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Processes
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Advances in Hydraulic Machinery and Systems
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Advances in Hydraulic Machinery and Systems

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Manufacturing Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 October 2025 | Viewed by 1152

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Enrique Rosales Asensio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus de Tafira S/N, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
Interests: water–energy nexus; energy efficiency; microgrids
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Enrique González

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, School of Pharmacy, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
Interests: water management; water–energy nexus; energy efficiency

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to stimulate research within and our understanding of the technologies associated with hydraulic machinery and encourage interaction between machine designers, machine users, the academic community, and the community at large. Hydraulic machinery is both cost-effective and environmentally friendly. The increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, linked to pollution from thermal power stations, is one of the most serious threats to our global ecology. This problem is exacerbated by the need for increased energy production in developing countries. This leads to rising global temperatures and dramatic changes in climate, which can also lead to flooding in parts of the world. Energy conservation and the replacement of coal and oil-fired power stations are therefore needed. The development and installation of more efficient hydropower plants, working hand in hand with water storage and flood control, are part of this strategy. Hydropower is the most important “renewable resource”. The objectives of this Special Issue are to enhance the value of hydraulic machinery to the end user and to society, and to improve society’s understanding and appreciation of this value. To achieve its objectives, this Special Issue welcomes the submission of manuscripts that explore the following topics:

  • i) The production of ‘green’ turbines with higher efficiencies, wider operating ranges, smoother operating characteristics, and longer lifetimes for new hydropower plants.
  • ii) The modernisation, upgrading, and life extension of existing hydropower plants.
  • iii) The production of low-cost, small hydropower.
  • iv) The production of large pumping systems for the transport of water for drinking and irrigation, for cooling in thermal power stations, and for pumped storage applications.
  • v) Producing improved digital systems for cost-effective and environmentally friendly operation, maintenance, and energy recovery.

Dr. Enrique Rosales Asensio
Dr. Enrique González
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydraulic machinery
  • green turbines
  • efficiency improvement
  • lifetime extension
  • upgrading
  • low-cost small hydropower

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 5772 KiB  
Article
Design of Low-Cost Axial-Flow Turbines for Very Low-Head Micro-Hydropower Plants
by Rodolfo Vitorino Correia Ramalho, Manoel José Mangabeira Pereira Filho, Manoel José dos Santos Sena, Rômulo Luis Santos Garreto Mendes, Siergberth Ugulino Neto, Davi Edson Sales e Souza, José Gustavo Coelho, Gilton Carlos de Andrade Furtado and André Luiz Amarante Mesquita
Processes 2025, 13(6), 1865; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061865 - 13 Jun 2025
Viewed by 334
Abstract
In the Amazon, nearly one million people remain without reliable access to electricity. Moreover, the rural electricity grid is a mostly single-phase, ground-return type, with poor energy quality and high expenses. This study examines very low-head micro-hydropower (MHP) sites in the Amazon, emphasizing [...] Read more.
In the Amazon, nearly one million people remain without reliable access to electricity. Moreover, the rural electricity grid is a mostly single-phase, ground-return type, with poor energy quality and high expenses. This study examines very low-head micro-hydropower (MHP) sites in the Amazon, emphasizing the integration of multiple axial-flow turbines. It includes an analysis of flow duration curves and key curves, both upstream and downstream, to design an MHP plant with multiple units targeting maximized energy yield. The presence of multiple turbines is crucial due to the substantial annual flow variation in the Amazon rivers. One contribution of this work is its scalable framework for ultra-low-head and high flow variability in small rivers, which is applicable in similar hydrological configurations, such as those typical of the Amazon. The design applies the minimum pressure coefficient criterion to increase turbine efficiency. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations forecast turbine efficiency and flow behavior. The CFD model is validated using experimental data available in the literature on a similar turbine, which is similarly used in this study for cost reasons, with discrepancies under 5%, demonstrating robust predictions of turbine efficiency and head behavior as a function of flow. This study also explores the implications of including inlet guide vanes (IGVs). We use a case study of a small bridge in Vila do Janari, situated in the southeastern part of Pará state, where heads range from 1.4 to 2.4 m and turbine flow rates span from 0.23 to 0.92 m3/s. The optimal configuration shows the potential to generate 63 MWh/year. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Hydraulic Machinery and Systems)
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21 pages, 3205 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Air Compression in Oscillating Water Column Systems for Enhanced Wells Turbine Performance
by Brayan Ordoñez-Saca, Mayken Espinoza-Andaluz, Julio Barzola-Monteses, Natalia Velastegui-Marcos and Nashly Yange-Camacho
Processes 2025, 13(6), 1723; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061723 - 31 May 2025
Viewed by 410
Abstract
Ocean wave energy has emerged as a promising source in the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions, with Oscillating Water Column (OWC) systems standing out due to their simplicity and potential. This study analyzes how the geometric and physical parameters of the OWC chamber [...] Read more.
Ocean wave energy has emerged as a promising source in the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions, with Oscillating Water Column (OWC) systems standing out due to their simplicity and potential. This study analyzes how the geometric and physical parameters of the OWC chamber influence internal airflow dynamics, a key factor in the performance of the Wells turbine. The methodology includes a mathematical approximation, the definition of chamber geometry, and the design parameters of both the chamber and the Wells turbine. Three configurations were evaluated using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations. The impact of key variables such as chamber inclination and cross-sectional shape on air velocity and pressure at the turbine inlet was assessed. The results indicate that, among cylindrical, inclined cylindrical, and rectangular configurations, the inclined cylindrical chamber design significantly enhances airflow stability and turbine efficiency. These findings offer valuable insights for enhancing the overall performance of OWC based energy systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Hydraulic Machinery and Systems)
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