The Role of Diet on Insulin Sensitivity
A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2020) | Viewed by 111661
Special Issue Editors
Interests: pathophysiology of insulin action and insulin signaling; molecular genetics of type 2 diabetes and severe insulin resistance syndromes; gestational diabetes mellitus; pharmacogenetics of type 2 diabetes; obesity, inflammation and cancer; transcriptional regulation of glucose metabolism; mechanisms of gene regulation and transcription networks; pituitary and thyroid tumors; animal models of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes; diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in diabetes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Interests: thyroid; insulin sensitivity; polyphenols; nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
Insulin resistance (IR) is a pathological condition strictly associated with obesity, in which peripheral insulin target tissues (namely, skeletal muscle, liver, and fat) fail to respond properly to normal levels of circulating insulin. As the cardinal feature of metabolic syndrome, IR can be linked to type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cardiovascular disease, infertility, maternal and obstetric complications of pregnancy, cancer, and cognitive impairment. Among the factors that modulate insulin action in target tissues, nutrition and diet are of paramount importance. Plant-based diets rich in polyphenols, such as the Mediterranean and Asian diets, ameliorate insulin sensitivity and can provide both short- and long-term health benefits in insulin-resistant populations, representing a potential nutritional approach to curb the epidemic of obesity and diabetes. Polyphenols are a large and heterogeneous group of molecules, which act as caloric restriction mimickers, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-hyperglycemic properties. Although the underlying molecular mechanism(s) that trigger insulin action remain poorly understood, initial differences between the polyphenol subclasses have been disclosed. While phenolic compounds in extra-virgin olive oil, such as oleuropein and its degradation product oleacein, reduce the hepatic expression of SREBP-1, FAS, and p-ERK, thus implying improved hepatic insulin sensitivity, flavan-3-ols, resveratrol, and other polyphenols may stimulate skeletal muscle glucose uptake by activating the AMPK–SIRT1–PGC-1α pathway. This Special Issue of Nutrients aims at providing insights into the role of diet and nutraceuticals on insulin sensitivity and their implications for metabolic functions. Submissions may include original clinical and preclinical research, including animal model studies and in vitro cell-based systems, as well as comprehensive reviews outlining the dietary and nutraceutical modulation of insulin action/signaling with a major impact on IR markers.
Prof. Antonio Brunetti
Prof. Diego Russo
Guest Editors
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Keywords
- Insulin sensitivity
- Insulin signaling
- Nutraceuticals
- Dietary compounds
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