Arenaviridae contains several pathogens of major clinical importance. The Old World (OW) arenavirus Lassa virus is endemic in West Africa and is estimated to cause up to 300,000 infections each year. The New World (NW) arenaviruses Junín and Machupo periodically cause [...] Read more.
The family Arenaviridae contains several pathogens of major clinical importance. The Old World (OW) arenavirus Lassa virus is endemic in West Africa and is estimated to cause up to 300,000 infections each year. The New World (NW) arenaviruses Junín and Machupo periodically cause hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in South America. While these arenaviruses are highly pathogenic in humans, recent evidence indicates that pathogenic OW and NW arenaviruses interact with the host immune system differently, which may have differential impacts on viral pathogenesis. Severe Lassa fever cases are characterized by profound immunosuppression. In contrast, pathogenic NW arenavirus infections are accompanied by elevated levels of Type I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This review aims to summarize recent findings about interactions of these pathogenic arenaviruses with the innate immune machinery and the subsequent effects on adaptive immunity, which may inform the development of vaccines and therapeutics against arenavirus infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Host Cell-Mediated Immune Response in Hemorrhagic Fever Diseases)
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21 pages, 3145 KiB  
Review
Immune Modulation and Immune-Mediated Pathogenesis of Emerging Tickborne Banyangviruses
by Crystal A. Mendoza, Hideki Ebihara and Satoko Yamaoka
Vaccines 2019, 7(4), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7040125 - 20 Sep 2019
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 7339
Abstract
In the last decade, the emergence of several, novel tickborne viruses have caused significant disease in humans. Of interest are the tickborne banyangviruses: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), Heartland virus (HRTV), and Guertu virus (GTV). SFTSV and HRTV infection in humans [...] Read more.
In the last decade, the emergence of several, novel tickborne viruses have caused significant disease in humans. Of interest are the tickborne banyangviruses: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), Heartland virus (HRTV), and Guertu virus (GTV). SFTSV and HRTV infection in humans cause viral hemorrhagic fever-like disease leading to mortality rates ranging from 6–30% of the cases. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) associated with SFTSV infection is hypothesized to contribute significantly to pathology seen in patients. Despite the severe disease caused by HRTV and SFTSV, there are no approved therapeutics or vaccines. Investigation of the immune response during and following infection is critical to the generation of fully protective vaccines and/or supportive treatments, and overall understanding of viral immune evasion mechanisms may aid in the development of a new class of therapeutics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Host Cell-Mediated Immune Response in Hemorrhagic Fever Diseases)
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29 pages, 1993 KiB  
Review
T-Cell Response to Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
by Federico Perdomo-Celis, Maria S. Salvato, Sandra Medina-Moreno and Juan C. Zapata
Vaccines 2019, 7(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7010011 - 22 Jan 2019
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 10563
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF) are a group of clinically similar diseases that can be caused by enveloped RNA viruses primarily from the families Arenaviridae, Filoviridae, Hantaviridae, and Flaviviridae. Clinically, this group of diseases has in common fever, fatigue, dizziness, [...] Read more.
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF) are a group of clinically similar diseases that can be caused by enveloped RNA viruses primarily from the families Arenaviridae, Filoviridae, Hantaviridae, and Flaviviridae. Clinically, this group of diseases has in common fever, fatigue, dizziness, muscle aches, and other associated symptoms that can progress to vascular leakage, bleeding and multi-organ failure. Most of these viruses are zoonotic causing asymptomatic infections in the primary host, but in human beings, the infection can be lethal. Clinical and experimental evidence suggest that the T-cell response is needed for protection against VHF, but can also cause damage to the host, and play an important role in disease pathogenesis. Here, we present a review of the T-cell immune responses to VHF and insights into the possible ways to improve counter-measures for these viral agents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Host Cell-Mediated Immune Response in Hemorrhagic Fever Diseases)
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