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Processes
Special Issues
New Technologies and Processing of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices
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New Technologies and Processing of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 11497

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Zhesheng Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Interests: low-dimensional materials; heterostructures electronic band structure; ultrafast electron dynamics; field effect transistor; photoelectric device
Dr. Wei Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
Interests: 2D materials; atomic structure; STM
Dr. Zailan Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Interests: superconductors; two dimensional semiconductors; phase transition; photo-detectors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Photoelectric functional materials and devices have seen significant advances in recent years, driven by the increasing demand for efficient and environmentally friendly energy sources. Photoelectric functional materials are materials that exhibit specific optical and electrical properties that enable them to convert light energy into electrical energy, or vice versa. These materials have important applications in various fields such as solar cells, photodetectors, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and optical communication. The continued progress in this field promises to revolutionize the way we generate and use energy, as well as the way we communicate and interact with the world around us.

This Special Issue on “New Technologies and Processing of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices” seeks high-quality works focusing on the latest functional materials for photoelectrical devices. Topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Perovskite materials;
  • Low-dimensional materials and heterostructures;
  • Organic materials;
  • Quantum dots;
  • Light-emitting diodes (LEDs);
  • Photodetectors;
  • Photovoltaic devices.

Prof. Dr. Zhesheng Chen
Dr. Wei Zhang
Dr. Zailan Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • perovskite materials
  • low-dimensional materials and heterostructures
  • organic materials
  • quantum dots
  • light-emitting diodes (LEDs)
  • photodetectors
  • photovoltaic devices

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 6069 KiB  
Article
High-Efficiency Photoresponse of Flexible Copper Oxide-Loaded Carbon Nanotube Buckypaper Under Direct and Gradient Visible Light Illumination
by Lakshmanan Saravanan, Wei-Cheng Tu, Hsin-Yuan Miao and Jih-Hsin Liu
Processes 2025, 13(1), 188; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13010188 - 10 Jan 2025
Viewed by 885
Abstract
This study used a direct dispersion and filtration technique to produce hybrid buckypaper (BP) composites of copper oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and entangled multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The photocurrent generation of the BP sheets under two different (direct and gradient) illumination conditions was investigated [...] Read more.
This study used a direct dispersion and filtration technique to produce hybrid buckypaper (BP) composites of copper oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and entangled multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The photocurrent generation of the BP sheets under two different (direct and gradient) illumination conditions was investigated by varying copper oxide loadings (10–50 wt%). The structure and morphology of the composites examined through X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the presence of monoclinic cupric oxide nanoparticles in the CNT network. The difference in electrical resistivity between bulk-filled and surface-filled CuO-BP composites was assessed using the four-probe Hall measurement. The studies disclosed that the surface-loaded CuO on the CNT network demonstrated a superior ON and OFF response under the gradient illumination conditions with peak values of 17.69 μA and 350.04 μV for photocurrent and photovoltage, respectively. The significant photocurrent observed at zero applied voltage revealed the existence of a photovoltaic effect in the BP composites. An intense photoresponse was detected in the surface-filled sample CuO-BP composite in both illumination conditions. Additionally, at an illumination level of 150 W/m2, wavelength-dependent photovoltaic effects on pure BP were observed using red, green, and blue filters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Technologies and Processing of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices)
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8 pages, 1950 KiB  
Communication
Creation of Flexible Heterogeneously-Doped Carbon Nanotube Paper PN Diodes to Enhance Thermoelectric and Photovoltaic Effects
by Jih-Hsin Liu and Chen-Yu Yen
Processes 2024, 12(12), 2898; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122898 - 18 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 684
Abstract
This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of flexible PN diode devices using phosphorus- and boron-doped carbon nanotube (CNT) paper, also known as Buckypaper (BP). The BP substrate is fabricated from multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and doped with phosphorus and boron to form [...] Read more.
This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of flexible PN diode devices using phosphorus- and boron-doped carbon nanotube (CNT) paper, also known as Buckypaper (BP). The BP substrate is fabricated from multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and doped with phosphorus and boron to form N-type and P-type semiconductors, respectively. Various experimental techniques, including Raman spectroscopy, Hall effect measurements, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), are employed to analyze the properties of the doped BP. The results reveal that the current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics preliminarily exhibit the basic electrical properties of a diode after doping with P-type and N-type carriers. Subsequently, optimized vertical stacking combined with parallel electrode configurations for the BP diode devices demonstrates that vertical series stacking gradually enhances the thermoelectric voltage, while horizontal parallel connections approximately scale up the thermoelectric and photovoltaic voltages proportionally. The findings underscore the critical role of creating heterogeneously doped CNT-paper PN junction electric fields in improving the performance of carbon-based semiconductor devices. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these directionally oriented energy devices, when stacked, can form modular systems with enhanced efficiency. This work highlights the potential of flexible carbon material-based devices for advanced thermoelectric and photovoltaic applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Technologies and Processing of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices)
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11 pages, 3757 KiB  
Article
Enhancement of Natural Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Efficiency Through TiO2 Hombikat UV100 and TiO2 P25 Photoanode Optimization
by Assohoun Fulgence Kraidy, Abé Simon Yapi, Pierre Saint-Gregoire, Lídice Vaillant-Roca, Samuel Eke, Ruben Mouangue, Arash Jamali and Yaovi Gagou
Processes 2024, 12(11), 2481; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12112481 - 8 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1075
Abstract
Engineering new photoanode materials to substantially improve the efficiency of natural dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC-Ns) is a significant challenge in the field of DSSC-Ns. This study utilizes the doctor blade technique to develop novel photoanode materials based on mixtures with different proportions of [...] Read more.
Engineering new photoanode materials to substantially improve the efficiency of natural dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC-Ns) is a significant challenge in the field of DSSC-Ns. This study utilizes the doctor blade technique to develop novel photoanode materials based on mixtures with different proportions of TiO2 Hombikat UV100 and TiO2 P25, two nanometric powders with different grain sizes. The fabricated films were studied by X-ray diffraction, which revealed a dominant anatase phase in the structure, as was corroborated by Raman spectroscopy. The crystallite size of the materials was determined using the Scherrer method. Using optical measurements, we estimated the bandgap energy (Eg) of the photoanodes that varied in the samples at around 3 eV. The assembled solar cells demonstrated a significant efficiency of 4.87% in the TiO2 Hombikat UV100/TiO2 P25 sample with the proportion of 50–50% (HP50) of blended photoanode. This sample device exhibited a fill factor of 50.41%, an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.65 V, and a current density of 14.75 mA/cm2 for an active surface area of 0.19 cm2. The HP50 sample constituted highly efficient DSSC-Ns and photoanodes with lower open-circuit voltage in the series, while HP40 developed a Voc of 0.73 V, and HP30 developed a Voc of 0.70 V. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Technologies and Processing of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices)
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14 pages, 2643 KiB  
Article
Poly(tetrasubstituted-aryl imidazole)s: A Way to Obtain Multi-Chromophore Materials with a Tunable Absorption/Emission Wavelength
by Edouard Chauveau, Lara Perrin, Catherine Marestin and Régis Mercier
Processes 2023, 11(10), 2959; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11102959 - 12 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1380
Abstract
Some original poly(tetrasubstituted imidazole)s incorporating different units were synthesized and characterized. These materials were obtained via a cascade polycondensation process assisted by microwave irradiation that was developed by our team. This time, we integrated two well-known chromophore structures into the macromolecular backbone, which [...] Read more.
Some original poly(tetrasubstituted imidazole)s incorporating different units were synthesized and characterized. These materials were obtained via a cascade polycondensation process assisted by microwave irradiation that was developed by our team. This time, we integrated two well-known chromophore structures into the macromolecular backbone, which were benzothiadiazole (BTD) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DKPP). These new polymers were fully characterized: their chemical structures were confirmed using NMR spectroscopy and their thermal, optical and electrochemical properties were investigated and compared with a reference polymer containing a phenyl spacer instead of the mentioned chromophore units. These materials were found to exhibit a large Stokes shift of up to 350 nm. Furthermore, a polymer presenting large absorption on the UV–visible range and an emission close to the near-infrared region was obtained by coupling the mentioned moieties. According to the established properties of this latter polymer, it presents a potential for applications in biological imaging or optoelectronic devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Technologies and Processing of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices)
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12 pages, 3104 KiB  
Article
D-Limonene as a Promising Green Solvent for the Detachment of End-of-Life Photovoltaic Solar Panels under Sonication
by Dina Magdy Abdo, Teresa Mangialardi, Franco Medici and Luigi Piga
Processes 2023, 11(6), 1848; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11061848 - 19 Jun 2023
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3278
Abstract
Consumption of photovoltaic solar panels is expected to increase, so the growing amount of end-of-life (EOL) solar panels will require large spaces for their disposal, which at the moment costs around 200 euros/ton. Thus, a proper treatment technique to recover secondary materials from [...] Read more.
Consumption of photovoltaic solar panels is expected to increase, so the growing amount of end-of-life (EOL) solar panels will require large spaces for their disposal, which at the moment costs around 200 euros/ton. Thus, a proper treatment technique to recover secondary materials from this waste, which are mainly copper, aluminum, silicon, high-transmittance glass, and plastics, must be developed. The last three components are strongly attached to each other; hence, their detachment is necessary for recovery. To achieve this objective, a chemical route was chosen; in fact, solvent extraction is highly recommended, as it has a high separation efficiency. In this study, D-limonene as a bio-solvent was examined for detaching different components of solar panels from each other. A high efficiency for ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) dissolution and components’ detachment under different conditions was achieved with the help of sonication power. The effects of sonication power, thermal pre-treatment, temperature, and contact time on detachment percentage were examined, and the best conditions (namely, no pre-treatment, medium sonication power of 450 W, temperature of 60 °C, and a contact time of 120 min) were found for total component detachment. Additionally, the recyclability of D-limonene was examined, and it was established that the solvent could carry out 100% component detachment for three cycles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Technologies and Processing of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices)
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Review

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17 pages, 2627 KiB  
Review
A State-of-the-Art Review of Fracture Toughness of Silicon Carbide: Implications for High-Precision Laser Dicing Techniques
by Zhiqiang Fan, Jiaxin Zhang, Zhuoqun Wang, Chong Shan, Chenguang Huang and Fusheng Wang
Processes 2024, 12(12), 2696; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122696 - 29 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1757
Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) stands out for its remarkable hardness, thermal stability, and chemical resistance, making it a critical material in advanced engineering applications, particularly in power electronics, aerospace, and semiconductor industries. However, its inherent brittleness and relatively low fracture toughness pose significant challenges [...] Read more.
Silicon carbide (SiC) stands out for its remarkable hardness, thermal stability, and chemical resistance, making it a critical material in advanced engineering applications, particularly in power electronics, aerospace, and semiconductor industries. However, its inherent brittleness and relatively low fracture toughness pose significant challenges during precision manufacturing processes, particularly during the laser stealth dicing—a pivotal process for wafer separation. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the fracture toughness of SiC, exploring its dependence on microstructural factors, such as grain size, fracture mode (transgranular vs. intergranular), and toughening mechanisms, including the crack deflection and bridging. The effects of temperature and mechanical anisotropy on the fracture resistance of SiC are discussed. Particular attention is given to how SiC’s low fracture toughness and brittle nature affect the controlled crack propagation critical to the dicing process. The review synthesizes key experimental findings from various fracture-toughness measurement techniques, highlighting their relevance for optimizing the laser processing parameters. By linking the fracture mechanics of SiC to its performance in laser stealth dicing, this review provides critical guidance for enhancing the process, ensuring greater efficiency and reliability in SiC wafer separation for advanced technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Technologies and Processing of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices)
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29 pages, 13613 KiB  
Review
Recent Progress of Self-Powered Optoelectronic Devices Based on 2D Materials
by Jiyuan Xu, Zailan Zhang, Wei Zhang and Zhesheng Chen
Processes 2024, 12(8), 1728; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12081728 - 16 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1418
Abstract
Harvesting energy through light radiation is an attractive solution for powering wireless devices in the future. In particular, self-driven optoelectronic devices are especially attractive for low-energy devices on the Internet of Things. Two-dimensional (2D) materials at atomic scale thicknesses are very attractive for [...] Read more.
Harvesting energy through light radiation is an attractive solution for powering wireless devices in the future. In particular, self-driven optoelectronic devices are especially attractive for low-energy devices on the Internet of Things. Two-dimensional (2D) materials at atomic scale thicknesses are very attractive for future self-powered optoelectronic devices due to not only their unique electronic and optical properties, but also the feasibility to fabricate desirable heterostructures, which differ from their bulk counterparts and conventional optoelectronic materials. In this review, we mainly summarized the mechanism and performance of self-powered optoelectronic devices based on 2D materials. The figure of merit and mechanism of self-driving optoelectronic devices including the interface-junction effect, bulk photovoltaic effect, and photothermoelectric effect are discussed in detail. In addition, the recent progress on the performance of self-powered optoelectronic devices based on 2D materials is compared, followed by the perspective of this field. This review is aimed to give a generalized knowledge of 2D self-powered optoelectronic devices, and thus prompt the exploration and development of novel functional devices based on 2D materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Technologies and Processing of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices)
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