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Processes
Special Issues
Environmental Catalysis and Air Pollution Control
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Environmental Catalysis and Air Pollution Control

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Catalysis Enhanced Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 26819

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Zhiming Liu

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Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
Interests: heterogeneous catalysis; air pollution control; nanomaterials; reaction mechanism
Prof. Dr. Chi He

grade E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
Interests: environmental catalysis; air pollution control technology and functional nanomaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Air quality is closely related to our health, and air pollution control is necessary to meet regulatory standards, reduce health risks, and benefit the environment. Environmental catalysis plays a key role in air pollution control, and the catalytic removal of typical air pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and CO, is a hot topic. Different catalytic techniques and different catalysts are needed to control the emissions from a wide variety of mobile and stationary source processes. As the emission regulations become more and more stringent around the world, the development of advanced catalytic technology and novel catalysts becomes more desirable. Different characterization methods can provide insights into the chemistry occurring within catalysts and help understand how surface chemistry impacts performance, thus shedding light on the design of active, selective, and durable environmental catalysts.

This Special Issue on “Environmental Catalysis and Air Pollution Control” aims to discuss the advances in environmental catalysis for air pollution control among leading researchers and to suggest future directions for development. Topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Automotive exhaust catalysts;
  • Catalytic removal of VOCs;
  • DeNOx catalysts;
  • Photocatalysis.

Prof. Dr. Zhiming Liu
Prof. Dr. Chi He
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nitrogen oxides
  • VOCs
  • automotive exhaust
  • catalytic oxidation
  • SCR catalyst
  • greenhouse gas

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Published Papers (12 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 115 KiB  
Editorial
Advances and Challenges in Environmental Catalysis and Air Pollution Control
by Zhiming Liu and Chi He
Processes 2025, 13(4), 992; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13040992 - 26 Mar 2025
Viewed by 161
Abstract
Air quality is closely related to human health, and the control of air pollution through environmental catalysis has garnered increasing attention [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Catalysis and Air Pollution Control)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

16 pages, 5644 KiB  
Article
Collaborative Effect of In-Plasma Catalysis with Sequential Na2SO3 Wet Scrubbing on Co-Elimination of NOx and VOCs from Simulated Sinter Flue Gas
by Juexiu Li, Rui Zhao, Maiqi Sun, Qixu Shi, Mingzhu Zhao, Junmei Zhang, Yue Liu and Jinping Jia
Processes 2023, 11(10), 2916; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11102916 - 5 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1747
Abstract
Sinter flue gas produced by the iron-ore sinter process in steel plants is characterized by a large gas volume and complex components. Among the major air pollutants, preliminary emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) exhibit an inevitable contribution to [...] Read more.
Sinter flue gas produced by the iron-ore sinter process in steel plants is characterized by a large gas volume and complex components. Among the major air pollutants, preliminary emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) exhibit an inevitable contribution to secondary aerosol and ozone formation. Herein, oxidation–absorption collaborative technology for in-plasma catalysis with sequential Na2SO3 wet scrubbing, aiming at co-elimination of NOx and VOCs from sinter flue gas, is proposed. Experimental parameters, including plasma discharge status, NO initial concentration, gas feed flux, Na2SO3 concentration, pH value, and absorption ions, were systematically investigated. The VOC and NOx removal performance of the integrated system was further investigated by taking simulated sinter flue gas as model pollutants. The results showed that the collaborative system has satisfactory performance for TVOC and NO removal rates for the effective oxidation of in-plasma catalysis and Na2SO3 absorption. The integration of plasma catalysis with Na2SO3 scrubbing could be an alternative technology for the co-elimination of sinter flue gas multi-compounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Catalysis and Air Pollution Control)
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14 pages, 4276 KiB  
Article
The Promoting Effect of Metal Vacancy on CoAl Hydrotalcite-Derived Oxides for the Catalytic Oxidation of Formaldehyde
by Yimeng Chen, Shunzheng Zhao, Fengyu Gao, Qingjun Yu, Yuansong Zhou, Xiaolong Tang and Honghong Yi
Processes 2023, 11(7), 2154; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11072154 - 19 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1407
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a major harmful volatile organic compound (VOC) that is particularly detrimental to human health indoors. Therefore, effectively eliminating formaldehyde is of paramount importance to ensure indoor air quality. In this study, CoAl hydrotalcite (LDH) was prepared using the co-precipitation method [...] Read more.
Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a major harmful volatile organic compound (VOC) that is particularly detrimental to human health indoors. Therefore, effectively eliminating formaldehyde is of paramount importance to ensure indoor air quality. In this study, CoAl hydrotalcite (LDH) was prepared using the co-precipitation method and transformed into composite metal oxides (LDO) through calcination. Additionally, a metal Al vacancy was constructed on the surface of the composite metal oxides (EX-LDO and EX-LDO/NF) using an alkaline etching technique. SEM demonstrated the successful loading of CoAl-LDO onto nickel foam surfaces (LDO/NF), and an extended etching time resulted in a greater number of porous structures in the samples. XRD confirmed the successful synthesis of the precursor materials, CoAl hydrotalcite (CoAl-LDH) and CoAl layered double oxides (CoAl-LDO). EDS analysis confirmed a reduction in aluminum content after alkaline etching. XPS analysis verified the presence of abundant Co2+ and surface oxygen as crucial factors contributing to the catalyst’s excellent catalytic activity. The experimental results indicated that catalysts containing metal cation vacancies exhibited superior catalytic performance in formaldehyde oxidation compared to conventional hydrotalcite-derived composite oxides. H2-TPR confirmed a significant enhancement in the participation of lattice oxygen in the catalytic oxidation reaction; it was found that the proportion of surface lattice oxygen consumption by the E5-LDO catalyst (30.2%) is higher than that of the LDO catalyst (23.4%), and the proportion of surface lattice oxygen consumption by the E1-LDO/NF catalyst (27.5%) is higher than that of the LDO/NF catalyst (14.6%), suggesting that cation vacancies can activate the surface lattice oxygen of the material, thereby facilitating improved catalytic activity. This study not only reveals the critical role of surface lattice oxygen in catalytic oxidation activity, but also aids in the further development of novel catalysts for efficient room-temperature oxidation of HCHO. Moreover, it provides possibilities for developing high-performance catalysts through surface modification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Catalysis and Air Pollution Control)
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13 pages, 3301 KiB  
Article
To Promote the Catalytic Ozonation of Typical VOCs by Modifying NiO with Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide
by Chenguang An, Xinxin Jiang, Wei Hong, Ye Sun and Tianle Zhu
Processes 2023, 11(7), 1893; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11071893 - 23 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1481
Abstract
A series of mesoporous NiO catalysts with high specific surface area were prepared by a simple hydrothermal method and modified by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the crystal structure directing regent. The characterization with SEM, XRD, BET, and H2-TPR results demonstrated that [...] Read more.
A series of mesoporous NiO catalysts with high specific surface area were prepared by a simple hydrothermal method and modified by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the crystal structure directing regent. The characterization with SEM, XRD, BET, and H2-TPR results demonstrated that the introduction of CTAB effectively improved the dispersion, specific surface area, and pore volume and redox ability of NiO, and thus exposed more active sites. Meanwhile, the NiO catalyst with a CTAB/NiSO4·6H2O molar ratio of 2/3 exhibited the better catalytic ozonation performance of toluene, formaldehyde, methanol, and ethyl acetate than NiO. The in-situ DRIFTS elucidated the reaction path of catalytic ozonation of toluene and indicated that the introduction of CTAB facilitated the complete oxidation of by-products into CO2 and H2O. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Catalysis and Air Pollution Control)
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14 pages, 3872 KiB  
Article
Catalytic Oxidation of NO by Ozone over Mn-Ce/Al2O3/TiO2 Catalyst
by Hong Shen, Zijun Tang, Xiang Xiao, Haiwen Wu, Hang Zhou, Ping Fang, Dingfang Zhu and Jianhua Ge
Processes 2022, 10(10), 1946; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10101946 - 27 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1893
Abstract
In this study, Mn-Ce/Al2O3/TiO2 catalyst prepared by impregnation method was used for synergistic O3 oxidation NO. The catalyst prepared by impregnating Al2O3/TiO2 at a Mn:Ce molar ratio of 4:1 showed the best [...] Read more.
In this study, Mn-Ce/Al2O3/TiO2 catalyst prepared by impregnation method was used for synergistic O3 oxidation NO. The catalyst prepared by impregnating Al2O3/TiO2 at a Mn:Ce molar ratio of 4:1 showed the best catalytic activity. The catalyst performance showed that when the molar ratio of Mn:Ce was 4:1 and the volume ratio of O3:NO was 1:4, the removal rate of NO could reach 63%, which could increase the removal rate by 40% compared with that of NO oxidized by O3 alone. BET, XRD, and TEM characterization results showed that when the molar ratio of Mn:Ce was 4:1, the catalyst specific surface area, and pore capacity were the largest. A large amount of MnOx and CeOx were distributed on the catalyst surface. The XPS analysis showed that the oxidation-reduction and oxygen vacancy of Mn (IV)/Mn (III)/Mn (II) and Ce (IV)/Ce (III), had a synergistic effect on the decomposition of O3 into reactive oxygen species(O*), thus improving the catalytic capacity of Mn-Ce/Al2O3/TiO2 catalyst for O3. The O2-TPD analysis showed that the oxygen vacancies and oxygen species in the catalyst could be used as the active point of decomposition of O3 into O*. The experimental results show that the prepared catalyst can significantly improve the efficiency of ozone oxidation of NO and reduce the amount of ozone. The catalyst can be applied to ozone oxidation denitrification technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Catalysis and Air Pollution Control)
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13 pages, 2850 KiB  
Article
Deactivation of Pd/SSZ-13 by Potassium and Water for Passive NOx Adsorption
by Chi Fan, Jinxing Mi, Qin Wu, Jianjun Chen and Junhua Li
Processes 2022, 10(2), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10020222 - 25 Jan 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2643
Abstract
The passive NOx adsorber (PNA) material has been considered an effective candidate for the control of NOx from diesel exhaust during the engine cold start stage, and Pd/SSZ-13 attracts peoples’ attention mainly due to its superior hydrothermal stability and sulfur resistance. [...] Read more.
The passive NOx adsorber (PNA) material has been considered an effective candidate for the control of NOx from diesel exhaust during the engine cold start stage, and Pd/SSZ-13 attracts peoples’ attention mainly due to its superior hydrothermal stability and sulfur resistance. However, chemical poisoning tolerance of Pd/SSZ-13 is another key parameter to its practical application and future development. Herein, we prepared potassium-loaded Pd/SSZ-13 and evaluated the influence on NOx adsorption ability. The characterization results revealed that the loading of potassium could not destruct the structure of SSZ-13 but impaired the BET surface area and pore structure through the sintering of Pd species to PdO. Meanwhile, the grown PdO phase restrained the NOx adsorption ability and promoted the generation of NO2 at high temperatures. Moreover, the presence of H2O could also impair the NOx adsorption ability due to the competitive adsorption between H2O and NOx. This work verifies that the design of Pd/SSZ-13 sample with stable Pd species and excellent hydrophobicity is significant for its further application under harsh conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Catalysis and Air Pollution Control)
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14 pages, 5312 KiB  
Article
Highly Active CuO/KCC−1 Catalysts for Low-Temperature CO Oxidation
by Yiwei Luo, Yonglong Li, Conghui Wang, Jing Wang, Wenming Liu, Honggen Peng and Daishe Wu
Processes 2022, 10(1), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10010145 - 11 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2371
Abstract
Copper catalysts have been extensively studied for CO oxidation at low temperatures. Previous findings on the stability of such catalysts, on the other hand, revealed that they deactivated badly under extreme circumstances. Therefore, in this work, a series of KCC−1-supported copper oxide catalysts [...] Read more.
Copper catalysts have been extensively studied for CO oxidation at low temperatures. Previous findings on the stability of such catalysts, on the other hand, revealed that they deactivated badly under extreme circumstances. Therefore, in this work, a series of KCC−1-supported copper oxide catalysts were successfully prepared by impregnation method, of which 5% CuO/KCC−1 exhibited the best activity: CO could be completely converted at 120 °C. The 5% CuO/KCC−1 catalyst exhibited better thermal stability, which is mainly attributed to the large specific surface area of KCC−1 that facilitates the high dispersion of CuO species, and because the dendritic layered walls can lengthen the movement distances from particle-to-particle, thus helping to slow down the tendency of active components to sinter. In addition, the 5% CuO/KCC−1 has abundant mesoporous and surface active oxygen species, which are beneficial to the mass transfer and promote the adsorption of CO and the decomposition of Cu+–CO species, thus improving the CO oxidation performance of the catalyst. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Catalysis and Air Pollution Control)
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13 pages, 4104 KiB  
Article
Preparation of K Modified Three-Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous MnCeOx/Ti0.7Si0.3O2 Catalysts and Their Catalytic Performance for Soot Combustion
by Chunlei Zhang, Di Yu, Chao Peng, Lanyi Wang, Xiaoqiang Fan, Xuehua Yu and Zhen Zhao
Processes 2021, 9(7), 1149; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9071149 - 30 Jun 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2333
Abstract
Soot particles in diesel engine exhaust is one of the main reasons for hazy weather and elimination of them is urgent for environmental protection. At present, it is still a challenge to develop new catalysts with high efficiency and low cost. In this [...] Read more.
Soot particles in diesel engine exhaust is one of the main reasons for hazy weather and elimination of them is urgent for environmental protection. At present, it is still a challenge to develop new catalysts with high efficiency and low cost. In this paper, a kind of K modified three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) MnCeOx/Ti0.7Si0.3O2 catalysts are designed and synthesized by a sample method. Due to the macroporous structure and synergistic effect of K, Mn, and Ce, the KnMnCeOx/Ti0.7Si0.3O2 (KnMnCeOx/M-TSO) catalysts exhibit good catalytic performance for soot combustion. The catalytic activity of K0.5MnCeOx/M-TSO was the best, and the T10, T50, and T90 are 287, 336, and 367 °C, respectively. After the prepared catalyst was doped with K, the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance changed significantly. In addition, the K0.5MnCeOx/M-TSO catalyst also somewhat exhibits sulfur tolerance owing to it containing Ti. Because of its simple synthesis, high activity, and low cost, the prepared KnMnCeOx/M-TSO catalysts are regarded as a promising candidate for application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Catalysis and Air Pollution Control)
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7 pages, 1107 KiB  
Article
High Temperature Adsorption of SO2 on Mixed Oxides Derived from CaAl Hydrotalcite-Like Compounds
by Hailin Wang, Run Hao, Meiping Gao, Zhongshen Zhang and Zhengping Hao
Processes 2021, 9(2), 325; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9020325 - 10 Feb 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2446
Abstract
SO2 which is usually emitted at high temperature is one of the most important air pollutants. It is of great significance to develop high temperature SO2 adsorbent with high efficiency and low cost. In this work, a series of hydrotalcite-like compound-derived [...] Read more.
SO2 which is usually emitted at high temperature is one of the most important air pollutants. It is of great significance to develop high temperature SO2 adsorbent with high efficiency and low cost. In this work, a series of hydrotalcite-like compound-derived CaAlO and CaXAlO(X = Ce, Co) were prepared by coprecipitation and calcination method, and were employed as adsorbents for SO2 adsorption at high temperature (700 °C). The structure and surface properties of these adsorbents were characterized by XRD, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Derivative thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) and CO2-TPD (temperature programmed desorption) measurement. Addition of a minor amount of Ce, Co (5 wt%) could significantly increase the number of weak alkalinity sites. CaO in CaCeAlO showed the best SO2 adsorption capacity of 1.34 g/g, which is two times higher than that of CaO in CaAlO (0.58 g/g). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Catalysis and Air Pollution Control)
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13 pages, 2332 KiB  
Article
Bimetallic Pt-Co Nanoparticle Deposited on Alumina for Simultaneous CO and Toluene Oxidation in the Presence of Moisture
by Peng Peng, Jun Li, Shengpeng Mo, Qi Zhang, Taiming Shen and Qinglin Xie
Processes 2021, 9(2), 230; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9020230 - 26 Jan 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2922
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HCs) generally have competitive adsorption on the active site of noble-metal nano-catalysts, thus developing an effective way to reduce the passivation of competitive reaction with each other is an urgent problem. In this study, we successfully synthesized transition [...] Read more.
Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HCs) generally have competitive adsorption on the active site of noble-metal nano-catalysts, thus developing an effective way to reduce the passivation of competitive reaction with each other is an urgent problem. In this study, we successfully synthesized transition metal-noble metal (Pt-M) alloys via introducing inexpensive metal elements (M = Ni, Co and Cu) into Pt particles and then deposited on alumina support to form Pt-based catalysts. Subsequently, we choose CO and toluene as polluting gases to evaluate the catalytic activities of Pt-M/Al2O3 catalysts. Introducing inexpensive metal elements (M = Ni, Co, and Cu) significantly changed the physicochemical properties and catalytic activities of these Pt-based catalysts. It can be found that the Pt-Co/Al2O3 catalyst exhibited outstanding catalytic activity for CO and toluene oxidation under mixed gas atmosphere, compared with other Pt-based catalysts, which is due to the higher dispersity, more surface adsorption oxygen, and well redox ability. Surprisingly, H2O could promote the catalytic activities for CO/toluene co-oxidation over the Pt-Co/Al2O3 catalyst. Thus, the present synthetic strategy not only opens an avenue towards the synthesis of noble metal-based catalysts, but also provides an excellent tolerance to H2O in the catalytic process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Catalysis and Air Pollution Control)
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21 pages, 5314 KiB  
Article
Chlorine-Resistant Hollow Nanosphere-Like VOx/CeO2 Catalysts for Highly Selective and Stable Destruction of 1,2-Dichloroethane: Byproduct Inhibition and Reaction Mechanism
by Yu Huang, Shiyue Fang, Mingjiao Tian, Zeyu Jiang, Yani Wu and Chi He
Processes 2021, 9(1), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9010119 - 7 Jan 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2689
Abstract
Developing economical and robust catalysts for the highly selective and stable destruction of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) is a great challenge. Here, hollow nanosphere-like VOx/CeO2 catalysts with different V/Ce molar ratios were fabricated and adopted for the destruction of1,2–dichloroethane [...] Read more.
Developing economical and robust catalysts for the highly selective and stable destruction of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) is a great challenge. Here, hollow nanosphere-like VOx/CeO2 catalysts with different V/Ce molar ratios were fabricated and adopted for the destruction of1,2–dichloroethane (1,2–DCE). The V0.05Ce catalyst possessed superior catalytic activity, reaction selectivity, and chlorine resistance owing to a large number of oxygen vacancies, excellent low-temperature redox ability, and chemically adsorbed oxygen (O− and O2−) species mobility. Typical chlorinated byproducts (CHCl3, CCl4, C2HCl3, and C2H3Cl3) derived from the cleavage of C–Cl and C–C bonds of 1,2–DCE were detected, which could be effectively inhibited by the abundant acid sites and the strong interactions of VOx species with CeO2. The presence of water vapor benefited the activation and deep destruction of 1,2–DCE over V0.05Ce owing to the efficient removal of Cl species from the catalyst surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Catalysis and Air Pollution Control)
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Review

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20 pages, 1363 KiB  
Review
Application of Stable Isotope Techniques in Tracing the Sources of Atmospheric NOX and Nitrate
by Shaosong Zhen, Min Luo, Yang Shao, Diandou Xu and Lingling Ma
Processes 2022, 10(12), 2549; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10122549 - 30 Nov 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2641
Abstract
Nitrate is an important component of PM2.5, and its dry deposition and wet deposition can have an impact on ecosystems. Nitrate in the atmosphere is mainly transformed by nitrogen oxides (NOX = NO + NO2) through a number [...] Read more.
Nitrate is an important component of PM2.5, and its dry deposition and wet deposition can have an impact on ecosystems. Nitrate in the atmosphere is mainly transformed by nitrogen oxides (NOX = NO + NO2) through a number of photochemical processes. For effective management of the atmosphere’s environment, it is crucial to understand the sources of atmospheric NOX and the processes that produce atmospheric nitrate. The stable isotope method is an effective analytical method for exploring the sources of NO3− in the atmosphere. This study discusses the range and causes of δ15N data from various sources of NOX emissions, provides the concepts of stable isotope techniques applied to NOX traceability, and introduces the use of Bayesian mixture models for the investigation of NOX sources. The combined application of δ15N and δ18O to determine the pathways of nitrate formation is summarized, and the contribution of Δ17O to the atmospheric nitrate formation pathway and the progress of combining Δ17O simulations to reveal the atmospheric oxidation characteristics of different regions are discussed, respectively. This paper highlights the application results and development trend of stable isotope techniques in nitrate traceability, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of stable isotope techniques in atmospheric NOX traceability, and looks forward to its future application in atmospheric nitrate pollution. The research results could provide data support for regional air pollution control measures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Catalysis and Air Pollution Control)
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