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16 pages, 1831 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Protective Role of Polyphenols from Aronia Berry (Aronia melanocarpa) Against LPS-Induced Inflammation in Colon Cells and Macrophages

by Shareena Sreedharan, Vimal Nair, Prerna Bhargava and Luis Cisneros-Zevallos

Nutrients 2025, 17(10), 1652; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17101652 - 12 May 2025

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Abstract

Background: Aronia berry (Aronia melanocarpa) are native to North America, rich in polyphenols and antioxidants with the potential to promote human health through its anti-inflammatory properties. Methods: Through the chemical characterization of phenolic compounds from aronia berries, 11 distinct [...] Read more.

Background: Aronia berry (Aronia melanocarpa) are native to North America, rich in polyphenols and antioxidants with the potential to promote human health through its anti-inflammatory properties. Methods: Through the chemical characterization of phenolic compounds from aronia berries, 11 distinct polyphenols were identified. We investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of a methanolic/acetone/water extract from freeze-dried aronia berries in LPS-stimulated colonic and macrophage cell models. Results: In colon cells, aronia polyphenols suppressed pro-inflammatory gene expression (NFkβ, TNFα, IL-6, COX2) by reducing ROS generation while enhancing LXRα expression. In macrophages, these compounds decreased NO production through ROS attenuation. Notably, aronia extracts exhibited no cytotoxicity in either cell type across concentrations from 100 to 1000 μg/mL. The whole-berry methanolic extract contained substantial levels of phenolic compounds (including 3-O- and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acids, quercetin derivatives, and cyanidin derivatives) with high ORAC values, likely contributing to their observed multifaceted anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusions: These findings suggest that freeze-dried aronia berry (AroBerry^®) may offer protection against low-grade inflammation, providing a foundation for future in vivo studies using murine models of inflammation-associated chronic diseases to establish appropriate dosage regimens. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Ingredients in Plants Related to Human Health)

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23 pages, 6325 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Arene Substitutions in Orchid Bibenzyls: Mechanistic Insights into Glucose Uptake and Lipid Metabolism for Targeting Metabolic Disorders

by Narawat Nuamnaichati, Utid Suriya, Hnin Ei Ei Khine, Rungroch Sungthong, Poon Suwannamai, Boonchoo Sritularak, Eakachai Prompetchara, Chavee Laomeephol, Rosa Alduina and Chatchai Chaotham

Nutrients 2025, 17(7), 1104; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17071104 - 21 Mar 2025

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Abstract

Background: Phytochemicals possess diverse therapeutic potential; however, the impact of arene substitutions on the pharmacological properties of the bibenzyl compounds batatasin III and gigantol, derived from Dendrobium venustum, remains unexplored. Objectives: This study examines how structural differences between these compounds affect cellular [...] Read more.

Background: Phytochemicals possess diverse therapeutic potential; however, the impact of arene substitutions on the pharmacological properties of the bibenzyl compounds batatasin III and gigantol, derived from Dendrobium venustum, remains unexplored. Objectives: This study examines how structural differences between these compounds affect cellular glucose uptake and lipid metabolism during adipocyte differentiation. Methods: The effects of both bibenzyl compounds on cytotoxicity and glucose uptake were assessed in mouse and human pre-adipocytes and rat skeletal muscle myoblasts using colorimetric assays. Lipid metabolism was evaluated through Oil Red O staining and quantification of triglyceride and glycerol levels, while protein and gene expression during adipocyte differentiation were analyzed via western blotting and RT-qPCR. Results: At the highest non-cytotoxic concentration (25 µM), gigantol significantly enhanced glucose uptake (up to 2-fold) under both basal and insulin-stimulated conditions, whereas batatasin III showed a similar effect only under basal conditions. Gigantol upregulated GLUT1 and GLUT4 in myotubes but downregulated them in adipocytes, whereas batatasin III had minimal impact on these transporters. Both compounds suppressed lipid accumulation in mouse and human adipocytes by decreasing intracellular triglyceride content and promoting extracellular glycerol release. However, batatasin III did not affect extracellular glycerol release during early adipocyte differentiation, as evidenced by the marked downregulation of key lipogenic proteins (PLIN1, LPL, FABP4) observed only with gigantol. Molecular docking analyses suggest that gigantol’s greater bioactivity may result from its higher number of arene substitutions. Conclusions: This study provides the first evidence that differences in arene substitutions among orchid-derived bibenzyls influence their pharmacological properties. Our findings support the strategic modification of natural products as a potential approach for managing metabolic disorders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Ingredients in Plants Related to Human Health)

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24 pages, 8837 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Italian Biodiversity: A Source of Edible Plant Extracts with Protective Effects Against Advanced Glycation End Product-Related Diseases

by Giulia Moretto, Raffaella Colombo, Stefano Negri, Hellas Cena, Lorena Vailati and Adele Papetti

Nutrients 2025, 17(6), 935; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17060935 - 7 Mar 2025

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Abstract

Background: Italy’s plant biodiversity, characterized by many plant species, is an important source of bioactive secondary metabolites that help reduce the risk of the development of advanced glycation end product (AGE)-related diseases. AGEs are involved in various diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular, [...] Read more.

Background: Italy’s plant biodiversity, characterized by many plant species, is an important source of bioactive secondary metabolites that help reduce the risk of the development of advanced glycation end product (AGE)-related diseases. AGEs are involved in various diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the antiglycative, hypoglycemic, and neuroprotective properties of nine edible plant extracts using different in vitro assays. Methods: The ability of the extracts to counteract AGE formation was evaluated at different stages of the glycation reaction using in vitro systems based on the determination of Amadori products and the co-incubation of a model protein with a dicarbonyl compound under different experimental conditions. In addition, the extracts’ methylglyoxal (MGO) and glyoxal (GO) trapping ability was investigated. Hypoglycemic activity was assessed by measuring α-amylase inhibition, while the neuroprotective effects were explored by testing amyloid β peptide 1-42 (Aβ1-42) fibrillogenesis inhibition. Results: All extracts generally had a dose-related capacity for the inhibition of AGE formation, mainly at the intermediate stage of the glycation reaction; high trapping capacity against MGO and GO; and promising hypoglycemic properties. In addition, they affected the fibrillogenesis process by reducing mature amyloid fibril formation and altering fibril morphology. Conclusions: All tested extracts had promising anti-fibrillogenic properties. Rosa canina extract was the most active among the tested plant species given its antiglycative activity (about 80% inhibition of AGE formation), trapping capacity against MGO and GO (almost 100%), hypoglycemic effects (66.20 ± 0.88%), and anti-fibrillogenic effects (69.00 ± 4.49% inhibition), indicating its suitability in the management of AGE-related diseases and for the potential development of a novel food ingredient. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Ingredients in Plants Related to Human Health)

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18 pages, 3319 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Melissa officinalis Phytosome on Sleep Quality: Results of a Prospective, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, and Cross-Over Study

by Francesco Di Pierro, Davide Sisti, Marco Rocchi, Annalisa Belli, Alexander Bertuccioli, Massimiliano Cazzaniga, Chiara Maria Palazzi, Maria Laura Tanda and Nicola Zerbinati

Nutrients 2024, 16(23), 4199; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234199 - 4 Dec 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4800

Abstract

Background: Melissa officinalis standardised extracts, characterised by the presence of hydroxycinnamic acids, have been experimentally demonstrated to be endowed with anti-anxiety and anti-insomnia pharmacological actions. These effects, probably attributable, at least in part, to the role played by rosmarinic acid on GABA-T, have [...] Read more.

Background: Melissa officinalis standardised extracts, characterised by the presence of hydroxycinnamic acids, have been experimentally demonstrated to be endowed with anti-anxiety and anti-insomnia pharmacological actions. These effects, probably attributable, at least in part, to the role played by rosmarinic acid on GABA-T, have not always been observed in a reproducible manner in humans, perhaps due to the poor bioavailability of these compounds. Methods: as nutraceuticals and botanicals could be an alternative option to prescription medications for alleviating symptoms of mild anxiety and insomnia, we have verified in a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and cross-over study the supporting role on sleep quality played by a Melissa officinalis highly standardised extract, formulated as Phytosome™ (MOP) to improve the oral bioavailability of its active polyphenolic components. Results: results showed a significant reduction in the ISI score in the treated group, with an average of 6.8 ± 4.1 compared to 9.7 ± 3.7 in the placebo group, indicating a significant reduction of 2.9 points (p = 0.003). The SWS phase duration increased by an average of 15%, while the REM phase decreased by 10%. Additionally, 87% of participants in the treated group reported improved sleep quality, compared to 30% in the placebo group, with significant differences measured by chi-square test (χ²₍₄₎ = 21.01, p = 0.0003), highlighting the effects due to Melissa officinalis L. No significant changes in physical activity or anxiety levels were observed. Conclusions: these findings suggest that MOP may represent a natural and safe alternative to traditional pharmacological treatments for insomnia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Ingredients in Plants Related to Human Health)

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14 pages, 1346 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Commonly Used Dose of Montmorency Tart Cherry Powder Does Not Improve Sleep or Inflammation Outcomes in Individuals with Overweight or Obesity

by Robin M. Tucker, Nahyun Kim, Eric Gurzell, Sruti Mathi, Shreya Chavva, Dharshini Senthilkumar, Olivia Bartunek, Kayla C. Fenton, Sidney J. Herndon-Fenton, Vanessa N. Cardino, Gabrielle M. Cooney, Sam Young and Jenifer I. Fenton

Nutrients 2024, 16(23), 4125; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234125 - 28 Nov 2024

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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Sleep problems are frequently experienced and play an important role in inflammation and disease risk. US Montmorency tart cherries (MTC) improve sleep outcomes in previous studies, but studies in individuals with overweight and obesity are lacking. Methods: A total of 34 individuals [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Sleep problems are frequently experienced and play an important role in inflammation and disease risk. US Montmorency tart cherries (MTC) improve sleep outcomes in previous studies, but studies in individuals with overweight and obesity are lacking. Methods: A total of 34 individuals with sleep issues and overweight or obesity (BMI: 32.1 ± 7.0 kg/m²) were recruited to this randomized controlled, crossover study. MTC capsules (500 mg) or a placebo were taken one hour before bed for 14 days. Sleep outcomes including total sleep time, deep and REM sleep duration, nap duration, and nocturnal sleep duration were assessed using the Zmachine and/or Fitbit Inspire 3. Subjective sleep information on quality and insomnia symptoms was collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Sleep Quality Scale, and the Insomnia Severity Index. Markers of inflammation included C-reactive protein, TNF-α, and IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17A. Results: No significant effects of MTC supplementation were observed for any of the measures of interest (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusions: These results suggest studies of individuals with overweight and obesity should test higher doses of MTC than those currently recommended. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Ingredients in Plants Related to Human Health)

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14 pages, 2673 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of a Withania somnifera and Bacopa monnieri Formulation on SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells Metabolism Through NMR Metabolomic

by Maria D’Elia, Carmen Marino, Rita Celano, Enza Napolitano, Anna Maria D’Ursi, Mariateresa Russo and Luca Rastrelli

Nutrients 2024, 16(23), 4096; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16234096 - 28 Nov 2024

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Abstract

Objectives: This study investigates the effectiveness of an herbal formulation, STRESSLESS (ST-65), which combines ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and bacopa (Bacopa monnieri), on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Given the rising interest in natural compounds for neuroprotection and stress alleviation, [...] Read more.

Objectives: This study investigates the effectiveness of an herbal formulation, STRESSLESS (ST-65), which combines ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and bacopa (Bacopa monnieri), on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Given the rising interest in natural compounds for neuroprotection and stress alleviation, we aimed to explore the cellular and molecular effects of this formulation. Methods: Utilizing a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic approach and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS), we identified key bioactive compounds in ST-65, including withanolides from ashwagandha and bacosides from bacopa. Results: Our findings indicate that ST-65 treatment significantly alters the metabolic profile of SH-SY5Y cells. Key changes included increased levels of metabolites linked to neuroprotection, energy metabolism, and antioxidant defense. Notable enhancements were observed in specific amino acids and neuroprotective compounds, suggesting activation of neuroprotective mechanisms and mitigation of stress-induced damage. Conclusions: The study reveals a complex phyto-chemical profile of ST-65 and underscores its potential as a natural active agent for addressing stress-related neurodegenerative conditions. These insights into neuronal mechanisms provide a foundation for further exploration of herbal formulations in neuroprotection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Ingredients in Plants Related to Human Health)

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10 pages, 4540 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Protective Effects of Isostrictiniin Against High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet-Induced Steatosis in MASLD Mice via Regulation of the AMPK/SREBP-1c/ACC Pathway

by Qi Yan, Chenyang Li, Jinfeng Li, Yuhan Yao and Jun Zhao

Nutrients 2024, 16(22), 3876; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223876 - 13 Nov 2024

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Abstract

Objectives: Isostrictiniin (ITN), a natural polyphenol extracted from Nymphaea candida (snow-white waterlily), has antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities that may be beneficial in treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of ITN on high-fat, high-sugar diet [...] Read more.

Objectives: Isostrictiniin (ITN), a natural polyphenol extracted from Nymphaea candida (snow-white waterlily), has antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities that may be beneficial in treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of ITN on high-fat, high-sugar diet (HFSD)-induced steatosis in MASLD mice and its mechanisms. Methods: Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control and HFSD groups. After being fed for 4 weeks, the HFSD group was randomly divided into model, atorvastatin calcium (ATC; 10 mg/kg), and ITN (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) groups. After continued feeding for 4 weeks, the biochemical indexes in the mice were determined. Results: Compared with the model group, the liver index; FBG; HOMA-IR; serum AST, ALT, TG, TC, and LDL-C; and liver MDA, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels in the ITN (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) and ATC (10 mg/kg) groups were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while serum HDL-C and liver SOD and GSH-Px levels were increased (p < 0.05). Pathological observation showed that ITN treatment mitigated the lipid liver deposition in the HFSD mice. Moreover, ITN could upregulate liver-tissue p-AMPK/AMPK protein expression in the HFSD-induced MASLD mice and downregulate SREBP-1c and ACC levels (p < 0.05). Conclusions: ITN can significantly improve MASLD mice, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of the AMPK/SREBP-1c/ACC pathway. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Ingredients in Plants Related to Human Health)

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15 pages, 2665 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Methanolic Extract of the Nutritional Plant (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) Exhibits Anticancer Activity by Inducing Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Colorectal Cancer Cells

by Stefano Bianchini, Federica Bovio, Stefano Negri, Leonardo Bisson, Anna Lisa Piccinelli, Luca Rastrelli, Matilde Forcella and Paola Fusi

Nutrients 2024, 16(21), 3742; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213742 - 31 Oct 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1273

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Diospyros kaki, the most widely cultivated species of persimmon, has been long used in traditional medicine since its leaves’ extracts contain high amounts of flavonoids and terpenoids, endowed with several beneficial effects. However, its anticancer activity towards colorectal cancer (CRC) [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Diospyros kaki, the most widely cultivated species of persimmon, has been long used in traditional medicine since its leaves’ extracts contain high amounts of flavonoids and terpenoids, endowed with several beneficial effects. However, its anticancer activity towards colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been investigated in depth. Methods: The effect of a methanolic extract of D. kaki leaves, rich in kaempferol and quercetin derivatives, have been evaluated on an E705 CRC cell line, representative of most CRC patients, and on SW480 cells, carrying a KRAS-activating mutation. Results: This extract is effective in reducing tumor cells’ viability without affecting the healthy mucosa cell line CCD 841. In fact, Western blot experiments showed its ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells by increasing oxidative stress and disrupting mitochondrial functionality, as shown by reactive oxygen species measurement and Seahorse analysis. Conclusions: With the aim of increasing healthspan, as well as the substantial societal and macroeconomic costs associated with cancer, our results could pave the way to a role for D. kaki extract in both CRC treatment and prevention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Ingredients in Plants Related to Human Health)

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18 pages, 15413 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Insights into Osteogenesis Induced by Crude Brassicaceae Seeds Extracts: A Role for Glucosinolates

by Laura Gambari, Eleonora Pagnotta, Luisa Ugolini, Laura Righetti, Emanuela Amore, Brunella Grigolo, Giuseppe Filardo and Francesco Grassi

Nutrients 2024, 16(20), 3457; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16203457 - 12 Oct 2024

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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Crude extracts from the Brassica genus have recently emerged as promising phytochemicals for preventing bone loss. While the most documented evidence suggests that their general biological activity is due to glucosinolates’ (GLSs’) hydrolysis products, the direct activity of GLSs is beginning [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Crude extracts from the Brassica genus have recently emerged as promising phytochemicals for preventing bone loss. While the most documented evidence suggests that their general biological activity is due to glucosinolates’ (GLSs’) hydrolysis products, the direct activity of GLSs is beginning to be uncovered. However, the contribution of GLSs to the bone-sparing activity of crude Brassicaceae extracts has seldom been addressed. Here, we aimed to gain insights into this gap by studying in the same in vitro model of human osteogenesis the effect of two Brassica seed extracts (Eruca sativa and Lepidium sativum) obtained from defatted seed meals, comparing them to the isolated GLSs most represented in their composition, glucoerucin (GER) and glucotropaeolin (GTL), for Eruca sativa and Lepidium sativum, respectively. Methods: Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) was assessed by alizarin red staining assay and real-time PCR, respectively, evaluating mineral apposition and mRNA expression of specific osteogenic genes. Results: Both Brassica extracts and GLSs increased the osteogenic differentiation, indicating that the stimulating effect of Brassica extracts can be at least partially attributed to GLSs. Moreover, these data extend previous evidence of the effect of unhydrolyzed glucoraphanin (GRA) on osteogenesis to other types of GLSs: GER and GTL. Notably, E. sativa extract and GTL induced higher osteogenic stimulation than Lepidium sativum extract and GER, respectively. Conclusions: Overall, this study expands the knowledge on the possible application of Brassica-derived bioactive molecules as natural alternatives for the prevention and treatment of bone-loss pathologies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Ingredients in Plants Related to Human Health)

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26 pages, 32576 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Aquilaria crassna Extract Exerts Neuroprotective Effect against Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced Toxicity in Human SH-SY5Y Cells: An RNA-Seq-Based Transcriptome Analysis

by Nattaporn Pattarachotanant, Suporn Sukjamnong, Panthakarn Rangsinth, Kamonwan Chaikhong, Chanin Sillapachaiyaporn, George Pak-Heng Leung, Valerie W. Hu, Tewarit Sarachana, Siriporn Chuchawankul, Tewin Tencomnao and Anchalee Prasansuklab

Nutrients 2024, 16(16), 2727; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16162727 - 16 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2498

Abstract

Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is known to inhibit neurodifferentiation and induce neurodegeneration. Agarwood or Aquilaria crassna (AC), a plant with health-promoting properties, may counteract the neurotoxic effects of B[a]P by promoting neuronal growth and survival. This study investigated the protective effect of AC leaf ethanolic [...] Read more.

Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is known to inhibit neurodifferentiation and induce neurodegeneration. Agarwood or Aquilaria crassna (AC), a plant with health-promoting properties, may counteract the neurotoxic effects of B[a]P by promoting neuronal growth and survival. This study investigated the protective effect of AC leaf ethanolic extract (ACEE) on the B[a]P-induced impairment of neuronal differentiation. A transcriptomic analysis identified the canonical pathway, the biological network, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that are changed in response to neuronal differentiation and neurogenesis. Several genes, including CXCR4, ENPP2, GAP43, GFRA2, NELL2, NFASC, NSG2, NGB, BASP1, and NEUROD1, in B[a]P-treated SH-SY5Y cells were up-regulated after treatment with ACEE. Notably, a Western blot analysis further confirmed that ACEE increased the protein levels of GAP43 and neuroglobin. B[a]P treatment led to decreased phosphorylation of Akt and increased phosphorylation of ERK in SH-SY5Y cells; however, ACEE was able to reverse these effects. Clionasterol and lupenone were identified in ACEE. Molecular docking showed that these two phytochemicals had significant interactions with CXCR4, GDNF family receptor alpha (GFRA), and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). In conclusion, ACEE may be a potential alternative medicine for the prevention of impaired neuronal differentiation and neurodegenerative diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Ingredients in Plants Related to Human Health)

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18 pages, 5312 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Strategy for Glioblastoma Treatment by Natural Bioactive Molecules Showed a Highly Effective Anti-Cancer Potential

by Alessandro Giammona, Mauro Commisso, Marcella Bonanomi, Sofia Remedia, Linda Avesani, Danilo Porro, Daniela Gaglio, Gloria Bertoli and Alessia Lo Dico

Nutrients 2024, 16(15), 2389; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16152389 - 23 Jul 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2312

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a severe form of brain tumor that has a high fatality rate. It grows aggressively and most of the time results in resistance to traditional treatments like chemo- and radiotherapy and surgery. Biodiversity, beyond representing a big resource for [...] Read more.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a severe form of brain tumor that has a high fatality rate. It grows aggressively and most of the time results in resistance to traditional treatments like chemo- and radiotherapy and surgery. Biodiversity, beyond representing a big resource for human well-being, provides several natural compounds that have shown great potential as anticancer drugs. Many of them are being extensively researched and significantly slow GBM progression by reducing the proliferation rate, migration, and inflammation and also by modulating oxidative stress. Here, the use of some natural compounds, such as Allium lusitanicum, Succisa pratensis, and Dianthus superbus, was explored to tackle GBM; they showed their impact on cell number reduction, which was partially given by cell cycle quiescence. Furthermore, a reduced cell migration ability was reported, accomplished by morphological cytoskeleton changes, which even highlighted a mesenchymal–epithelial transition. Furthermore, metabolic studies showed an induced cell oxidative stress modulation and a massive metabolic rearrangement. Therefore, a new therapeutic option was suggested to overcome the limitations of conventional treatments and thereby improve patient outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Ingredients in Plants Related to Human Health)

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11 pages, 606 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Nasal Solution Incorporating Resveratrol and Carboxymethyl-Β-Glucan in Preschool Non-Atopic Children with Wheezing

by Cristiana Indolfi, Costanza Mignini, Francesco Valitutti, Ilaria Bizzarri, Giulio Dinardo, Angela Klain, Michele Miraglia del Giudice and Giuseppe Di Cara

Nutrients 2024, 16(14), 2197; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142197 - 10 Jul 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1856

Abstract

Upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) account for more than 80% of wheezing episodes in children with a high incidence of hospitalization in preschool age. Most children with symptoms of wheezing during an URTI are usually non-atopic. As the majority of wheezing episodes resulting [...] Read more.

Upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) account for more than 80% of wheezing episodes in children with a high incidence of hospitalization in preschool age. Most children with symptoms of wheezing during an URTI are usually non-atopic. As the majority of wheezing episodes resulting from URTI are attributed to viral triggers, several studies have suggested the potential anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties of resveratrol. This study aims to identify the effect of resveratrol for pediatric non-atopic patients with recurrent wheezing triggered by URTIs. We conducted a prospective single-blind study to assess the effectiveness of a short course of nasal solutions incorporating resveratrol and carboxymethyl-β-glucan, administered for 7 days at the onset of URTIs, compared to standard nasal lavage with 0.9% saline solution. A total of 19 patients entered the active group, 20 patients were assigned to the placebo group. The comparison of overall wheezing days (p < 0.001), mean wheezing days per month (p < 0.01), and wheezing episodes per patient (p < 0.001) in the two groups showed a significant reduction in the group receiving resveratrol compared with the placebo group, with less hospital access (p < 0.001) and oral corticosteroid administration (p < 0.01). Our findings seem to suggest that, in non-atopic children with recurrent wheezing secondary to URTIs, nasal resveratrol could be effective to prevent or reduce the occurrence of wheezing, when started from the onset of upper airway symptoms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Ingredients in Plants Related to Human Health)

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24 pages, 9472 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phyto-Photodynamic Therapy of Prostate Cancer Cells Mediated by Yemenite ‘Etrog’ Leave Extracts

by Efrat Hochma, Paul Ben Ishai, Michael A. Firer and Refael Minnes

Nutrients 2024, 16(12), 1820; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121820 - 10 Jun 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1676

Abstract

Cancer therapy, from malignant tumor inhibition to cellular eradication treatment, remains a challenge, especially regarding reduced side effects and low energy consumption during treatment. Hence, phytochemicals as cytotoxic sensitizers or photosensitizers deserve special attention. The dark and photo-response of Yemenite ‘Etrog’ leaf extracts [...] Read more.

Cancer therapy, from malignant tumor inhibition to cellular eradication treatment, remains a challenge, especially regarding reduced side effects and low energy consumption during treatment. Hence, phytochemicals as cytotoxic sensitizers or photosensitizers deserve special attention. The dark and photo-response of Yemenite ‘Etrog’ leaf extracts applied to prostate PC3 cancer cells is reported here. An XTT cell viability assay along with light microscope observations revealed pronounced cytotoxic activity of the extract for long exposure times of 72 h upon concentrations of 175 μg/mL and 87.5 μg/mL, while phototoxic effect was obtained even at low concentration of 10.93 μg/mL and a short introduction period of 1.5 h. For the longest time incubation of 72 h and for the highest extract concentration of 175 μg/mL, relative cell survival decreased by up to 60% (below the IC₅₀). In combined phyto-photodynamic therapy, a reduction of 63% compared to unirradiated controls was obtained. The concentration of extract in cells versus the accumulation time was inversely related to fluorescence emission intensity readings. Extracellular ROS production was also shown. Based on an ATR-FTIR analysis of the powdered leaves and their liquid ethanolic extract, biochemical fingerprints of both polar and non-polar phyto-constituents were identified, thereby suggesting their implementation as phyto-medicine and phyto-photomedicine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Ingredients in Plants Related to Human Health)

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Review

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18 pages, 1679 KiB

Open AccessReview

Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Cardiorenal Diseases: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential

by Caterina Carollo, Alessandra Sorce, Emanuele Cirafici, Giuseppe Mulè and Gregorio Caimi

Nutrients 2025, 17(7), 1212; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17071212 - 30 Mar 2025

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Abstract

Aging is a very complex process, and it has been linked with Sirtuins. Sirtuin enzymes are a family of deacetylases that are related to caloric restriction and aging by modulating energy metabolism, genomic stability, and stress resistance. Up to now, seven sirtuins have [...] Read more.

Aging is a very complex process, and it has been linked with Sirtuins. Sirtuin enzymes are a family of deacetylases that are related to caloric restriction and aging by modulating energy metabolism, genomic stability, and stress resistance. Up to now, seven sirtuins have been recognized. This narrative review aimed to analyze the literature produced between January 2005 and March 2025 to evaluate the role of sirtuins in chronic kidney disease and, as heart and kidney diseases are strictly interrelated, to explore their role in heart diseases and cardio-renal cross-talk. A reciprocal relationship between CKD and aging seems to exist since CKD may contribute to premature biological aging of different organ systems. SIRTs are involved in the pathophysiology of renal diseases; their activation can delay the progression of several renal diseases. Notably, an increasing number of studies linked SIRTs with different CVDs. SIRTs affect the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) by modulating mitochondrial function. The imbalance of SIRT levels may increase the vulnerability to CVDs. SIRTs are involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of HFpEF (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction) through different signaling pathways. Fibrosis is the linkage mechanism between the heart and kidney in the development of cardio-renal diseases. Current studies on sirtuins, resveratrol, and cardiorenal disease highlight their potential therapeutic benefits in regulating blood pressure, kidney function, lipid profiles, and inflammation, making them a promising area of investigation for improving cardiovascular and renal health outcomes. However, significant gaps remain. The limited availability of highly selective and potent sirtuin modulators hampers their clinical translation, as most existing compounds exhibit poor bioavailability and suboptimal pharmacokinetic properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Ingredients in Plants Related to Human Health)

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31 pages, 1497 KiB

Open AccessReview

Whole Plant Extracts for Neurocognitive Disorders: A Narrative Review of Neuropsychological and Preclinical Studies

by Alessandro Piva, Giulia Benvegnù, Stefano Negri, Mauro Commisso, Sofia Ceccato, Linda Avesani, Flavia Guzzo and Cristiano Chiamulera

Nutrients 2024, 16(18), 3156; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183156 - 18 Sep 2024

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Abstract

The incidence of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s Disease, characterized by a progressive cognitive decline, is rising worldwide. Despite the considerable efforts to unveil the neuropsychological bases of these diseases, there is still an unmet medical need for effective therapies against cognitive [...] Read more.

The incidence of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s Disease, characterized by a progressive cognitive decline, is rising worldwide. Despite the considerable efforts to unveil the neuropsychological bases of these diseases, there is still an unmet medical need for effective therapies against cognitive deficits. In recent years, increasing laboratory evidence indicates the potential of phytotherapy as an integrative aid to improve cognitive functions. In this review, we describe the data of plant whole extracts or single compounds’ efficacy on validated preclinical models and neuropsychological tests, aiming to correlate brain mechanisms underlying rodent behavioral responses to human findings. After a search of the literature, the overview was limited to the following plants: Dioscorea batatas, Ginkgo biloba, Melissa officinalis, Nigella sativa, Olea europaea, Panax ginseng, Punica granatum, and Vitis vinifera. Results showed significant improvements in different cognitive functions, such as learning and memory or visuospatial abilities, in both humans and rodents. However, despite promising laboratory evidence, clinical translation has been dampened by a limited pharmacological characterization of the single bioactive components of the herbal products. Depicting the contribution of the single phytochemicals to the phytocomplex’s pharmacological efficacy could enable the comprehension of their potential synergistic activity, leading to phytotherapy inclusion in the existing therapeutic package against cognitive decline. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Ingredients in Plants Related to Human Health)

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Exploiting Natural Niches with Neuroprotective Properties: A Comprehensive Review

by Hind Moukham, Alessia Lambiase, Giovanni Davide Barone, Farida Tripodi and Paola Coccetti

Nutrients 2024, 16(9), 1298; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091298 - 26 Apr 2024

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4437

Abstract

Natural products from mushrooms, plants, microalgae, and cyanobacteria have been intensively explored and studied for their preventive or therapeutic potential. Among age-related pathologies, neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases) represent a worldwide health and social problem. Since several pathological mechanisms are [...] Read more.

Natural products from mushrooms, plants, microalgae, and cyanobacteria have been intensively explored and studied for their preventive or therapeutic potential. Among age-related pathologies, neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases) represent a worldwide health and social problem. Since several pathological mechanisms are associated with neurodegeneration, promising strategies against neurodegenerative diseases are aimed to target multiple processes. These approaches usually avoid premature cell death and the loss of function of damaged neurons. This review focuses attention on the preventive and therapeutic potential of several compounds derived from natural sources, which could be exploited for their neuroprotective effect. Curcumin, resveratrol, ergothioneine, and phycocyanin are presented as examples of successful approaches, with a special focus on possible strategies to improve their delivery to the brain. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Ingredients in Plants Related to Human Health)

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