Feature Papers in Endocrines

A special issue of Endocrines (ISSN 2673-396X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2022) | Viewed by 40143

Special Issue Editor


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
Interests: pathophysiology of insulin action and insulin signaling; molecular genetics of type 2 diabetes and severe insulin resistance syndromes; gestational diabetes mellitus; pharmacogenetics of type 2 diabetes; obesity, inflammation and cancer; transcriptional regulation of glucose metabolism; mechanisms of gene regulation and transcription networks; pituitary and thyroid tumors; animal models of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes; diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in diabetes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This is a Special Issue of top-quality papers published free of charge (APC = 0) in Open Access form by the editorial board members, or leading experts invited by the editorial office and the Editor-in-Chief. Papers should be long research papers (or review articles) with a full and detailed summary of the author’s own work carried out so far.

Prof. Dr. Antonio Brunetti
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Endocrines is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome
  • lipid metabolism and cardiovascular implications
  • adrenal disorders and electrolyte balance
  • thyroid endocrinology
  • parathyroid disorders, mineral metabolism, and bone functions
  • neuroendocrinology and pituitary disorders
  • endocrine oncology
  • andrology and male sexual function
  • female reproductive system and pregnancy endocrinology
  • exercise endocrinology
  • endocrine immunology, cytokines, and cell signaling
  • pediatric endocrinology and growth disorders

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (10 papers)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review

8 pages, 1075 KiB  
Article
Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Antagonist JV-1-36 Suppresses Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in A549 Lung Cancer Cells
by Khadeja-Tul Kubra, Mohammad S. Akhter, Kaitlyn Apperley and Nektarios Barabutis
Endocrines 2022, 3(4), 813-820; https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines3040067 - 9 Dec 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2274
Abstract
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and its receptors are expressed in a variety of human cancers, and have been involved in malignancies. GHRH antagonists (GHRHAnt) were developed to suppress tumor progression and metastasis. Previous studies demonstrate the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in [...] Read more.
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and its receptors are expressed in a variety of human cancers, and have been involved in malignancies. GHRH antagonists (GHRHAnt) were developed to suppress tumor progression and metastasis. Previous studies demonstrate the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer progression. Herein, we investigate the effect of a commercially available GHRH antagonist, namely JV-1-36, in the redox status of the A549 human cancer cell line. Our results suggest that this peptide significantly reduces ROS production in those cells in a time-dependent manner and counteracts H2O2-induced ROS. Our study supports the anti-oxidative effects of JV-1-36 and contributes in our knowledge towards the in vitro effects of GHRHAnt in cancers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Endocrines)
Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 588 KiB  
Article
The Initial ATA Risk Classification, but Not the AJCC/TNM Stage, Predicts the Persistence or Relapse of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Long-Term Surveillance
by Stefania Giuliano, Maria Mirabelli, Eusebio Chiefari, Vera Tocci, Alessandra Donnici, Stefano Iuliano, Alessandro Salatino, Daniela Patrizia Foti, Antonio Aversa and Antonio Brunetti
Endocrines 2022, 3(3), 512-521; https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines3030041 - 10 Aug 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2839
Abstract
Background: The American Joint Commission on Cancer on Tumor Node Metastasis (AJCC/TNM) staging system provides adequate information on the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC)-specific mortality in totally thyroidectomized patients, but its role in predicting persistence and relapse of disease is uncertain. The [...] Read more.
Background: The American Joint Commission on Cancer on Tumor Node Metastasis (AJCC/TNM) staging system provides adequate information on the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC)-specific mortality in totally thyroidectomized patients, but its role in predicting persistence and relapse of disease is uncertain. The relatively new 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines recommend stratifying patients at the time of DTC diagnosis with its own risk classification system, in order to identify those at high risk of residual or recurrent morbidity who may benefit from post-operative radioiodine (RAI) administration and/or need additional work-up. Methods: To verify the prevalence proportion of persistence or relapse of disease, a consecutive cohort of 152 patients with a diagnosis of DTC, subjected to total thyroidectomy (+/− post-operative RAI administration as per guidelines indication) and to neck ultrasonography (US), as well as biochemical surveillance for a minimum of 2 years at the Endocrinology Unit of Mater-Domini Hospital (Catanzaro, Italy), was enrolled. The prognostic role of the AJCC/TNM stage and ATA risk classification system was analyzed by logistic regression. Results: At a mean of 9 years after surgical treatment, DTC was found to persist or relapse in 19 (12.5%) participants. The initial risk for these outcomes, based on the ATA classification, was mostly low (53.9%) or intermediate (39.5%). AJCC/TNM stages were predominantly stage I or stage II. Despite a small representation in this cohort, high-risk patients according to the ATA classification had 8-fold higher odds of persistence or relapse of disease than those of low-risk participants, while controlling for potential risk modifiers, including age at DTC diagnosis, male gender, and post-operative RAI administration (p = 0.008). In contrast, the AJCC/TNM stage was not associated with the disease status at the last follow-up visit (p = 0.068 for the 7th Edition; p = 0.165 for the 8th Edition). Furthermore, low-risk participants subjected to post-operative RAI administration had the same probability of persistence or relapse of DTC when compared to those who had undergone total thyroidectomy only. Conclusions: There is a need for the endocrine community to revise the current work-up of DTC. The initial ATA risk classification is a reliable tool for predicting the persistence or relapse of disease in long-term surveillance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Endocrines)
Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 1426 KiB  
Article
The Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Contributes to cAMP-Induced Steroidogenesis in MA-10 Leydig Cells
by Zoheir B. Demmouche and Jacques J. Tremblay
Endocrines 2022, 3(3), 460-475; https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines3030037 - 28 Jul 2022
Viewed by 2523
Abstract
Leydig cells produce androgens which are essential for male sex differentiation and reproductive functions. Steroidogenesis, as well as expression of several genes in Leydig cells, are stimulated by LH/cAMP and repressed by AMP/AMPK. One of those genes is Plau, which codes for [...] Read more.
Leydig cells produce androgens which are essential for male sex differentiation and reproductive functions. Steroidogenesis, as well as expression of several genes in Leydig cells, are stimulated by LH/cAMP and repressed by AMP/AMPK. One of those genes is Plau, which codes for the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), a secreted serine protease. The role of uPA and the regulation of Plau expression in Leydig cells remain unknown. Using siRNA-mediated knockdown, uPA was required for maximal cAMP-induced STAR and steroid hormone production in MA-10 Leydig cells. Analysis of Plau mRNA levels and promoter activity revealed that its expression is strongly induced by cAMP; this induction is blunted by AMPK. The cAMP-responsive region was located, in part, in the proximal Plau promoter that contains a species-conserved GC box at −56 bp. The transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) activated the Plau promoter. Mutation of the GC box at −56 bp abolished KLF6-mediated activation and significantly reduced cAMP-induced Plau promoter activity. These data define a role for uPA in Leydig cell steroidogenesis and provide insights into the regulation of Plau gene expression in these cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Endocrines)
Show Figures

Figure 1

7 pages, 275 KiB  
Article
Familial Diabetes in Obese PCOS Predisposes Individuals to Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia and Insulin Resistance (IR) Also for Reduced Hepatic Insulin Extraction (HIE)
by Alessandro D. Genazzani, Christian Battipaglia, Elisa Semprini, Melania Arnesano, Fedora Ambrosetti, Alessandra Sponzilli, Veronica Tomatis and Tabatha Petrillo
Endocrines 2022, 3(2), 296-302; https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines3020024 - 20 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2467
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a frequent reproductive disease characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo /anovulation, and polycystic aspects at ultrasound. In these last years, a body of evidence disclosed the frequent occurrence in PCOS patients of insulin resistance (IR) and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Aim: [...] Read more.
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a frequent reproductive disease characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo /anovulation, and polycystic aspects at ultrasound. In these last years, a body of evidence disclosed the frequent occurrence in PCOS patients of insulin resistance (IR) and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Aim: To evaluate whether any relationship exists between IR, compensatory hyperinsulinemia and familial predisposition to diabetes. Methods: A group of overweight/obese PCOS patients (n = 84) was selected from our Clinic database according to the Rotterdam criteria and the following parameters were extracted from the database: insulin, C Peptide, aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), HOMA (Homeostasis Model Assessment) index, total cholesterol, LDL (Low Density Lypoprotein), HDL (High Density Lypoprotein), and body mass index (BMI). The presence and absence of diabetes among first grade relatives (parents and/or grandparents) were also considered. The Hepatic Insulin Extraction (HIE) index was computed as a ratio between insulin and C-Peptide plasma levels. Results: PCOS patients with familial diabetes showed higher levels of ALT, AST, HOMA index, and HIE. Baseline insulin levels above 12 μU/mL were more frequently observed in PCOS with familial diabetes. HIE index, ALT, and AST were higher in these latter PCOS patients than in PCOS without diabetic first grade relatives, sustaining the hypothesis of an impaired liver clearance of insulin in the case of familial diabetes. Conclusions: According to our study, the presence of anamnestic evidence of familial diabetes together with baseline levels of insulin higher that 12 µIU/mL and elevated transaminase levels should be considered as a consistent clinical suspect of liver impairment that might trigger compensatory hyperinsulinemia and lead to NAFLD and liver steatosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Endocrines)
7 pages, 455 KiB  
Communication
The Kisspeptin System in Male Reproduction
by Rosaria Meccariello
Endocrines 2022, 3(2), 168-174; https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines3020015 - 1 Apr 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3852
Abstract
The kisspeptin system includes the cleavage products Kiss1 precursor and kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1R). It was originally discovered and studied in cancer metastasis, but the identification of KISS1/KISS1R gene mutations causing hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) revealed unexpected effects in reproduction. Nowadays, the kisspeptin system is [...] Read more.
The kisspeptin system includes the cleavage products Kiss1 precursor and kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1R). It was originally discovered and studied in cancer metastasis, but the identification of KISS1/KISS1R gene mutations causing hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) revealed unexpected effects in reproduction. Nowadays, the kisspeptin system is the main central gatekeeper of the reproductive axis at puberty and adulthood, but it also has a widespread functional role in the control of endocrine functions. At the periphery, Kiss1 and Kiss1R are expressed in the testes, but the need for kisspeptin signaling for spermatogenesis and sperm quality is still unclear and debated. This brief manuscript summarizes the main findings on kisspeptin and male reproduction; upcoming data on sperm maturation are also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Endocrines)
Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 18952 KiB  
Article
PRDX4 Potentially Predicts the Postoperative Outcome in Advanced Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
by Yuki Takaoka, Xin Guo, Akihiro Shioya, Jia Han, Yuzo Shimode, Yoshiaki Kobayasi, Morimasa Kitamura, Hiroyuki Tsuji and Sohsuke Yamada
Endocrines 2022, 3(1), 139-149; https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines3010013 - 17 Mar 2022
Viewed by 2297
Abstract
Background: Peroxiredoxin 4 (PRDX4), a secreted antioxidant enzyme, can protect against hepatocellular carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma, but its role in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the association of the PRDX4 expression with the prognosis of patients [...] Read more.
Background: Peroxiredoxin 4 (PRDX4), a secreted antioxidant enzyme, can protect against hepatocellular carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma, but its role in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the association of the PRDX4 expression with the prognosis of patients with advanced PTC. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study at Kanazawa Medical University Hospital. We selected PTC patients over 55 years of age who received surgery from 2006 to 2014. The PRDX4 expression was immunohistochemically analyzed in paraffin-embedded tumor specimens of 70 patients with stages Ⅱ–Ⅳ advanced PTC. We also investigated the key roles of PRDX4 in a human PTC cell line (K-1) in vitro. Result: The weak expression of PRDX4 was found to be significantly associated with recurrence. In a multivariate analysis, the weak expression of PRDX4—rather than other pathological features of high invasiveness—predicted a poor prognosis. In vitro, the viability of human PTC cells was significantly suppressed after PRXD4 plasmid transfection. Conclusion: The weak expression of PRDX4 can predict recurrence with a potential poor prognosis in advanced PTC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Endocrines)
Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 814 KiB  
Article
Effects of Moxonidine Administration on Serum Neuropeptide Y Levels in Hypertensive Individuals: A Prospective Observational Study
by Eleni Karlafti, Triantafyllos Didangelos, Emmanouil Benioudakis, Evangelia Kotzakioulafi, Georgia Kaiafa, Vasileios Kotsis, Antonios Ziakas, Michail Doumas, Antonios Goulas and Christos Savopoulos
Endocrines 2022, 3(1), 43-52; https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines3010004 - 12 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3792
Abstract
Moxonidine is a centrally acting, anti-hypertensive medication that exerts additional metabolic properties. It is unknown whether its effects are mediated by neurotransmitters or sympathetic tone regulators, including Neuropeptide Y (NPY). In this study, we evaluated the effects of moxonidine administration on serum NPY [...] Read more.
Moxonidine is a centrally acting, anti-hypertensive medication that exerts additional metabolic properties. It is unknown whether its effects are mediated by neurotransmitters or sympathetic tone regulators, including Neuropeptide Y (NPY). In this study, we evaluated the effects of moxonidine administration on serum NPY in humans. Methods: Ninety individuals with mild or moderate arterial hypertension that required monotherapy were categorized in three age and gender-matched groups according to their Body Mass Index (BMI) as normal weight (n = 30), overweight (n = 30), and obese (n = 30). Moxonidine was administered in therapeutic doses of up to 0.6 mg daily for 12 weeks, and clinical, biochemical and hormonal parameters were recorded. Results: In all three groups, a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate was shown. After treatment, BMI, 24 h urine catecholamines and catecholamines’ metabolites, and serum total cholesterol were also reduced. Most importantly, we found a decrease in serum NPY levels in all study groups, with the largest mean decrease in the group of obese and overweight participants compared to normal weight. Conclusions: Moxonidine administration results in improvement in cardio-metabolic parameters, as well as a decrease in serum NPY levels, which therefore represents it being a potent agent against obesity-associated hypertension. Its involvement in energy balance regulation warrants further investigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Endocrines)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

20 pages, 3007 KiB  
Review
Dysmetabolic Iron Overload Syndrome: Going beyond the Traditional Risk Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome
by Sandra Maria Barbalho, Lucas Fornari Laurindo, Ricardo José Tofano, Uri Adrian Prync Flato, Claudemir G. Mendes, Ricardo de Alvares Goulart, Ana Maria Gonçalves Milla Briguezi and Marcelo Dib Bechara
Endocrines 2023, 4(1), 18-37; https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines4010002 - 16 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6855
Abstract
Dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome (DIOS) corresponds to the increase in iron stores associated with components of metabolic syndrome (MtS) and in the absence of an identifiable cause of iron excess. The objective of this work was to review the main aspects of DIOS. [...] Read more.
Dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome (DIOS) corresponds to the increase in iron stores associated with components of metabolic syndrome (MtS) and in the absence of an identifiable cause of iron excess. The objective of this work was to review the main aspects of DIOS. PUBMED and EMBASE were consulted, and PRISMA guidelines were followed. DIOS is usually asymptomatic and can be diagnosed by investigating MtS and steatosis. About 50% of the patients present altered hepatic biochemical tests (increased levels of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase itself or associated with increased levels of alanine aminotransferase). The liver may present parenchymal and mesenchymal iron overload, but the excess of iron is commonly mild. Steatosis or steatohepatitis is observed in half of the patients. Fibrosis is observed in about 15% of patients. Hyperferritinemia may damage the myocardium, liver, and several other tissues, increasing morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, DIOS is closely related to oxidative stress, which is closely associated with several pathological conditions such as inflammatory diseases, hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, and cancer. DIOS is becoming a relevant finding in the general population and can be associated with high morbidity/mortality. For these reasons, investigation of this condition could be an additional requirement for the early prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Endocrines)
Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 316 KiB  
Review
Review on the Transgender Literature: Where Are We Now and a Step beyond the Current Practice?
by Dilini Abeyratne, Gowri Malka Ratnayake, Udai Akalanka Wijetunga, Umesha Wijenayake and Uditha Sirimevan Bulugahapitiya
Endocrines 2022, 3(2), 317-328; https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines3020026 - 2 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 7093
Abstract
The transgender concept is described as a clinically significant distress due to the incongruity between the experienced gender and assigned gender. A transgender person carries a gender identity that is different from their assigned sex at birth. Transgender people may be binary: male [...] Read more.
The transgender concept is described as a clinically significant distress due to the incongruity between the experienced gender and assigned gender. A transgender person carries a gender identity that is different from their assigned sex at birth. Transgender people may be binary: male to female (transgender women) or female to male (transgender men) or genderqueer (non-binary, fluid or variable gender expression). The binary concept has been described in transgender population, where the term transwomen is used to describe people assigned male at birth (AMAB) who are recognized as females during gender transition; with the term transmen where they are assigned female at birth (AFAB) and are then recognized as males in gender transition. According to the DSM-5 classification, gender dysphoria is described when a transgender person develops clinically relevant bio-psychosocial suffering. Currently, the transgender population has gained massive public awareness through social media and gained a considerable level of attention globally. Several studies on transgender populations from different parts of the world have shown real discrimination and stigma towards transgender people, which sometimes acts as a barrier to the provision of the required care for them. Lack of access to the required information, legal issues, lack of solutions to fertility problems, financial constraints, and psychological and emotional obstacles, together with risk of sexually transmitted infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), all make the life of a transgender person more complicated. Testosterone therapy is a hormone-based therapy for transgender men that provides a body image tallying with the favored gender identification, whereas estrogen and androgen-suppressing agents are used in transgender females to produce changes compatible with their required gender identity. Gender affirmation surgery is a broad term, under which the genital reconstruction is described as a major component. Psychological conditions such as depression, substance abuse, suicidal deaths, and sexually transmitted infections, particularly among males having sex with males, are reported at a significantly higher rate among transgender populations. Cardiovascular morbidity is higher among this population, and continuous medical surveillance is warranted. Medical care provision to transgender populations should be handled with great care, while attending to the unmet needs of this population, as this care should extend beyond routine hormonal therapy and gender reassignment surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Endocrines)
21 pages, 569 KiB  
Review
Inclusion and Withdrawal Criteria for Growth Hormone (GH) Therapy in Children with Idiopathic GH Deficiency—Towards Following the Evidence but Still with Unresolved Problems
by Joanna Smyczyńska
Endocrines 2022, 3(1), 55-75; https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines3010006 - 28 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5105
Abstract
According to current guidelines, growth hormone (GH) therapy is strongly recommended in children and adolescents with GH deficiency (GHD) in order to accelerate growth rate and attain normal adult height. The diagnosis of GHD requires demonstration of decreased GH secretion in stimulation tests, [...] Read more.
According to current guidelines, growth hormone (GH) therapy is strongly recommended in children and adolescents with GH deficiency (GHD) in order to accelerate growth rate and attain normal adult height. The diagnosis of GHD requires demonstration of decreased GH secretion in stimulation tests, below the established threshold value. Currently, GHD in children is classified as secondary insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) deficiency. Most children diagnosed with isolated GHD present with normal GH secretion at the attainment of near-final height or even in mid-puberty. The most important clinical problems, related to the diagnosis of isolated GHD in children and to optimal duration of rhGH therapy include: arbitrary definition of subnormal GH peak in stimulation tests, disregarding factors influencing GH secretion, insufficient diagnostic accuracy and poor reproducibility of GH stimulation tests, discrepancies between spontaneous and stimulated GH secretion, clinical entity of neurosecretory dysfunction, discrepancies between IGF-1 concentrations and results of GH stimulation tests, significance of IGF-1 deficiency for the diagnosis of GHD, and a need for validation IGF-1 reference ranges. Many of these issues have remained unresolved for 25 years or even longer. It seems that finding solutions to them should optimize diagnostics and therapy of children with short stature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Endocrines)
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Back to TopTop