Phytochemical Diversity and Ecological Functions in Plants

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Phytochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2026) | Viewed by 1380

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National Center of Forest and Water Research, The University of Latvia, House of Nature, LV 1004 Riga, Latvia
Interests: biorefinery; agri-food waste; valorization; circular bioeconomy; plant-based by-products; sustainable resource recovery; green extraction
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plants produce a remarkable diversity of specialized metabolites—phytochemicals—and they play essential and tailored roles in the interactions with the environment. Beyond the commonly recognized role of chemical defence, phytochemicals mediate a wide range of ecological functions, including deterring herbivores and pathogens, attracting pollinators and seed dispersers, and interactions with microbes and neighbouring plants. Yet, the ecological and evolutionary significance of phytochemical diversity, particularly its variation within and among species, remains an emerging frontier in plant science. This Special Issue, “Phytochemical Diversity and Ecological Functions in Plants”, aims to combine the distribution and functional roles of phytochemical diversity across ecological contexts. Growing evidence highlights that variations in plant chemistry—across genotypes, environments, organs, and developmental stages—can influence species interactions, community dynamics, and ecosystem functioning. Methodological advances in metabolomics, chemical ecology, and phylogenetic approaches offer new tools and opportunities to characterize and interpret the complex chemical traits and interactions of the environment and the plants. Understanding how global changes—such as climate shifts, habitat fragmentation, and species invasions—impact phytochemical landscapes is increasingly relevant for biodiversity conservation, sustainable agriculture, and ecosystem management. This Special Issue encourages contributions that move beyond single-compound perspectives to integrative studies examining phytochemical diversity at multiple biological and ecological scales. We particularly welcome research that links plant chemistry to ecological functions, evolutionary processes, and applications of biotechnology and conservation. By advancing our understanding of phytochemical diversity and recognizing its ecological roles, we aim to foster a more holistic view of plant biodiversity—one that recognizes chemical variation as a fundamental, dynamic, and ecologically relevant component of life on Earth and the human interaction with it.

Dr. Linards Klavins
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • phytochemical diversity
  • chemical ecology
  • metabolites
  • plant–environment interactions
  • metabolomics
  • ecological functions
  • biodiversity
  • conservation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 4484 KB  
Article
Variations in Flavonoid Metabolites Among Forsythia suspensa Populations in Response to Environmental Heterogeneity
by Shanshan Zhou, Longni Wu, Yahui Zhang, Yutong Guo, Jialan Xi, Danyang Li and Jinlan Ji
Plants 2025, 14(21), 3329; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14213329 - 30 Oct 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1032
Abstract
Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, a pharmacopoeial medicinal plant, is valued for its therapeutic efficacy in heat-clearing detoxification, dispelling wind-heat, and promoting blood circulation to resolve stasis. Flavonoids, ubiquitous secondary metabolites in F. suspensa, are critically linked to pharmacological activities and exhibit diverse [...] Read more.
Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, a pharmacopoeial medicinal plant, is valued for its therapeutic efficacy in heat-clearing detoxification, dispelling wind-heat, and promoting blood circulation to resolve stasis. Flavonoids, ubiquitous secondary metabolites in F. suspensa, are critically linked to pharmacological activities and exhibit diverse biological functions. To elucidate the chemotypic divergence and ecological drivers of its bioactive compounds, we conducted flavonoid metabolomic profiling across ten wild populations F. suspensa using UPLC-MS/MS. Results revealed significant inter-population variation in all twenty-nine flavonoid metabolites analyzed. Notably, Notably, Cinchonain Ic was significantly enriched in the JX population, Flavanomarein in the LT population, and Desmethylxanthohumol in the HX population. Association analysis with environmental variables further indicated that Sulfuretin, Apigenin-5-O-glucoside, and Flavanomarein were positively correlated with multiple precipitation-related variables (bio12-Annual Precipitation, bio14-Precipitation of Driest Month, bio17-Precipitation of Driest Month, and bio19-Precipitation of Coldest Quarter), whereas Vicenin 2 was negatively correlated with bio12, bio17, and bio19. Homoplantaginin showed a positive correlation with bio4 (Temperature Seasonality) and bio7 (Temperature Annual Range). Loureirin B was positively correlated with elevation but negatively correlated with high-temperature variables (bio5-Max Temperature of Warmest Month, bio8-Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter, and bio10-Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter). 5-Demethoxynobiletin was positively associated with both precipitation (bio12, bio17, bio19) and temperature variables (bio1-Annual Mean Temperature, bio6-Min Temperature of Coldest Month, bio9-Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter and bio11-Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter). Cinchonain Ic was positively correlated with bio2 (Mean Monthly Temperature Range), and Oroxin A was negatively correlated with elevation. These findings demonstrated that flavonoids accumulation in F. suspensa was predominantly influenced by temperature heterogeneity, with precipitation serving as a secondary factor, while latitude and elevation play only limited roles. This study systematically investigates the divergence and environmental drivers of flavonoids in F. suspensa populations, clarifies the molecular ecological basis of its adaptation to environmental heterogeneity, and provides valuable insights for leveraging ecological factors to enhance medicinal potential, ultimately supporting targeted breeding and optimized field management strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytochemical Diversity and Ecological Functions in Plants)
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