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Processes
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Advances of Redox Status in Disease
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Advances of Redox Status in Disease

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Biological Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 18155

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alessandro Trentini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Interests: redox markers; antioxidants; cardiovascular diseases; neurodegenerative diseases; inflammation; matrix metalloproteinases; gender medicine
Dr. Maria Cristina Manfrinato

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Interests: oxidative stress; inflammation; matrix metalloproteinases; neurodegenerative disorders; gender medicine
Prof. Dr. Tiziana Bellini

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Interests: oxidative stress; inflammation; matrix metalloproteinases; neurodegenerative disorders; gender medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oxidants are considered a double-edged sword. On the one hand, a fine-tuned basal level is indispensable for redox signaling and cell homeostasis, promoting adaptations to new challenging environments. On the other hand, an uncontrolled production of oxidants can be detrimental for an organism, establishing a condition commonly known as Oxidative Stress (OxS). This complicated picture is further aggravated by the interdependent relationship existing between OxS and inflammation, which may have been at least partially responsible for the failure of past antioxidant clinical trials. Therefore, complete knowledge of both oxidant status and inflammation during a pathological condition could be essential for the selection of the right therapy and adjuvant antioxidants as well. Considering this point and the involvement of both OxS and inflammation in the pathogenesis of many clinical conditions (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic conditions, and tumors), it urges one to advance the knowledge on redox status and inflammation in diseases.

On these bases, we invite you to submit your latest research findings or review articles to this Special Issue, which is focused on the assessment of redox status in pathologic human conditions and, if possible, of the underlying inflammation. Both in vitro and in vivo studies relating to these topics will be suitable for the current Issue. We look forward to your contribution.

Dr. Alessandro Trentini
Dr. Maria Cristina Manfrinato
Prof. Dr. Tiziana Bellini
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oxidative stress
  • antioxidants
  • inflammation
  • human diseases
  • redox status

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1959 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Parameters in Healthy Saddle Horses in Relation to Housing Conditions, Presence of Stereotypies, Age, Sex and Breed
by Luca Molinari, Giuseppina Basini, Roberto Ramoni, Simona Bussolati, Raffaella Aldigeri, Stefano Grolli, Simone Bertini and Fausto Quintavalla
Processes 2020, 8(12), 1670; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8121670 - 17 Dec 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2408
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of many horse diseases and it has been shown that housing has important implications for the psychophysical well-being of horses. The aim of this study is to determine if there are any differences between [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of many horse diseases and it has been shown that housing has important implications for the psychophysical well-being of horses. The aim of this study is to determine if there are any differences between the redox status in horses in relation to housing conditions. The four housing conditions analyzed were: single box, without external access and without contact (Cat A), single box with external access and possibility of partial contact (Cat B), group housing with box and large paddock (Cat C), pasture with more than 7 horses and the possibility of green forage for the whole year (Cat D). A group of 117 healthy horses were selected in several private stables in Northern Italy. All subjects treated with any type of drug were excluded. At the end of the enrollment, the 117 selected horses were divided into the four housing categories. Stereotypies were highest in the group of horses in single box, without external access and without contact (Cat A). Oxidative stress was evaluated by testing plasma or serum samples for the following parameters: superoxide anion (WST), nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (d-ROMs), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Simultaneously with the blood sampling, the owners completed a questionnaire with all the management aspects of the horse (signaling, feeding, equestrian activity, vaccinations, foot management etc.). The statistical evaluation was carried out based on the categories previously described, on the presence and absence of stereotypies and on some signaling data obtained from the questionnaire. There were no significant differences in the parameters analyzed between the categories. No significant redox status differences were detected based on the presence or absence of stereotypies. Interestingly, when the age was introduced as selection (<14 and >14 years old) parameter inside the categories, statistical significance was observed for some of the stress markers considered. Finally, independently of the housing conditions, the horses of the most two represented breeds exhibited different values of FRAP. All these aspects are commented in the discussion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Redox Status in Disease)
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8 pages, 1205 KiB  
Communication
Oxidant–Antioxidant Status in Canine Multicentric Lymphoma and Primary Cutaneous Mastocytoma
by Andrea Cucchi, Roberto Ramoni, Giuseppina Basini, Simona Bussolati and Fausto Quintavalla
Processes 2020, 8(7), 802; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8070802 - 08 Jul 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2020
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a prominent event in several acute and chronic diseases including neoplasia. Although its direct involvement in carcinogenesis still remains to be clearly defined, a deeper knowledge of oxidative stress in oncologic patients could help to monitor their clinical outcome and [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress is a prominent event in several acute and chronic diseases including neoplasia. Although its direct involvement in carcinogenesis still remains to be clearly defined, a deeper knowledge of oxidative stress in oncologic patients could help to monitor their clinical outcome and to develop new therapeutic approaches. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to explore redox status in blood of neoplastic dogs affected either by multicentric lymphoma or by primary cutaneous mastocytoma. Superoxide anion (O2 •−), nitric oxide (NO) and hydroperoxides (ROOH) were measured. Detoxifying enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP)) were assessed. The oxidative stress index (OSi) both for enzymatic (OSiE) and non-enzymatic (OSiNE) scavengers were evaluated. Both pathologies, showed a reduced NO generation, while O2 •− levels were decreased only in mastocytoma. The oxidative stress indexes showed a significant decrease in mastocytoma patients, only for OSiE. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Redox Status in Disease)
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Review

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21 pages, 5477 KiB  
Review
Biomolecular Modifications Linked to Oxidative Stress in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Determining Promising Biomarkers Related to Oxidative Stress
by Takashi Hosaka, Hiroshi Tsuji and Akira Tamaoka
Processes 2021, 9(9), 1667; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9091667 - 15 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2854
Abstract
Reduction–oxidation reactions are essential to cellular homeostasis. Oxidative stress transcends physiological antioxidative system damage to biomolecules, including nucleic acids and proteins, and modifies their structures. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common adult-onset motor neuron disease. The cells present in the central [...] Read more.
Reduction–oxidation reactions are essential to cellular homeostasis. Oxidative stress transcends physiological antioxidative system damage to biomolecules, including nucleic acids and proteins, and modifies their structures. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common adult-onset motor neuron disease. The cells present in the central nervous system, including motor neurons, are vulnerable to oxidative stress. Neurodegeneration has been demonstrated to be caused by oxidative biomolecular modifications. Oxidative stress has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of ALS. Recent progress in research on the underlying mechanisms of oxidative stress in ALS has led to the development of disease-modifying therapies, including edaravone. However, the clinical effects of edaravone remain limited, and ALS is a heretofore incurable disease. The reason for the lack of reliable biomarkers and the precise underlying mechanisms between oxidative stress and ALS remain unclear. As extracellular proteins and RNAs present in body fluids and represent intracellular pathological neurodegenerative processes, extracellular proteins and/or RNAs are predicted to promise diagnosis, prediction of disease course, and therapeutic biomarkers for ALS. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms between oxidative stress and ALS, and promising biomarkers indicating the mechanism to determine whether therapy targeting oxidative stress can be fundamental for ALS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Redox Status in Disease)
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16 pages, 879 KiB  
Review
The Role of Oxidative Stress and the Importance of miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in the Development of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
by Malgorzata Mrowicka, Jerzy Mrowicki, Ewa Kucharska, Barbara Smigielska, Jacek Pawel Szaflik, Jerzy Szaflik and Ireneusz Majsterek
Processes 2021, 9(8), 1328; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9081328 - 30 Jul 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2090
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the primary cause of blindness in developed countries. With the progressive aging of the population, AMD is a significant ophthalmological problem in the population over 50 years of age. The etiology of AMD is known to be based [...] Read more.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the primary cause of blindness in developed countries. With the progressive aging of the population, AMD is a significant ophthalmological problem in the population over 50 years of age. The etiology of AMD is known to be based on various biochemical, immunological and molecular pathways and to be influenced by a range of genetic and environmental elements. This review provides an overview of the pathophysiological role of oxidative stress and free radicals in the retina with a special focus on the DNA repair efficiency and enzymatic antioxidant defense. It also presents a correlation between miRNA profile and AMD, and indicates their involvement in inflammation, angiogenesis, increased oxidation of cellular components, enzymatic antioxidant capacity and DNA repair efficiency, which play particularly important roles in AMD pathogenesis. Gene silencing by miRNAs can induce changes in antioxidant enzymes, leading to a complex interplay between redox imbalance by free radicals and miRNAs in modulating cellular redox homeostasis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Redox Status in Disease)
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17 pages, 898 KiB  
Review
Redox Effects of Molecular Hydrogen and Its Therapeutic Efficacy in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases
by Md. Habibur Rahman, Johny Bajgai, Ailyn Fadriquela, Subham Sharma, Thuy Trinh Thi, Rokeya Akter, Seong Hoon Goh, Cheol-Su Kim and Kyu-Jae Lee
Processes 2021, 9(2), 308; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9020308 - 06 Feb 2021
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 7568
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) and neuroinflammatory stress affect many neurological disorders. Despite the clinical significance of oxidative damage in neurological disorders, still, no effective and safe treatment methods for neuro diseases are available. With this, molecular hydrogen (H2) has been recently reported [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress (OS) and neuroinflammatory stress affect many neurological disorders. Despite the clinical significance of oxidative damage in neurological disorders, still, no effective and safe treatment methods for neuro diseases are available. With this, molecular hydrogen (H2) has been recently reported as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent to treat several oxidative stress-related diseases. In animal and human clinical trials, the routes for H2 administration are mainly categorized into three types: H2 gas inhalation, H2 water dissolving, and H2-dissolved saline injection. This review explores some significant progress in research on H2 use in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, neonatal disorders of the brain, and other NDs (retinal ischemia and traumatic brain injury). Even though most neurological problems are not currently curable, these studies have shown the therapeutic potential for prevention, treatment, and mitigation of H2 administration. Several possible H2-effectors, including cell signaling molecules and hormones, which prevent OS and inflammation, will also be addressed. However, more clinical and other related studies are required to evaluate the direct H2 target molecule. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Redox Status in Disease)
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