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Dietary Patterns, Dietary Intake, Dietary Behaviours and Health

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2024 | Viewed by 6637

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dongmei Yu

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Guest Editor

National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
Interests: dietary intake; dietary intake; hypertension; overweight and obesity; dietary behaviours
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Xiangqian Lao

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Guest Editor

Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
Interests: dietary intake; undernutrition; obesity; chronic disease; cardiovascular disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Eating a balanced variety of nutritious foods can help individuals to stay healthy. The associations between dietary intake, dietary patterns, dietary behaviours and health need to be further illustrated. This upcoming Special Issue will present a series of articles covering the topics dietary intake/patterns/behaviours and their relationship to undernutrition, overweight and obesity, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and so on. The main findings from these papers will provide solid evidence to underscore future policy making for improvements in nutrition among populations of all ages.

Dr. Dongmei Yu
Dr. Xiangqian Lao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

dietary intake
dietary patterns
dietary behaviours
undernutrition
overweight
obesity
hypertension
metabolic syndrome
diabetes

Published Papers (7 papers)

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13 pages, 647 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Deficiency of Energy and Nutrient and Gender Differences among Chinese Adults: China Nutrition and Health Survey (2015–2017)

by Xiaoqi Wei, Liyun Zhao, Hongyun Fang, Mulei Chen, Wei Piao, Lahong Ju, Shuya Cai, Yuxiang Yang, Yuge Li, Fusheng Li, Jiaxi Li, Jing Nan and Dongmei Yu

Nutrients 2024, 16(14), 2371; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142371 - 22 Jul 2024

Viewed by 424

Abstract

Half of Chinese adults face the double burden of overweight/obesity and micronutrient deficiencies, and nearly 40% of them are severely overweight/obese or have micronutrient deficiencies. This study used the data from China Nutrition and Health Survey (CNHS) from 2015 to 2017 to estimate the prevalence of inadequate dietary micronutrient intake (including vitamin A, vitamin B₁, vitamin B₂, vitamin C, cCalcium, iron and sodium) in Chinese adults and further determine the differences in micronutrient intake by gender, age and BMI. A total of 61,768 subjects were included in this study, of which 33,262 (54%) were female. The intake of energy and all macronutrients decreased with age, and the intake was higher in men than in women. Inadequate energy intake occurs in adults of all ages. In terms of nutrient intake, women had a higher rate of insufficient carbohydrate intake than men in all age groups. Inadequate protein intake was more common in women aged 18–49 years (60.9%) than in men. Compared with women, men had a higher rate of vitamin B2 intake. Insufficient vitamin B3 intake was more common in women aged 18–49 years (35.6%), men aged 65–79 years (39.7%) and men aged 80 years and above (47.9%). In all age groups, insufficient vitamin C intake is higher in women than in men—up to 85.8 percent in women aged 80 years old and above. Compared with men in the same age group, insufficient intake of calcium and iron is more obvious in women. Women have significantly higher rates of inadequate intake of calcium, iron and sodium than men. In the analysis of correlations between BMI or demographic data and micronutrient intakes, the likelihood of micronutrient intakes being insufficient was higher in the central and western regions in all age groups compared to the eastern regions. The risk of insufficient micronutrient intake was higher in obese men and women aged 18–49 years and 50–64 years. Underweight and overweight women in the 65–79 age group were more likely to have inadequate micronutrient intake. Obese women over 80 years of age were less likely to have inadequate micronutrient intake. No significant difference was found between urban and rural areas for each age group. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns, Dietary Intake, Dietary Behaviours and Health)

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17 pages, 2828 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Combined Effects of the Most Important Dietary Patterns on the Incidence and Prevalence of Chronic Renal Failure: Results from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and Mendelian Analyses

by Yanqiu Huang, Shiyu Xu, Tingya Wan, Xiaoyu Wang, Shuo Jiang, Wentao Shi, Shuai Ma and Hui Wang

Nutrients 2024, 16(14), 2248; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142248 - 12 Jul 2024

Viewed by 568

Abstract

Background: We aimed to comprehensively assess the relationship of specific dietary patterns and various nutrients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its progression. Methods: The observational study data were from the NHANES 2005–2020. We calculated four dietary pattern scores (healthy eating index 2020 (HEI-2020), dietary inflammatory index (DII), alternative mediterranean diet (aMed), and dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH)) and the intakes of various nutrients and defined CKD, CKD—very high risk, and kidney dialysis. Associations between dietary patterns and nutrients and disease were assessed by means of two logistic regression models. Two-sample MR was performed with various food and nutrients as the exposure and CKD, kidney dialysis as the outcome. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to verify the reliability of the results. Results: A total of 25,167 participants were included in the analyses, of whom 4161 had CKD. HEI-2020, aMed, and DASH were significantly negatively associated with CKD and CKD—very high risk at higher quartiles, while DII was significantly positively associated. A higher intake of vitamins and minerals may reduce the incidence and progression of CKD to varying degrees. The MR results, corrected for false discovery rates, showed that a higher sodium intake was associated with a higher prevalence of CKD (OR: 3.91, 95%CI: 2.55, 5.99). Conclusions: Adhering to the three dietary patterns of HEI-2020, aMed, and DASH and supplementing with vitamins and minerals benefits kidney health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns, Dietary Intake, Dietary Behaviours and Health)

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15 pages, 2637 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Food Resource Management and Healthy Eating Focus Associates with Diet Quality and Health Behaviors in Low-Income Adults

by Manije Darooghegi Mofrad, Briana M. Nosal, Daniela C. Avelino, Kate Killion, Michael Puglisi, Valerie B. Duffy and Ock K. Chun

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2043; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132043 - 27 Jun 2024

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Abstract

Nutrition education and food resource management (FRM) can assist food-insecure individuals in acquiring healthy and affordable food. We aimed to assess the relationships between FRM skills and healthy eating focus with diet quality and health-related behaviors in low-income adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey of 276 low-income adults living in a low-food-access community in Northeast Connecticut. Through analysis of covariance, adults who usually or always had a meal plan, considered reading nutrition labels important, made a grocery list, were concerned about their food healthiness, and rated their diet quality as very good/excellent reported higher diet quality (frequency-based and liking-based scores) (p < 0.05 for all). Individuals who considered reading food labels very important and reported having a good diet reported less frequent pandemic-related unhealthy behaviors (consumption of candy and snack chips, soda or sugary drinks, weight gain, smoking) (p < 0.001). Furthermore, higher-frequency-based diet quality was associated with lower risk of overweight or obesity (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.76; p-trend < 0.01). Thus, FRM skills and healthy eating focus were associated with higher diet quality and healthier self-reported changes in diet, weight, and smoking behaviors during the pandemic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns, Dietary Intake, Dietary Behaviours and Health)

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12 pages, 672 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Patterns among Smokers and Non-Smokers: Findings from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2018

by Wenxue Lin, Hani A. Alfheeaid, Ibrahim Alasqah, Nada Alqarawi, Saad Abdullah Alotaibi, Fatmah Fahad Alribdi, Sulaiman Almutairi, Maria João Lima, Edite Teixeira-Lemos and António Raposo

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2035; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132035 - 27 Jun 2024

Viewed by 703

Abstract

Diet behavior and nutrition are critical for maintaining health and improving quality of life. Cigarette smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Poor dietary choices, such as excessively frequenting restaurants, consuming ready-to-eat foods from grocery stores, and ingesting ultra-processed foods (like frozen meals and pizzas), can adversely impact health. Despite this, research comparing dietary behaviors between smokers and non-smokers is limited. Using data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2017–2018, we analyzed diet behavior based on smoking status. Our findings reveal that smokers had a significant increase (90%) in the frequency of consuming frozen meals/pizzas in the past 30 days compared to non-smokers (coefficient: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.4, 2.6; p-value < 0.001). Additionally, over 70% of participants, regardless of their smoking status, were unaware of MyPlate, a nutritional guide created by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) to encourage Americans to make healthier food choices. There is an urgent need to increase public awareness of MyPlate and promote a better understanding of healthy dietary behaviors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns, Dietary Intake, Dietary Behaviours and Health)

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17 pages, 542 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Patterns of Pregnant Women and Their Association with Diet Quality Measures: A Comparative Analysis

by Andreea-Maria Mitran, Alina Delia Popa, Andreea Gherasim, Otilia Nita, Laura Mihalache, Lidia Iuliana Arhire, Dumitru Gafitanu, Monica Hancianu and Oana Cioanca

Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1736; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111736 - 1 Jun 2024

Viewed by 636

Abstract

Healthy dietary patterns during pregnancy are crucial for ensuring maternal and foetal health outcomes. Numerous methodologies exist for assessing the diet of pregnant women, including dietary patterns and various appraisal tools of diet quality. This study aimed to assess the dietary patterns and diet quality of pregnant women and to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns, diet quality estimators, and the adequacy of nutrient intake. EPIC FFQ was applied to a sample of 251 pregnant women, and questionnaires were interpreted with the FETA program. Dietary patterns were then determined by means of principal component analysis. Our results showed a substantial association between dietary patterns and total diet quality, as measured by the Diet Quality Index for Pregnancy (DQI-Pc), PURE Healthy Diet Score, and FIGO Diet Quality Score. We also found correlations between certain dietary patterns and particular nutrient intakes recommended by the European Food Safety Authority during pregnancy. The most deficient intake was registered for iron (86.1%), zinc (87.3%) and magnesium (79.3%), posing a threat to normal bone development, anaemia prophylaxis, and immune status. These results highlight the importance of assessing and understanding eating habits during pregnancy in order to achieve optimal outcomes for both the mother and the foetus. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns, Dietary Intake, Dietary Behaviours and Health)

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20 pages, 783 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Development and Evaluation of a Literature-Based Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota

by Bezawit E. Kase, Angela D. Liese, Jiajia Zhang, Elizabeth Angela Murphy, Longgang Zhao and Susan E. Steck

Nutrients 2024, 16(7), 1045; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16071045 - 3 Apr 2024

Viewed by 2054

Abstract

The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate a novel dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM) that captures dietary composition related to gut microbiota profiles. We conducted a literature review of longitudinal studies on the association of diet with gut microbiota in adult populations and extracted those dietary components with evidence of beneficial or unfavorable effects. Dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2005–2010, n = 3812) were used to compute the DI-GM, and associations with biomarkers of gut microbiota diversity (urinary enterodiol and enterolactone) were examined using linear regression. From a review of 106 articles, 14 foods or nutrients were identified as components of the DI-GM, including fermented dairy, chickpeas, soybean, whole grains, fiber, cranberries, avocados, broccoli, coffee, and green tea as beneficial components, and red meat, processed meat, refined grains, and high-fat diet (≥40% of energy from fat) as unfavorable components. Each component was scored 0 or 1 based on sex-specific median intakes, and scores were summed to develop the overall DI-GM score. In the NHANES, DI-GM scores ranged from 0–13 with a mean of 4.8 (SE = 0.04). Positive associations between DI-GM and urinary enterodiol and enterolactone were observed. The association of the novel DI-GM with markers of gut microbiota diversity demonstrates the potential utility of this index for gut health-related studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns, Dietary Intake, Dietary Behaviours and Health)

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8 pages, 225 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

A Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Prescription Program for Prenatal Patients in Flint, Michigan: Baseline Food Security and Dietary Intake

by Amy Saxe-Custack, Jenny LaChance and Jean M. Kerver

Nutrients 2024, 16(8), 1234; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16081234 - 21 Apr 2024

Viewed by 1079

Abstract

Although adequate nutritional status during pregnancy is necessary to support optimal fetal development, many low-income women have poor access to fresh, high-nutrient foods. To address these challenges, a pediatric fruit and vegetable (FV) prescription program was expanded to include pregnant women, providing one prescription for fresh FVs worth 15 US dollars during each prenatal office visit for redemption at farmers’/mobile markets. This analysis describes baseline sociodemographic characteristics, food security, and dietary intake among 253 pregnant women in Flint, Michigan in 2022–23. Dietary recall data were collected and analyzed using the Automated Self-Administered 24-h Tool developed by the US National Cancer Institute, with nutrition output reported in relation to adherence to US Dietary Guidelines. Most participants (mean ± SD age 26.51 ± 4.90 years) identified as African American (53%) and were receiving publicly funded health insurance (66%). Most (75%) reported no food insecurity, yet the majority failed to meet dietary recommendations for whole grains (99.3%), vegetables (93.1%), dairy (93.1%), and fruits (69.4%). Moreover, most did not meet micronutrient recommendations through food sources, including vitamin D (100%), iron (98.6%), folic acid (98.6%), vitamin A (82.6%), calcium (68.8%), and vitamin C (62.5%). Results raise deep concerns regarding diet and nutrition among pregnant women in this US city. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns, Dietary Intake, Dietary Behaviours and Health)

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