Computational Methods in Drug Development

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Medicinal Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 26 May 2026 | Viewed by 3060

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Guest Editor
Department of Physics, Institute of Biophysics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
Interests: structure prediction; regulation mechanisms; drug design
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advancements in computational methods have significantly changed the drug development process, offering new solutions to speed up the discovery and improvement in therapeutic agents. These methods cover various technologies, from molecular modeling to artificial intelligence, and contribute to different stages of the process.

Recently, computational methods have significantly increased in areas such as predicting the structures of proteins, RNA, drug molecules, and their complexes, identifying new drug targets, and optimizing drug–receptor interactions. Experimental methods for uncovering molecular structures are often expensive and time-consuming, making computational methods efficient alternatives in these cases. They also help understand complex biological systems, enabling screening large chemical libraries and reducing the time and cost associated with traditional experimental approaches.

This Special Issue aims to gather the latest research and reviews on computational strategies in drug development. We encourage submissions that demonstrate innovative computational techniques, including computer-aided drug design, molecular docking and scoring, virtual screening, and the application of various machine learning approaches in drug discovery. By highlighting these advances, we aim to show the transformative potential of computational methods in developing new and efficacious therapeutics.

We welcome submissions discussing the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, particularly interdisciplinary studies that combine computational methods with experimental validation. This Special Issue will provide an up-to-date overview of computational drug development and set the stage for future research directions.

Dr. Yunjie Zhao
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • computational modeling
  • DNA/RNA and protein
  • drug discovery and design
  • systems biology
  • channels and membranes
  • biomedical data analysis
  • artificial intelligence
  • molecule docking and scoring

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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28 pages, 16481 KiB  
Article
Systems Biology-Driven Discovery of Host-Targeted Therapeutics for Oropouche Virus: Integrating Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Drug Repurposing
by Pranab Dev Sharma, Abdulrahman Mohammed Alhudhaibi, Abdullah Al Noman, Emad M. Abdallah, Tarek H. Taha and Himanshu Sharma
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(5), 613; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18050613 - 23 Apr 2025
Viewed by 647
Abstract
Background: Oropouche virus (OROV), part of the Peribunyaviridae family, is an emerging pathogen causing Oropouche fever, a febrile illness endemic in South and Central America. Transmitted primarily through midge bites (Culicoides paraensis), OROV has no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine. This [...] Read more.
Background: Oropouche virus (OROV), part of the Peribunyaviridae family, is an emerging pathogen causing Oropouche fever, a febrile illness endemic in South and Central America. Transmitted primarily through midge bites (Culicoides paraensis), OROV has no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine. This study aims to identify host-targeted therapeutics against OROV using computational approaches, offering a potential strategy for sustainable antiviral drug discovery. Methods: Virus-associated host targets were identified using the OMIM and GeneCards databases. The Enrichr and DSigDB platforms were used for drug prediction, filtering compounds based on Lipinski’s rule for drug likeness. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was conducted using the STRING database and Cytoscape 3.10.3 software. Four key host targets—IL10, FASLG, PTPRC, and FCGR3A—were prioritized based on their roles in immune modulation and OROV pathogenesis. Molecular docking simulations were performed using the PyRx software to evaluate the binding affinities of selected small-molecule inhibitors—Acetohexamide, Deptropine, Methotrexate, Retinoic Acid, and 3-Azido-3-deoxythymidine—against the identified targets. Results: The PPI network analysis highlighted immune-mediated pathways such as Fc-gamma receptor signaling, cytokine control, and T-cell receptor signaling as critical intervention points. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities between the selected compounds and the prioritized targets, suggesting their potential efficacy as host-targeting antiviral candidates. Acetohexamide and Deptropine showed strong binding to multiple targets, indicating broad-spectrum antiviral potential. Further in vitro and in vivo validations are needed to confirm these findings and translate them into clinically relevant treatments. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of using computational approaches to identify host-targeted therapeutics for Oropouche virus (OROV). By targeting key host proteins involved in immune modulation—IL10, FASLG, PTPRC, and FCGR3A—the selected compounds, Acetohexamide and Deptropine, demonstrate strong binding affinities, suggesting their potential as broad-spectrum antiviral candidates. Further experimental validation is needed to confirm their efficacy and potential for clinical application, offering a promising strategy for sustainable antiviral drug discovery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Methods in Drug Development)
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31 pages, 9684 KiB  
Article
Design, Synthesis, and Computational Evaluation of 3,4-Dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-One Analogues as Potential VEGFR2 Inhibitors in Glioblastoma Multiforme
by Shafeek Buhlak, Nadeem Abad, Jihane Akachar, Sana Saffour, Yunus Kesgun, Sevval Dik, Betul Yasin, Gizem Bati-Ayaz, Essam Hanashalshahaby, Hasan Türkez and Adil Mardinoglu
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(2), 233; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18020233 - 8 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), an aggressive and deadly brain tumour, presents significant challenges in achieving effective treatment due to its resistance to current therapies and poor prognosis. This study aimed to synthesise and evaluate 23 novel analogues of 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one, designed [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), an aggressive and deadly brain tumour, presents significant challenges in achieving effective treatment due to its resistance to current therapies and poor prognosis. This study aimed to synthesise and evaluate 23 novel analogues of 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one, designed to enhance druggability and solubility, and to investigate their potential as VEGFR2 inhibitors for GBM treatment. Methods: The synthesised compounds were analysed using in silico methods, including molecular docking and dynamics studies, to assess their interactions with key residues within the VEGFR2 binding pocket. In vitro evaluations were performed on U87-MG and U138-MG GBM cell lines using MTT assays to determine the IC50 values of the compounds. Results: Among the tested compounds, 4u (IC50 = 7.96 μM), 4t (IC50 = 10.48 μM), 4m (IC50 = 4.20 μM), and 4q (IC50 = 8.00 μM) demonstrated significant antiproliferative effects against both the U87-MG and U138-MG cell lines. These compounds exhibited markedly higher efficacy compared to temozolomide (TMZ), which showed IC50 values of 92.90 μM and 93.09 μM for U87-MG and U138-MG, respectively. Molecular docking and dynamics studies confirmed strong interactions between the compounds and VEGFR2 kinase, supporting their substantial anti-cancer activity. Conclusions: This study highlights the promising potential of 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one analogues, particularly 4m, 4q, 4t, and 4u, as VEGFR2-targeting therapeutic agents for GBM treatment. Further detailed research is warranted to validate and expand upon these findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Methods in Drug Development)
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Review

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30 pages, 2081 KiB  
Review
The Potential of Artificial Intelligence in Pharmaceutical Innovation: From Drug Discovery to Clinical Trials
by Vera Malheiro, Beatriz Santos, Ana Figueiras and Filipa Mascarenhas-Melo
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(6), 788; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18060788 - 25 May 2025
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Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a subfield of computer science focused on developing systems that can execute tasks traditionally associated with human intelligence. AI systems work through algorithms based on rules or instructions that enable the machine to make decisions. With the advancement of [...] Read more.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a subfield of computer science focused on developing systems that can execute tasks traditionally associated with human intelligence. AI systems work through algorithms based on rules or instructions that enable the machine to make decisions. With the advancement of science, more sophisticated AI techniques, such as machine learning and deep learning, have been developed, allowing machines to learn from large amounts of data and improve their performance over time. The pharmaceutical industry has greatly benefited from the development of this technology. AI has revolutionized drug discovery and development by enabling rapid and effective analysis of vast volumes of biological and chemical data during the identification of new therapeutic compounds. The algorithms developed can predict the efficacy, toxicity, and possible adverse effects of new drugs, optimize the steps involved in clinical trials, reduce associated time and costs, and facilitate the implementation of innovative drugs in the market, making it easier to develop precise therapies tailored to the individual genetic profile of patients. Despite significant advancements, there are still gaps in the application of AI, particularly due to the lack of comprehensive regulation. The constant evolution of this technology requires ongoing and in-depth legislative oversight to ensure its use remains safe, ethical, and free from bias. This review explores the role of AI in drug development, assessing its potential to enhance formulation, accelerate discovery, and repurpose existing medications. It highlights AI’s impact across all stages, from initial research to clinical trials, emphasizing its ability to optimize processes, drive innovation, and improve therapeutic outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Methods in Drug Development)
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