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Nanomaterials
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Advanced Radiation Technology for Nanomaterials: Fabrication, Effects and Applications
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Advanced Radiation Technology for Nanomaterials: Fabrication, Effects and Applications

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanofabrication and Nanomanufacturing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 12657

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Gérard Baldacchino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CEA Paris-Saclay, CNRS and Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Interests: radiation chemistry; water radiolysis; pulse radiolysis; LET effect; temperature effect; high pressure effect; pH effect; nanoparticle effect; fluorescence spectroscopy; earliest effect; hydrated electron; hydroxyl radical; superoxyde radical; molecular hydrogen
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanomaterials are ubiquitous (cosmetics, foods, industry, energy conversion, therapies, etc.). The potential toxicity and beneficial effects on living bodies of these nanomaterials, as well as new ways to produce and utilize them, have been the subject of extensive research for 20 years. The fabrication of various types of nanomaterials from energetic radiation and lasers is well known. We are now seeing a synergy of recent advances in the technology of these sources and new needs in medical cancer therapy and other applications. These advances merit being addressed in a dedicated journal issue. The selected authors in this issue have recently produced outstanding basic research on new methods of fabrication and elucidated effects on the nanoparticle surface, including grafting onto nanoparticles, to help vectorization and to explain and rank nanoparticles in order to enhance their ability to target and damage tumor cells.

Dr. Gérard Baldacchino
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nanoparticles
  • radiation effect amplification
  • advanced radiation source
  • nanotechnology
  • excited state
  • Auger electrons
  • radiolysis
  • targeting
  • radiotherapy
  • Hadron therapy
  • catalysis
  • theory—modeling

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 1934 KB  
Article
Selective Oxidation of Transient Organic Radicals in the Presence of Gold Nanoparticles
by Viacheslav Shcherbakov, Sergey A. Denisov and Mehran Mostafavi
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(3), 727; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030727 - 14 Mar 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3042
Abstract
The ability of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to catalyze reactions involving radicals is poorly studied. However, AuNPs are used in applications where chemical reactions involving transient radicals occur. Herein, we investigate AuNPs’ catalytic effect on 2-propanol oxidation and acetanilide hydroxylation in aqueous solutions under [...] Read more.
The ability of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to catalyze reactions involving radicals is poorly studied. However, AuNPs are used in applications where chemical reactions involving transient radicals occur. Herein, we investigate AuNPs’ catalytic effect on 2-propanol oxidation and acetanilide hydroxylation in aqueous solutions under ionizing radiation at room temperature. In both cases, the presence of AuNPs led to selective oxidation of organic radicals, significantly changing the products’ composition and ratio. Based on these observations, we stress how AuNPs’ catalytic activity can affect the correctness of reactive oxygen species concentration determination utilizing organic dyes. We also provide a discussion on the role of AuNPs’ catalytic activity in the radiosensitization effect actively studied for radiotherapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Radiation Technology for Nanomaterials: Fabrication, Effects and Applications)
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14 pages, 8056 KB  
Article
Radiation Crosslinked Smart Peptide Nanoparticles: A New Platform for Tumor Imaging
by Atsushi Kimura, Miho Ueno, Tadashi Arai, Kotaro Oyama and Mitsumasa Taguchi
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(3), 714; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030714 - 12 Mar 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2569
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been employed to develop nanosensors and drug carriers that accumulate in tumors. Thus, it is necessary to control the particle size, surface potential, and biodegradability of these nanoparticles for effective tumor accumulation and safe medical application. In this study, to form [...] Read more.
Nanoparticles have been employed to develop nanosensors and drug carriers that accumulate in tumors. Thus, it is necessary to control the particle size, surface potential, and biodegradability of these nanoparticles for effective tumor accumulation and safe medical application. In this study, to form a nanoparticle platform suitable for diagnostic and drug delivery system (DDS) applications, peptides composed of aromatic amino acid residues were designed and synthesized based on the radiation crosslinking mechanism of proteins. The peptide nanoparticles, which were produced by γ-ray irradiation, displayed a positive surface potential, maintained biodegradability, and were stable in water and phosphoric buffer solution during actual diagnosis. The surface potential of the peptide nanoparticles could be changed to negative by using a fluorescent labeling reagent, so that the fluorescent-labeled peptide nanoparticles were uptaken by HeLa cells. The radiation-crosslinked nanoparticles can be applied as a platform for tumor-targeting diagnostics and DDS therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Radiation Technology for Nanomaterials: Fabrication, Effects and Applications)
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9 pages, 1652 KB  
Article
On the Primary Water Radicals’ Production in the Presence of Gold Nanoparticles: Electron Pulse Radiolysis Study
by Viacheslav Shcherbakov, Sergey A. Denisov and Mehran Mostafavi
Nanomaterials 2020, 10(12), 2478; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10122478 - 10 Dec 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3095
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles are known to cause a radiosensitizing effect, which is a promising way to improve radiation therapy. However, the radiosensitization mechanism is not yet fully understood. It is currently assumed that gold nanoparticles can influence various physical, chemical, and biological processes. Pulse [...] Read more.
Gold nanoparticles are known to cause a radiosensitizing effect, which is a promising way to improve radiation therapy. However, the radiosensitization mechanism is not yet fully understood. It is currently assumed that gold nanoparticles can influence various physical, chemical, and biological processes. Pulse radiolysis is a powerful tool that can examine one of the proposed effects of gold nanoparticles, such as increased free radical production. In this work, we shed light on the consequence of ionizing radiation interaction with gold nanoparticles by direct measurements of solvated electrons using the pulse radiolysis technique. We found that at a therapeutically relevant gold concentration (<3 mM atomic gold, <600 μg × cm−3), the presence of gold nanoparticles in solution does not induce higher primary radicals’ formation. This result contradicts some hypotheses about free radical formation in the presence of gold nanoparticles under ionizing radiation previously reported in the literature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Radiation Technology for Nanomaterials: Fabrication, Effects and Applications)
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15 pages, 14611 KB  
Article
Radiation Induced Surface Modification of Nanoparticles and Their Dispersion in the Polymer Matrix
by Zhiang Fu, Xiaoying Gu, Lingmin Hu, Yongjin Li and Jingye Li
Nanomaterials 2020, 10(11), 2237; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10112237 - 11 Nov 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3154
Abstract
Polymer grafted inorganic nanoparticles attract significant attention, but pose challenges because of the complexity. In this work, a facile strategy to the graft polymer onto the surface of nanoparticles have been introduced. The vinyl functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were first prepared by [...] Read more.
Polymer grafted inorganic nanoparticles attract significant attention, but pose challenges because of the complexity. In this work, a facile strategy to the graft polymer onto the surface of nanoparticles have been introduced. The vinyl functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were first prepared by the surface modification of the unmodified SiO2 using γ-methacryloxy propyl-trimethoxylsilane. The NPs were then mixed with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), which was followed by the Co-60 Gamma radiation at room temperature. PVDF molecular chains were chemically grafted onto the surface of SiO2 nanoparticles by the linking of the double bond on the NPs. The graft ratio of PVDF on SiO2 NPs surface can be precisely controlled by adjusting the absorbed dose and reactant feed ratio (maximum graft ratio was 31.3 wt%). The strategy is simple and it should be applied to the surface modification of many other nanoparticles. The prepared PVDF-grafted SiO2 NPs were then dispersed in the PVDF matrix to make the nanocomposites. It was found that the modified NPs can be precisely dispersed into the PVDF matrix, as compared with pristine silica. The filling content of modifications SiO2 NPs on the PVDF nanocomposites is almost doubled than the pristine SiO2 counterpart. Accordingly, the mechanical property of the nanocomposites is significantly improved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Radiation Technology for Nanomaterials: Fabrication, Effects and Applications)
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