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Sustaining Occupant Well-Being: Thermal Comfort and Air Quality in Indoor Environments

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2026 | Viewed by 3617

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lučića 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: energy efficiency in buildings; smart buildings; model predictive control; smart grids; nearly zero energy buildings; air quality; passive heating and cooling strategies; thermal comfort; natural ventilation
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Guest Editor
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Prishtina, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
Interests: intelligent building controls; comfort studies; human-centered control; data-driven modelling; energy efficiency

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the pursuit of improved building performance, much of the existing research has focused on technology-oriented solutions, including smart systems and automation, for indoor environmental control. However, this strong emphasis on technology has often overshadowed the human element, leading to building designs and operations that may compromise occupant well-being. As a result, issues such as thermal discomfort and symptoms associated with “sick building syndrome” remain prevalent, even in technically advanced buildings. Moreover, the ways in which occupants perceive and experience their indoor environments are rarely incorporated into performance assessments, despite their direct impact on satisfaction, productivity, and health. Recognizing this gap, the European Commission has introduced the Smart Readiness Indicator (SRI)—a metric designed to assess a building's intelligence in terms of energy performance, grid responsiveness, and, crucially, its adaptability to occupant needs. This includes, among others, ensuring a healthy indoor climate and considering occupant preferences and behaviors. Therefore, achieving a high SRI score requires not only advanced technology but also a deep understanding of occupant comfort, behavior, and well-being.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. We invite contributions that explore comfort perception, human-centered control strategies, and integrated approaches to indoor environmental quality. Special attention will be given to studies that address how building control systems and indoor environments affect occupant satisfaction and overall well-being. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Thermal comfort;
  • Indoor air quality;
  • Human-centered building control;
  • Occupant perception and behavior;
  • Multi-sensory comfort (including multiple comfort aspects such as thermal, IAQ, visual, etc.);
  • Impact of control strategies on well-being;
  • Post-occupancy evaluation and field studies.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Tea Zakula
Dr. Arlinda Bresa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thermal comfort
  • indoor air quality
  • human-centered building control
  • occupant perception
  • occupant well-being
  • multi-sensory comfort
  • post-occupancy evaluation

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 1783 KB  
Article
In Pursuit of Sustainable Well-Being: Articulating Place Attachment Through Multi-Sensory Spatial Qualities in Campus Environments
by Okan Şimşek and Ecem Kara
Sustainability 2026, 18(2), 1008; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18021008 - 19 Jan 2026
Viewed by 469
Abstract
Place attachment refers to the meaningful ties between individuals and their environments. In educational settings, multi-sensory spatial qualities enhance spatial experience and support long-term well-being. Yet, the relationship between place attachment and spatial qualities has not been sufficiently articulated from a sustainability perspective. [...] Read more.
Place attachment refers to the meaningful ties between individuals and their environments. In educational settings, multi-sensory spatial qualities enhance spatial experience and support long-term well-being. Yet, the relationship between place attachment and spatial qualities has not been sufficiently articulated from a sustainability perspective. This study investigates the associations between sensory spatial qualities and place attachment in educational settings. Accordingly, the study aims to achieve the following: (1) determine students’ place attachment scores, (2) assess multi-sensory spatial qualities in educational spaces, and (3) examine their relationship to support sustainable well-being. The empirical phase employs synchronic methodology conducted with 70 architecture students in the educational spaces of the Department of Architecture at ATU. Place attachment scores were measured via the Place Attachment to University Scale, and sensory spatial qualities were recorded on-site. The relationship is analyzed through Spearman’s correlation, linear regression, and hierarchical regression analyses. Spearman’s correlation indicates significant associations between place attachment and thermal (r = 0.312; p = 0.0086) and visual (r = −0.297; p = 0.0124) qualities. Multiple linear regression shows that thermal (β = 0.466; p = 0.001) and visual qualities (β = −0.0016; p < 0.001) are associated with place attachment. Hierarchical regression reveals that adding multi-sensory spatial variables results in a significant increase in explained variance (ΔR2 = 0.118; p < 0.001) beyond exposure-related factors (R2 = 0.685). These findings demonstrate the contribution of multi-sensory spatial quality to sustainable well-being and its alignment with sustainability-oriented educational environments. Full article
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16 pages, 2496 KB  
Article
A Comparative Analysis of Thermal Discomfort Assessment Approaches in Residential Buildings Under Different Solar Orientations and Use Patterns
by Kácia Henderson Barbosa, Taylana Piccinini Scolaro and Enedir Ghisi
Sustainability 2026, 18(2), 892; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18020892 - 15 Jan 2026
Viewed by 410
Abstract
In horizontal condominiums, where standardised designs are often implemented without considering the surroundings, thermal discomfort can be significant. This study compares two thermal discomfort assessment approaches (mean degree-hour and bioclimatic chart) using computer simulations in the EnergyPlus programme, considering different building solar orientations [...] Read more.
In horizontal condominiums, where standardised designs are often implemented without considering the surroundings, thermal discomfort can be significant. This study compares two thermal discomfort assessment approaches (mean degree-hour and bioclimatic chart) using computer simulations in the EnergyPlus programme, considering different building solar orientations and use patterns. The comparison of approaches allowed the annual percentage of time outside the comfort zone to be quantified. According to the bioclimatic chart, in the most critical room, the proportion of discomfort hours was 16.2%, which could be reduced to 12.3% by changing the solar orientation. According to the mean degree-hour approach, the room with the highest discomfort registered 1.8 mean degree-hours, a value that could decrease to 0.91 by changing the solar orientation. However, it was observed that the use patterns of the rooms may limit the potential for reducing discomfort. Overall, both approaches indicated that north and south orientations tend to lead to less discomfort. However, in some cases, the bioclimatic chart identified east, northeast, and southeast orientations as more suitable alternatives. The differences between the methods were mainly attributed to the parameters adopted by each approach. By analysing different thermal comfort assessment approaches, the study highlights how methodological choices influence the interpretation of thermal discomfort while confirming that solar orientation remains a relevant passive strategy whose effectiveness depends on room use patterns, thereby supporting occupants’ well-being and contributing to environmental and energy sustainability in residential buildings. Full article
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