Plant-Derived Bioactive Molecules and Substances and Their Applications as Health-Promoting Agents in Humans: Biochemical Mechanisms, Analytical Strategies, and Functional Properties

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Phytochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 2697

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Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy
Interests: metabolomics; phytochemicals; analytical strategies; agri-food by-products; secondary metabolites; quality assessment; nutraceutical properties; sustainability; tree-crops
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bioactive substances and molecules derived from natural sources are very important in modern scientific approaches but also in traditional ones, for disease prevention and human health. Interest in the evaluation of the phytochemical composition and relative health-promoting properties of secondary metabolites derived from different natural matrices (e.g., plants, foods, agrifood by-products and wastes, herbals, etc.) has increased due to their positive effects in contributing to human well-being. This Special Issue aims to consider studies that assess bioactive molecules from natural sources, such as alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics, carotenoids and other bioactive classes, in relation to their biological properties, analytical characterization and practical applications in herbal, nutraceutical and food matrices.

Proposed studies should present innovative analytical and extraction approaches (e.g., green technologies, chromatographic techniques and spectroscopic advances) to better characterize the complex plant matrices. Approaches that evaluate and explore the metabolic pathways and bioavailability of key phytocompounds, assess their in vivo/in vitro health-promoting and/or side effects or establish mechanistic connections between biological functions and compound structures will be particularly considered. Research focused on omics-based and multivariate approaches for the integration of phytochemical data with functional findings is also welcome.

This Special Issue aims to correlate phytochemical insights with new and sustainable applications in therapeutic innovation, preventive nutrition and food science by multidisciplinary investigations from molecular biology and analytical chemistry to pharmacology and nutrition science in order to contribute to evidence-based utilization of plant bioactive compounds in promoting disease prevention and human health.

Dr. Dario Donno
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • plant bioactives
  • functional foods
  • metabolomics
  • nutraceuticals
  • plant metabolites
  • dietary antioxidants
  • health-promoting effects
  • sustainable extraction technologies
  • molecular mechanisms

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 646 KB  
Article
Sustainable Use of Natural Resources and Traditional Medicine in Tropical Countries: Uncovering the Main Antioxidant Compounds and Antihypertensive Potential of the Diospyros comorensis Leaves as Health-Promoting Food Application for Local Population
by Ahmed Ali, Dario Donno, Zoarilala Rinah Razafindrakoto, Nantenaina Tombozara, Azali Ahamada-Himidi, Mamy Julien Randrianirina, Giovanni Gamba, Jean François Rajaonarison, Gabriele Loris Beccaro and David Ramanitrahasimbola
Plants 2026, 15(11), 1757; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15111757 - 5 Jun 2026
Viewed by 1392
Abstract
Diospyros comorensis Hiern is a medicinal plant traditionally utilized in the management of cardiovascular disorders. Despite its common use, the pharmacological properties and phytochemical composition remain unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the vasorelaxant, diuretic, and antioxidant activities, as well as toxicity and [...] Read more.
Diospyros comorensis Hiern is a medicinal plant traditionally utilized in the management of cardiovascular disorders. Despite its common use, the pharmacological properties and phytochemical composition remain unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the vasorelaxant, diuretic, and antioxidant activities, as well as toxicity and phytochemical profiling, of a methanol–water extract of D. comorensis leaves (MDCR) and a decoction of D. comorensis leaf (DDCR) extract. The main phytochemicals were quantified using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant capacity was assessed using DPPH and FRAP assays. The vasorelaxant effect was evaluated in vitro on phenylephrine-precontracted aortic rings. Diuretic activity was determined by measuring Wistar rats’ urine output and electrolyte levels (Na+, Cl, and K+). Toxicity was assessed using Swiss mice. The extracts showed a total phenolic content (TPC) of 29,693.02 ± 3493.75 mg GAE/100 g DW (Folin–Ciocalteu method), which was markedly higher than the total phenolics quantified by HPLC (3743.12 ± 457.32 mg/100 g DW, representing 76.38% of the total bioactive fraction). Among the quantified constituents, ellagic acid (56.36%) was the main compound. Both extracts exhibited marked antioxidant capacity along with significant vasorelaxant effects on phenylephrine-precontracted rat aorta rings, with EC50 values of 3.83 ± 0.81 µg/mL for MDCR and 4.87 ± 0.79 µg/mL for DDCR. Acute toxicity was not observed with either extract. The identified compounds may be involved in the observed antioxidant and pharmacological effects. These results show experimental evidence useful to support the traditional use of D. comorensis leaves in managing high blood pressure and highlight the antihypertensive potential of this Comorian endemic species. Further studies are necessary to characterize the biological mechanisms involved and relative bioactive substances. Reporting the pharmacological activities of D. comorensis may contribute to the sustainable use of natural resources in the Comoros Islands and Madagascar. Full article
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Review

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27 pages, 3866 KB  
Review
Medicinal Ingredients of Wax Gourd (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.): An Integrated Review of Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Nutraceutical Applications
by Qiancheng Mao, Xuling Zhai, Jinqiang Yan, Wenrui Liu, Piaoyun Sun, Qian Zhou and Biao Jiang
Plants 2026, 15(13), 2020; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15132020 - 30 Jun 2026
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Abstract
Wax gourd (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.), a monotypic member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is a globally significant vegetable crop distinguished by its versatile nutritional and therapeutic properties. This review systematically synthesizes current knowledge on the phytochemical composition and pharmacological potential of various [...] Read more.
Wax gourd (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.), a monotypic member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is a globally significant vegetable crop distinguished by its versatile nutritional and therapeutic properties. This review systematically synthesizes current knowledge on the phytochemical composition and pharmacological potential of various botanical parts, thereby bridging ethnobotanical history with modern molecular insights. Recent advancements in multi-omics technologies, particularly metabolomics and chromatography–mass spectrometry, have significantly deepened the characterization of its bioactive constituents, including specific proteins, enzymes, peptides, flavonoids, triterpenes, sterols, and polysaccharides. Special emphasis is placed on the molecular mechanisms and biosynthetic pathways underlying its pharmacological activities-ranging from antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects to metabolic regulation involving anti-ulcer, nephroprotective, and hypotensive properties. Recent investigations have identified over 60 bioactive compounds, including cucurbitacins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and phenolic acids in wax gourd, and elucidated their anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and organ-protective effects through multiple signaling pathways. By integrating traditional medicinal applications with emerging genomic insights-including recent whole-genome sequencing and QTL mapping studies-this review highlights the current understanding of the genetic basis underlying fruit quality and discusses the potential for molecular breeding approaches and the development of functional nutraceuticals. Ultimately, wax gourd represents a valuable candidate for leveraging horticultural science to enhance human health and disease management. Full article
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