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Mechanism and Performance of Nano/Micro Electronic Device

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A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (19 May 2023) | Viewed by 12880

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Qunliang Song

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Guest Editor

Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energy, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Interests: perovskite solar cells; hot carrier solar cells; triboelectric nanogenerator; memory device

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Organic semiconductors and their corresponding electronic devices, including perovskite solar cells, organic solar cells, triboelectric nanogenerators and organic memory devices, have attracted great research attention because of the inherent merits of large-area, low-cost, solution-processible, flexible, and stretchable electronics. In recent decades, extensive research has been conducted to explore the mechanism and improve the electric performance of these electronic devices. However, further exploration of their mechanisms and improvement of the electric performance of these devices are still needed in order to meet the requirements for their use in various practical applications.

This Special Issue focuses on, but is not limited to, the exploration of the mechanism of interface effects, the charge transport process in these nano/micro electronic devices, and the further improvement of the electrical performance of these devices via material and device design and fabrication process optimization.

Prof. Dr. Qunliang Song
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

Interface process
Charge transfer process
Long-term stability
Perovskite solar cells
Triboelectric nanogenerator
Resistive switching memory device
Organic semiconductor device

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 7673 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Boosting Performance of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells by Diluting Hole Transport Layer

by Xiude Yang, Feng Lv, Yanqing Yao, Ping Li, Bo Wu, Cunyun Xu and Guangdong Zhou

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(22), 3941; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12223941 - 09 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1421

Abstract

In our study, by developing the diluted PEDOT:PSS (D-PEDOT:PSS) to replace PEDOT:PSS stock solution as hole transport layer (HTL) materials for fabricating the inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the performance of developed device with ITO/D-PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI_3−xCl_x/C₆₀/BCP/Ag structure is enhanced distinctly. Experimental results reveal that when the dilution ratio is 10:1, the optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the D-PEDOT:PSS device can reach up to 17.85% with an increase of 11.28% compared to the undiluted PEDOT:PSS device. A series of investigations have confirmed that the efficiency improvement is mainly attributed to the two aspects: on one hand, the transmittance and conductivity of D-PEDOT:PSS HTL are improved, and the density of defect states at the interface is reduced after dilution, promoting the separation and transmission of charges, thus the short-circuit current (J_SC) is significantly increased; on the other hand, the work function of D-PEDOT:PSS becomes more consistent with perovskite layer, and the voltage loss is reduced, so that the higher open circuit voltage (V_OC) is obtained. Our research has indicated that diluting HTL develops a simpler, more efficient and cost-effective method to further improve performance for inverted PSCs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanism and Performance of Nano/Micro Electronic Device)

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13 pages, 6222 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Portable Non-Destructive Magnetic Resonance Sensor for Assessing the Aging Status of Silicon Rubber Insulators

by Pan Guo, Liling Wang, Rui Wang, Bing Li and Zhirui Zhao

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(21), 3847; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12213847 - 31 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1183

Abstract

Silicone rubber insulators (SRIs) are widely used in high-voltage power grids. Due to high-voltage fields and harsh environmental conditions, SRIs eventually deteriorate with use in the power grid, decreasing their insulating performance and operational life and contributing to transmission line failures. Therefore, quantitatively assessing the aging status of SRIs is crucial. In this study, we evaluated the viability of the magnetic resonance method for assessing the age of SRIs at the level of chemical structure; we built and made a portable magnetic resonance sensor, and evaluated the sensor’s functionality. By measuring the SRI sheds at various service times, it was discovered that the equivalent transverse relaxation time, T_2eff, can describe the degree of aging of the SRIs. The results of the magnetic resonance measurements were also compared with those of the static contact angle method, and the two measurement methods yielded the same conclusions. However, the magnetic resonance method was more sensitive than the one using the static contact angle method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanism and Performance of Nano/Micro Electronic Device)

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6 pages, 1056 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dual Function Modification of Cs₂CO₃ for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

by Debei Liu, Qingxin Zeng, Cunyun Xu, Hongfei Liang, Lijia Chen and Qunliang Song

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(18), 3144; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12183144 - 10 Sep 2022

Viewed by 1365

Abstract

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) attract much attention in the field of solar cells due to their excellent photovoltaic performance. Many efforts have been devoted to improving their power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, few works focus on simultaneously improving their electrical and optical property. Herein, a simple strategy is proposed to improve the PCE from 19.8% of a reference device to 22.9%, by utilizing cesium carbonate (Cs₂CO₃) to modify indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. The insertion of a Cs₂CO₃-modification layer between ITO substrate and SnO₂ electron transport layer simultaneously offers two benefits: improving the electron extraction capability and adjusting the light field distribution in the device. The optical optimization effect of Cs₂CO₃ revealed in this work has not been reported before. This work provides a new and simple strategy to obtain high performance PeSCs by improving the electrical and optical properties of the devices at the same time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanism and Performance of Nano/Micro Electronic Device)

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Graphical abstract

8 pages, 2540 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Surface Charge Characteristics of Ferroelectric LiNbO₃ on Wettability of Ionic Liquids

by Bo Tang, Yiwen Zhao, Sen Yang, Zhiang Guo, Zhenhui Wang, An Xing and Xiaoyan Liu

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(12), 2085; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12122085 - 17 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1452

Abstract

Electrowetting is a widely used and effective method to tune the wettability of ionic liquids at solid-liquid interfaces, but it usually requires an external electric field. Here, we proposed a strategy for conveniently tuning ionic liquid wettability by adopting ferroelectric LiNbO₃ single crystals as functional substrates. A heating pretreatment process was applied to modulate the surface charge characteristics of LiNbO₃ substrates, leading to an improved wettability of [EMIM][BF₄] and [EMIM][NTf₂] on the LiNbO₃ substrates with both positively poled (+Z) and negatively poled (−Z) surfaces. This work may be of great interest in the field of ferroelectric-based microelectronics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanism and Performance of Nano/Micro Electronic Device)

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9 pages, 1691 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Inverted Perovskite Solar Cell with Good Comprehensive Performance Realized by Reducing the Concentration of Precursors

by Lijia Chen, Cunyun Xu, Yan Qin, Xiaofeng He, Hongyu Bian, Gaobo Xu, Lianbin Niu and Qunliang Song

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(10), 1736; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12101736 - 19 May 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2437

Abstract

Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit great potential for industrial application thanks to their low complexity and low fabrication temperature. Aiming at commercial applications, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the material consumption and its corresponding electrical performance. Here, a simple strategy has been proposed to obtain inverted PSCs with comprehensive performance, that is, reaching an acceptable electrical performance by reducing the usage of perovskite. More precisely, the inverted PSCs, whose perovskite film is prepared by 1.0 M precursor, yields a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.50%, fulfilling the requirement for real commercial application. In addition, the thickness of the electron transport layer (C₆₀ in this work) in the above inverted PSCs was further optimized by comparing the simulated absorption spectrum, J-V characteristics and impedance with three different thicknesses of C₆₀ layer. More excitingly, the optimized device displays high storage stability which maintains more than 90% of its initial PCE for 28 days. Therefore, our work provides a simple and cost-effective method to reach good comprehensive performance of inverted PSCs for commercial applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanism and Performance of Nano/Micro Electronic Device)

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10 pages, 2848 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effective Double Electron Transport Layer Inducing Crystallization of Active Layer for Improving the Performance of Organic Solar Cells

by Ping Li, Lijia Chen, Xiaoyan Hu, Lirong He, Zezhuan Jiang, Minghao Luo, Haishen Huang, Wei Yuan and Yinghu He

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12010015 - 22 Dec 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2600

Abstract

Interface modification plays an important role in enhancing the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of organic solar cells. In this work, alkali metal lithium chloride (LiCl) was introduced between indium tin oxide and polyethyleneimine ethoxylate (PEIE) to prepare a double-layer electron transport layer. Results show that the introduction of LiCl has dual functions. The first function is that LiCl can enhance conductivity, thereby facilitating charge collection. The second function is that the double-layer electron transport layer based on LiCl can induce the crystallization of active layer, thereby enhancing charge transport. Devices with LiCl/PEIE double layer achieve a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.84%, which is 21.5% higher than that of pristine devices (the PCE of pristine devices with pure PEIE interface layer is 3.16%). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanism and Performance of Nano/Micro Electronic Device)

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Review

Jump to: Research

42 pages, 46392 KiB

Open AccessReview

Electron-Beam-Pumped UVC Emitters Based on an (Al,Ga)N Material System

by Valentin Jmerik, Vladimir Kozlovsky and Xinqiang Wang

Nanomaterials 2023, 13(14), 2080; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13142080 - 15 Jul 2023

Viewed by 1454

Abstract

Powerful emitters of ultraviolet C (UVC) light in the wavelength range of 230–280 nm are necessary for the development of effective and safe optical disinfection technologies, highly sensitive optical spectroscopy and non-line-of-sight optical communication. This review considers UVC emitters with electron-beam pumping of heterostructures with quantum wells in an (Al,Ga)N material system. The important advantages of these emitters are the absence of the critical problem of p-type doping and the possibility of achieving record (up to several tens of watts for peak values) output optical power values in the UVC range. The review consistently considers about a decade of world experience in the implementation of various UV emitters with various types of thermionic, field-emission, and plasma-cathode electron guns (sources) used to excite various designs of active (light-emitting) regions in heterostructures with quantum wells of Al_xGa_1−xN/Al_yGa_1−yN (x = 0–0.5, y = 0.6–1), fabricated either by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition or by plasma-activated molecular beam epitaxy. Special attention is paid to the production of heterostructures with multiple quantum wells/two-dimensional (2D) quantum disks of GaN/AlN with a monolayer’s (1 ML~0.25 nm) thickness, which ensures a high internal quantum efficiency of radiative recombination in the UVC range, low elastic stresses in heterostructures, and high-output UVC-optical powers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanism and Performance of Nano/Micro Electronic Device)

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