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New Advances for Halide Perovskite Materials and Applications

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A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Synthesis, Interfaces and Nanostructures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (21 December 2022) | Viewed by 16699

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Alessandro Pecchia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy
Interests: electronic transport; heat transport; nanostructures; organics; perovskite solar cells; thermoelectrics; device physics; multiscale approaches

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is devoted to new advances in Halide Perovskite Materials and Applications, especially focusing on materials developments, although analyses of the interplay between materials properties and PV operation are welcome. Works of either a theoretical or an experimental nature are expected. We hereby invite papers presenting original research on the topic and hope to receive many high-quality submissions.

A (non-exhaustive) set of topics of interest would be:

Halide Perovskites
Material synthesis and processes
Stability
Low dimensional Perovskites
Device fabrication and optimization
Tandem cells
Interfaces
Key role of additives (e.g. MXenes, graphene, etc.)
Lead-free Perovskites
Perovskite-inspired novel materials
Halide Perovskites light-emitting sources and LEDs
Halide Perovskites for particle/energy detection

Prof. Dr. Alessandro Pecchia
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Perovskite solar cells
halide Perovskites
photovoltaic
renewable energy
manufacturing
Perovskite LEDs
energy detectors

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

19 pages, 1629 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simulation and Investigation of 26% Efficient and Robust Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Based on GA_0.2FA_0.78SnI₃-1%EDAI₂ Films

by Hussein Sabbah, Jack Arayro and Rabih Mezher

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(21), 3885; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12213885 - 03 Nov 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1780

Abstract

A hybrid tin-based perovskite solar cell with p-i-n inverted structure is modeled and simulated using SCAPS. The inverted structure is composed of PEDOT:PSS (as hole transport layer—HTL)/GA

_{0.2}

_{0.78}

SnI

_{3}

-1% EDAI

_{2}

(as perovskite absorber layer)/C60-fullerene [...] Read more.

A hybrid tin-based perovskite solar cell with p-i-n inverted structure is modeled and simulated using SCAPS. The inverted structure is composed of PEDOT:PSS (as hole transport layer—HTL)/GA

_{0.2}

_{0.78}

SnI

_{3}

-1% EDAI

_{2}

(as perovskite absorber layer)/C60-fullerene (as electron transport layer—ETL). Previous experimental studies showed that unlike conventional tin-based perovskite solar cells (PSC), the present hybrid tin-based PSC passes all harsh standard tests and generates a power conversion efficiency of only

8.3 %

. Despite the high stability that this material exhibits, emphasis on enhancing its power conversion efficiency (PCE) is crucial. To that end, various ETL and HTL materials have been rigorously investigated. The impact of energy level alignment between HTL/absorber and absorber/ETL interfaces have been elucidated. Moreover, the thickness and the doping concentration of all the previously mentioned layers have been varied to inspect their effect on the photovoltaic performance of the PSC. The optimized structure with CuI (copper iodide) as HTL and ZnOS (zinc oxysulphide) as ETL scored a PCE of

26 %

, which is more than three times greater than the efficiency of the initial structure. The current numerical simulation on GA

_{0.2}

_{0.78}

SnI

_{3}

-1% EDAI

_{2}

could greatly increase its chance for commercial development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances for Halide Perovskite Materials and Applications)

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Figure 1

17 pages, 3282 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Towards Highly Efficient Cesium Titanium Halide Based Lead-Free Double Perovskites Solar Cell by Optimizing the Interface Layers

by Syed Abdul Moiz, Saud Abdulaziz Albadwani and Mohammed Saleh Alshaikh

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(19), 3435; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12193435 - 30 Sep 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2145

Abstract

Lead halide perovskites are the most promising compared to the other recently discovered photovoltaic materials, but despite their enormous potential, these materials are facing some serious concerns regarding lead-based toxicity. Among many lead-free perovskites, the vacancy-ordered double perovskite cesium titanium halide family (Cs₂TiX₆, X = Cl, Br, I) is very popular and heavily investigated and reported on. The main objective of this study is to design and compare an efficient cesium titanium halide-based solar cell that can be used as an alternative to lead-based perovskite solar cells. For efficient photovoltaic requirements, the hole-transport layer and electron-transport layer materials such as PEDOT:PSS and Nb₂O₅ are selected, as these are the commonly reported materials and electronically compatible with the cesium titanium halide family. For the active layer, cesium titanium halide family members such as Cs₂TiCl₆, Cs₂TiBr₆, and Cs₂TiI₆ are reported here for the devices ITO/Nb₂O₅/Cs₂TiI₆/PEDOT:PSS/Au, ITO/Nb₂O₅/Cs₂TiBr₆/PEDOT:PSS/Au, and ITO/Nb₂O₅/Cs₂TiCl₆/PEDOT:PSS/Au, respectively. To determine the most efficient photovoltaic response, all the layers (PEDOT:PSS, Nb₂O₅, and active perovskite layer) of each device are optimized concerning thickness as well as doping density, and then each optimized device was systematically investigated for its photovoltaic responses through simulation and modeling. It is observed that the device ITO/Nb₂O₅/Cs₂TiI₆/PEDOT:PS/Au shows the most efficient photovoltaic response with little above 18.5% for maximum power-conversion efficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances for Halide Perovskite Materials and Applications)

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12 pages, 3433 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Simulation of NH₃(CH₂)₂NH₃MnCl₄ Based Pb-Free Perovskite Solar Cells Via SCAPS-1D

by Khursheed Ahmad, Waseem Raza, Rais Ahmad Khan, Ali Alsalme and Haekyoung Kim

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(19), 3407; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12193407 - 28 Sep 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1930

Abstract

Recently, the design and fabrication of lead (Pb)-free perovskite or perovskite-like materials have received great interest for the development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Manganese (Mn) is a less toxic element, which may be an alternative to Pb. In this work, we explored the role of NH₃(CH₂)₂NH₃MnCl₄ perovskite as a light absorber layer via SCAPS-1D. A Pb-free PSC device (FTO/TiO₂/NH₃(CH₂)₂NH₃MnCl₄/spiro-OMeTAD/Au) was simulated via SCAPS-1D software. The simulated Pb-free PSCs (FTO/TiO₂/NH₃(CH₂)₂NH₃MnCl₄/spiro-OMeTAD/Au) showed decent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.19%. Further, the impact of the thickness of absorber (NH₃(CH₂)₂NH₃MnCl₄), electron transport (TiO₂), and hole-transport (spiro-OMeTAD) layers were also investigated. Subsequently, various electron transport layers (ETLs) were also introduced to investigate the role of ETL. In further studies, an NH₃(CH₂)₂NH₃MnCl₄-based PSC device (FTO/TiO₂/NH₃(CH₂)₂NH₃MnCl₄/spiro-OMeTAD/Au) was also developed (humidity = ~30–40%). The fabricated PSCs displayed an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 510 mV with a PCE of 0.12%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances for Halide Perovskite Materials and Applications)

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11 pages, 2923 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Li⁺ Doping on Photoelectric Properties of Double Perovskite Cs₂SnI₆: First Principles Calculation and Experimental Investigation

by Jin Zhang, Chen Yang, Yulong Liao, Shijie Li, Pengfei Yang, Yingxue Xi, Weiguo Liu, Dmitriy A. Golosov, Sergey M. Zavadski and Sergei N. Melnikov

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(13), 2279; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12132279 - 01 Jul 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1704

Abstract

Double perovskite Cs₂SnI₆ and its doping products (with SnI₂, SnF₂ or organic lithium salts added) have been utilized as p-type hole transport materials for perovskite and dye-sensitized solar cells in many pieces of research, where the mechanism for producing p-type Cs₂SnI₆ is rarely reported. In this paper, the mechanism of forming p-type Li⁺ doped Cs₂SnI₆ was revealed by first-principles simulation. The simulation results show that Li⁺ entered the Cs₂SnI₆ lattice by interstitial doping to form strong interaction between Li⁺ and I⁻, resulting in the splitting of the α spin-orbital of I–p at the top of the valence band, with the intermediate energy levels created and the absorption edge redshifted. The experimental results confirmed that Li⁺ doping neither changed the crystal phase of Cs₂SnI₆, nor introduced impurities. The Hall effect test results of Li⁺ doped Cs₂SnI₆ thin film samples showed that Li⁺ doping transformed Cs₂SnI₆ into a p-type semiconductor, and substantially promoted its carrier mobility (356.6 cm²/Vs), making it an ideal hole transport material. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances for Halide Perovskite Materials and Applications)

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13 pages, 6465 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Formamidinium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocomposite Scintillators

by Isabel H. B. Braddock, Maya Al Sid Cheikh, Joydip Ghosh, Roma E. Mulholland, Joseph G. O’Neill, Vlad Stolojan, Carol Crean, Stephen J. Sweeney and Paul J. Sellin

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(13), 2141; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12132141 - 22 Jun 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2822

Abstract

While there is great demand for effective, affordable radiation detectors in various applications, many commonly used scintillators have major drawbacks. Conventional inorganic scintillators have a fixed emission wavelength and require expensive, high-temperature synthesis; plastic scintillators, while fast, inexpensive, and robust, have low atomic numbers, limiting their X-ray stopping power. Formamidinium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals show promise as scintillators due to their high X-ray attenuation coefficient and bright luminescence. Here, we used a room-temperature, solution-growth method to produce mixed-halide FAPbX

_{3}

(X = Cl, Br) nanocrystals with emission wavelengths that can be varied between 403 and 531 nm via adjustments to the halide ratio. The substitution of bromine for increasing amounts of chlorine resulted in violet emission with faster lifetimes, while larger proportions of bromine resulted in green emission with increased luminescence intensity. By loading FAPbBr

_{3}

nanocrystals into a PVT-based plastic scintillator matrix, we produced 1 mm-thick nanocomposite scintillators, which have brighter luminescence than the PVT-based plastic scintillator alone. While nanocomposites such as these are often opaque due to optical scattering from aggregates of the nanoparticles, we used a surface modification technique to improve transmission through the composites. A composite of FAPbBr

_{3}

nanocrystals encapsulated in inert PMMA produced even stronger luminescence, with intensity 3.8× greater than a comparative FAPbBr

_{3}

/plastic scintillator composite. However, the luminescence decay time of the FAPbBr

_{3}

/PMMA composite was more than 3× slower than that of the FAPbBr

_{3}

/plastic scintillator composite. We also demonstrate the potential of these lead halide perovskite nanocomposite scintillators for low-cost X-ray imaging applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances for Halide Perovskite Materials and Applications)

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24 pages, 3634 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pulsed Laser Deposition of CsPbBr₃ Films: Impact of the Composition of the Target and Mass Distribution in the Plasma Plume

by Maura Cesaria, Marco Mazzeo, Gianluca Quarta, Muhammad Rizwan Aziz, Concetta Nobile, Sonia Carallo, Maurizio Martino, Lucio Calcagnile and Anna Paola Caricato

Nanomaterials 2021, 11(12), 3210; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11123210 - 26 Nov 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2496

Abstract

All-inorganic cesium lead bromine (CsPbBr₃) perovskites have gained a tremendous potential in optoelectronics due to interesting photophysical properties and much better stability than the hybrid counterparts. Although pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is a promising alternative to solvent-based and/or thermal deposition approaches due to its versatility in depositing multi-elemental materials, deep understanding of the implications of both target composition and PLD mechanisms on the properties of CsPbBr₃ films is still missing. In this paper, we deal with thermally assisted preparation of mechano-chemically synthesized CsPbBr₃ ablation targets to grow CsPbBr₃ films by PLD at the fluence 2 J/cm². We study both Cs rich- and stoichiometric PbBr₂-CsBr mixture-based ablation targets and point out compositional deviations of the associated films resulting from the mass distribution of the PLD-generated plasma plume. Contrary to the conventional meaning that PLD guarantees congruent elemental transfer from the target to the substrate, our study demonstrates cation off-stoichiometry of PLD-grown CsPbBr₃ films depending on composition and thermal treatment of the ablation target. The implications of the observed enrichment in the heavier element (Pb) and deficiency in the lighter element (Br) of the PLD-grown films are discussed in terms of optical response and with the perspective of providing operative guidelines and future PLD-deposition strategies of inorganic perovskites. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances for Halide Perovskite Materials and Applications)

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Review

Jump to: Research

34 pages, 6262 KiB

Open AccessReview

Modification of SnO₂ Electron Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells

by Helen Hejin Park

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(23), 4326; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12234326 - 05 Dec 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2894

Abstract

Rapid development of the device performance of organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are emerging as a promising photovoltaic technology. Current world-record efficiency of PSCs is based on tin oxide (SnO₂) electron transport layers (ETLs), which are capable of being processed at low temperatures and possess high carrier mobilities with appropriate energy- band alignment and high optical transmittance. Modification of SnO₂ has been intensely investigated by various approaches to tailor its conductivity, band alignment, defects, morphology, and interface properties. This review article organizes recent developments of modifying SnO₂ ETLs to PSC advancement using surface and bulk modifications, while concentrating on photovoltaic (PV) device performance and long-term stability. Future outlooks for SnO₂ ETLs in PSC research and obstacles remaining for commercialization are also discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances for Halide Perovskite Materials and Applications)

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