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Pathophysiology
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New Insights into Diseases with Cognitive Impairment: Development, Genesis, and...
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New Insights into Diseases with Cognitive Impairment: Development, Genesis, and Treatment

A special issue of Pathophysiology (ISSN 1873-149X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2025) | Viewed by 3890

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Omar Cauli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Chair of Active Ageing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
2. Frailty and Cognitive Impairment—FROG Research Group, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Interests: cognitive impairment; frailty syndrome; neurodevelopemntal disorders; depression; neuropathy; sleep; envirnomental factors; comorbidty; immune alterations; metabolic alterations; biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The enormous impact of cognitive impairment in all its forms from mild cognitive impairment to dementia has become a public health concern from many perspectives and one that requires action from many sectors. It is increasingly important to fully understand the neurocognitive changes related not only to aging or neurological disorders at all ages, but also to systemic diseases that affect cognitive functions such as endocrine, metabolic, hepatic, and renal diseases.

Research on cognitive functions deals with language, learning, memory and other intellectual capacities responsible for daily adaptation, as well as explaining the mechanism of cognitive changes that occur in different disorders and diseases. Research on cognitive impairment is currently focused on the identification of risk factors and the mechanism of impairment and pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments to prevent or delay cognitive decline. The aim of this Special Issue is to provide an overview of the latest advances and to present some comprehensive reviews on specific aspects of cognitive impairment.

In particular, of great interest are the presentation and examination of patterns of cognitive impairment observed in various neurological, psychiatric and other diseases that although affect organs and tissues outside the central nervous system may affect cognitive functions as well. Several studies on molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology as well as methods for the accurate diagnosis of cognitive impairment, such as neuropsychometric tests, blood tests, neuroimaging techniques and clinical neurophysiology, may be relevant to this Special Issue. Finally, the advancement of treatments for cognitive impairment or its prevention is particularly in demand. We welcome contributions in the form of original research articles, reviews and communications.

This Special Issue in Biomedicines, Diseases and Pathophysiology will focus on current advances in the study of cognitive impairment, providing a forum and open access opportunity to publish research papers in this exciting and necessary area of research.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Diseases and our Joint Special Issue in Biomolecules.

Dr. Omar Cauli
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathophysiology is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dementia
  • brain
  • biomarkers

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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9 pages, 2391 KiB  
Communication
Resting State of Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type and Healthy Older Adults Using fNIRS
by In-sop Kim, Jaejin Hwang, Chorong Oh and Richard J. Morris
Pathophysiology 2025, 32(2), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology32020020 - 2 May 2025
Viewed by 159
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This study explores variations in brain activity between individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (DAT) and healthy older adults during a resting state using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Methods: FNIRS measured brain activity in ten AD patients and six healthy individuals. [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: This study explores variations in brain activity between individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (DAT) and healthy older adults during a resting state using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Methods: FNIRS measured brain activity in ten AD patients and six healthy individuals. A device with 16 channels was placed on each participant’s forehead to measure oxygenation levels while they kept their eyes closed. The data were analyzed using a support vector machine (SVM) model. Results: The results indicated differences in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) levels between the two groups. Specifically, HbO levels were generally higher in the dementia group in the left hemisphere, with a sharp increase after 26 s. Conversely, HbO levels were consistently lower in the right hemisphere of the dementia group. The SVM analysis demonstrated high accuracy in differentiating between the AD and healthy groups based on HbO levels. Conclusions: The study indicates that differences in brain activity during resting state can potentially distinguish people with DAT from healthy individuals. We found relatively reduced hemoglobin activity in the prefrontal areas of those with DAT. Furthermore, the concentration changes in the HbO in the left lateral prefrontal and right medial brain regions emerged as the most informative in distinguishing individuals with DAT from healthy individuals. The results of the current study show that this method could improve current DAT diagnostic practices due to its efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Diseases with Cognitive Impairment: Development, Genesis, and Treatment)
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Review

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52 pages, 6090 KiB  
Review
Rat Models in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Research: Strengths, Limitations, and Implications for Translational Studies
by Alexey Sarapultsev, Maria Komelkova, Oleg Lookin, Sergey Khatsko, Evgenii Gusev, Alexander Trofimov, Tursonjan Tokay and Desheng Hu
Pathophysiology 2024, 31(4), 709-760; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology31040051 - 6 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2876
Abstract
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a multifaceted psychiatric disorder triggered by traumatic events, leading to prolonged psychological distress and varied symptoms. Rat models have been extensively used to explore the biological, behavioral, and neurochemical underpinnings of PTSD. This review critically examines the strengths [...] Read more.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a multifaceted psychiatric disorder triggered by traumatic events, leading to prolonged psychological distress and varied symptoms. Rat models have been extensively used to explore the biological, behavioral, and neurochemical underpinnings of PTSD. This review critically examines the strengths and limitations of commonly used rat models, such as single prolonged stress (SPS), stress–re-stress (S-R), and predator-based paradigms, in replicating human PTSD pathology. While these models provide valuable insights into neuroendocrine responses, genetic predispositions, and potential therapeutic targets, they face challenges in capturing the full complexity of PTSD, particularly in terms of ethological relevance and translational validity. We assess the degree to which these models mimic the neurobiological and behavioral aspects of human PTSD, highlighting areas where they succeed and where they fall short. This review also discusses future directions in refining these models to improve their utility for translational research, aiming to bridge the gap between preclinical findings and clinical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Diseases with Cognitive Impairment: Development, Genesis, and Treatment)
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