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Nutrients
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Isoflavone Intake and Human Health
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Isoflavone Intake and Human Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Phytochemicals and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2020) | Viewed by 39161

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Catherine Bennetau-Pelissero

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Carreire Campus, Sciences and Technology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
2. ARNA, U1212 Inserm, 5320 CNRS, Pharmacy Faculty, 33076 Bordeaux, France
3. Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 33175 Gradignan, France
Interests: phytoestrogens; endocrine disruptors; assay biotechnology; food, health; reproduction; exposure
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Isoflavones are natural polyphenols that can be found in great amounts in several legumes. These substances act as signal molecules in plants and as phytoalexines. Because legumes had to resist to predation over time, they developed an arsenal of antinutritional factors and defense molecules. Isoflavones belong to this last category and cause effects in consumers of legumes. From the 1960s, a large set of scientific articles were published about both their beneficial and deleterious effects in animals and humans. These effects should be re-examined today, since it was recently demonstrated that human exposure to these active substances rose dramatically with the industrialization of soy processing.

Prof. Dr. Catherine Bennetau-Pelissero
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • isoflavones
  • assay methods
  • food processing
  • food composition
  • food intake
  • bioavailability
  • toxicology
  • estrogen receptors
  • cancers
  • men and women fertility
  • children exposure
  • thyroid function
  • brain function
  • osteoporosis
  • menopause
  • autoimmune diseases

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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26 pages, 7857 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Trifolium pratense L. Sprouts’ Phenolic Compounds on Cell Growth and Migration of MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and HUVEC Cells
by Małgorzata Zakłos-Szyda and Grażyna Budryn
Nutrients 2020, 12(1), 257; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010257 - 19 Jan 2020
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 7450
Abstract
Uncontrolled growth and migration and invasion abilities are common for cancer cells in malignant tumors with low therapeutic effectiveness and high mortality and morbidity. Estrogen receptor β (ERβ), as a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, shows potent tumor suppressive activities in many [...] Read more.
Uncontrolled growth and migration and invasion abilities are common for cancer cells in malignant tumors with low therapeutic effectiveness and high mortality and morbidity. Estrogen receptor β (ERβ), as a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, shows potent tumor suppressive activities in many cancers. Phytoestrogens’ structural resemblance to 17 β-estradiol allows their binding to ERβ isoform predominantly, and therefore, expression of genes connected with elevated proliferation, motility and invasiveness of cancer cells may be downregulated. Among polyphenolic compounds with phytoestrogenic activity, there are isoflavones from Trifolium pratense L. (red clover) sprouts, containing high amounts of formononetin and biochanin A and their glycosides. To determine the source of the most biologically active isoflavones, we obtained four extracts from sprouts before and after their lactic fermentation and/or β-glucosidase treatment. Our previous results of ITC (isothermal titration calorimetry) modelling and a docking simulation showed clover isoflavones’ affinity to ERβ binding, which may downregulate cancer cell proliferation and migration. Thus, the biological activity of T. pratense sprouts’ extracts was checked under in vitro conditions against highly invasive human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and non-invasive human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 cells. To compare extracts’ activities acquired for cancer cells with those activities against normal cells, as a third model we choose human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), which, due to their migration abilities, are involved in blood vessel formation. Extracts obtained from fermented sprouts at IC0 dosages were able to inhibit migration of breast cancer cells through their influence on intracellular ROS generation; membrane stiffening; adhesion; regulation of MMP-9, N-cadherin and E-cadherin at transcriptional level; or VEGF secretion. Simultaneously, isolated phenolics revealed no toxicity against normal HUVEC cells. In the manuscript, we proposed a preliminary mechanism accounting for the in vitro activity of Trifolium pratense L. isoflavones. In this manner, T. pratense sprouts, especially after their lactic fermentation, can be considered a potent source of biological active phytoestrogens and a dietary supplement with anti-cancer and anti-invasion properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Isoflavone Intake and Human Health)
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24 pages, 1353 KiB  
Article
New Evaluation of Isoflavone Exposure in the French Population
by Alexandre Lee, Laetitia Beaubernard, Valérie Lamothe and Catherine Bennetau-Pelissero
Nutrients 2019, 11(10), 2308; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102308 - 28 Sep 2019
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 5194
Abstract
The study relates the present evaluation of exposure to estrogenic isoflavones of French consumers through two approaches: (1) identification of the isoflavone sources in the French food offering, (2) a consumption-survey on premenopausal women. For the foodstuff approach 150 food-items were analysed for [...] Read more.
The study relates the present evaluation of exposure to estrogenic isoflavones of French consumers through two approaches: (1) identification of the isoflavone sources in the French food offering, (2) a consumption-survey on premenopausal women. For the foodstuff approach 150 food-items were analysed for genistein and daidzein. Additionally, 12,707 labels of processed-foods from French supermarket websites and a restaurant-supplier website were screened, and 1616 foodstuffs of interest were retained. The sources of phytoestrogens considered were soy, pea, broad bean and lupine. A price analysis was performed. A total of 270 premenopausal women from the French metropolitan territory were interviewed for their global diet habits and soy consumption and perception. In supermarkets, there were significantly less selected foodstuffs containing soy than in restaurant (11.76% vs. 25.71%, p < 0.01). There was significantly more soy in low price-foodstuff in supermarket (p < 0.01). Isoflavone levels ranged from 81 to 123,871 µg per portion of the analyzed soy containing foodstuff. Among the women inquired 46.3% claimed to have soy regularly. Isoflavone intake >45 mg/day is associated to vegan-diet (p < 0.01). In total, 11.9% of soy-consumers had a calculated isoflavone intake >50 mg/day. This dose can lengthen the menstrual cycles. The actual exposure to phytoestrogen is likely to have an effect in a part of the French population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Isoflavone Intake and Human Health)
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Review

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15 pages, 518 KiB  
Review
Isoflavone Supplements for Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review
by Li-Ru Chen, Nai-Yu Ko and Kuo-Hu Chen
Nutrients 2019, 11(11), 2649; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112649 - 4 Nov 2019
Cited by 122 | Viewed by 25822
Abstract
Isoflavones have gained popularity as an alternative treatment for menopausal symptoms for people who cannot or are unwilling to take hormone replacement therapy. However, there is still no consensus on the effects of isoflavones despite over two decades of vigorous research. This systematic [...] Read more.
Isoflavones have gained popularity as an alternative treatment for menopausal symptoms for people who cannot or are unwilling to take hormone replacement therapy. However, there is still no consensus on the effects of isoflavones despite over two decades of vigorous research. This systematic review aims to summarize the current literature on isoflavone supplements, focusing on the active ingredients daidzein, genistein, and S-equol, and provide a framework to guide future research. We performed a literature search in Ovid Medline using the search terms “isoflavone” and “menopause”, which yielded 95 abstracts and 68 full-text articles. We found that isoflavones reduce hot flashes even accounting for placebo effect, attenuate lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) loss, show beneficial effects on systolic blood pressure during early menopause, and improve glycemic control in vitro. There are currently no conclusive benefits of isoflavones on urogenital symptoms and cognition. Due to the lack of standardized research protocols including isoflavone component and dosage, outcomes, and trial duration, it is difficult to reach a conclusion at this point in time. Despite these limitations, the evidence thus far favors the use of isoflavones due to their safety profile and benefit to overall health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Isoflavone Intake and Human Health)
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