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Virgin Olive Oil: Processing, Byproducts, Quality Control, and Nutraceutical Profile—3rd Edition

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural Products Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 1927

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
Interests: virgin olive oil; food science and technology; food by-products valorization; gluten free recipes; turbidity of vegetable oils; food quality; chemometric analysis; sensory and texture analysis in food

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Guest Editor
Department of Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
Interests: phenolic compounds; volatile compounds; fortification of food with nutraceutical compounds; food technology; food quality authentication; food byproduct re-use
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The interest in virgin olive oil has increased consistently over the last few decades, largely due to its unique and delicate flavor and nutraceutical properties. All of these properties have been associated with the presence of different classes of minor compounds, particularly phenolic and volatile compounds, as well as virgin olive oil’s peculiar fatty acid composition, which is very rich in monounsaturated fatty acids. Searching for innovative processes capable of extracting virgin olive oil with even better sensorial and nutraceutical properties is one of the current aims of producers and researchers. At the same time, the possibility of re-using byproducts containing high levels of hydroxytyrosol, secoiridoid derivatives, and other phenolic compounds has recently been the subject of much investigation, with the aim of making the olive oil production chain more economically and environmentally sustainable. Virgin olive oil is also unique in that it is the only food product to have a standardized protocol (the so-called panel test) for the analysis of its sensory attributes, and this protocol is used to classify samples according to recognized commercial categories. Researchers are working to develop chemical/statistical approaches that can support the panel test in the classification of virgin olive oil and can be used to authenticate the geographic and botanical origin of virgin olive oils.

This Special Issue aims to cover advances in research on (i) innovations in processing olives to obtain high-quality extra virgin olive oil; (ii) the possibility of re-using byproducts from olive oil extraction; (iii) quality control, e.g., developing chemical/statistical methods for the classification of virgin olive according to the current legislation and for the authentication of its geographic and botanical origin; and (iv) the nutraceutical potential of virgin olive oil, including the biological and health-promoting properties possessed by its phenolic compounds.

Dr. Carlotta Breschi
Dr. Lorenzo Cecchi
Dr. Maria Bellumori
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • virgin olive oil quality authentication
  • byproduct management
  • volatile compounds
  • phenolic compounds
  • sensory analysis
  • health-promoting properties
  • biological activity
  • authentication of origin
  • innovative extraction processes

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 2431 KiB  
Article
Chemical, Sensory, and Nutraceutical Profiling, and Shelf-Life Assessment of High-Quality Extra Virgin Olive Oil Produced in a Local Area near Florence (Italy)
by Carlotta Breschi, Lorenzo Cecchi, Federico Mattagli, Bruno Zanoni, Tommaso Ugolini, Francesca Ieri, Luca Calamai, Maria Bellumori, Nadia Mulinacci, Fabio Boncinelli, Valentina Canuti and Silvio Menghini
Molecules 2025, 30(13), 2811; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30132811 - 30 Jun 2025
Viewed by 343
Abstract
Consumers are increasingly willing to pay a premium for high-quality extra virgin olive oils (HQ-EVOOs) with specific sensory or nutraceutical properties, and originating from particular botanical or geographical origins. Regarding geographic origin, Italy is one of the main producers, with many local production [...] Read more.
Consumers are increasingly willing to pay a premium for high-quality extra virgin olive oils (HQ-EVOOs) with specific sensory or nutraceutical properties, and originating from particular botanical or geographical origins. Regarding geographic origin, Italy is one of the main producers, with many local production areas, each characterized by its own distinctive typicity. The aim of this study is the chemical, sensory, and nutraceutical profiling of HQ-EVOO produced over two production years in Montespertoli (province of Florence) by 12 producers involved in the “MontEspertOlio” project, funded by the Tuscan Region. Oils were produced based on a production process previously defined and specifically applied to this territory. The shelf-life of the oil was also evaluated over a 12-month period. Legal quality parameters were analyzed according to EU regulation. Phenolic compounds, tocopherols, fatty acid composition, and volatile compounds were analyzed using HPLC-DAD, HPLC-FLD, HS-SPME-GC-MS, and GC-FID, respectively. Finally, sensory analysis was conducted using the Panel Test method. Results showed that Montespertoli HQ-EVOO is characterized by distinctive sensory and chemical traits that fully match consumer preferences, even across two production years characterized by different growing conditions. The shelf-life performance was excellent over 12 months, also showing a protective effect of greater bottle sizes against oxidation. Full article
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18 pages, 805 KiB  
Article
Formulation and Evaluation of Liposome-Encapsulated Phenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Waste: Insights into Encapsulation Efficiency, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activities
by David Camilleri, Karen Attard and Frederick Lia
Molecules 2025, 30(11), 2351; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30112351 - 28 May 2025
Viewed by 1251
Abstract
Phenolic extracts obtained from the solid by-products of olive oil production (collectively referred to as “olive mill waste”) were encapsulated in phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol liposomes using the thin-film hydration method. This study examines how lipid composition, cholesterol content, and two different approaches to introducing phenolics [...] Read more.
Phenolic extracts obtained from the solid by-products of olive oil production (collectively referred to as “olive mill waste”) were encapsulated in phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol liposomes using the thin-film hydration method. This study examines how lipid composition, cholesterol content, and two different approaches to introducing phenolics affect the efficiency with which these bioactive compounds are encapsulated. ‘Bidni’ and ‘Bajda’ cultivars are two main olive cultivars found in Malta. ‘Bajda’ is an example of a variety exhibiting leucocarpa. Unlike typical olives, leucocarpa drupes remain white during ripening due to silenced anthocyanin-producing genes. These two extracts were tested for encapsulation efficiency and then evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against human leukemia cells. Our results show that increasing the amount of cholesterol in the liposomes generally improved the retention of phenolic compounds, whereas the encapsulation route (i.e., inclusion with the lipids versus hydration medium) had differential effects on specific phenolics. Additionally, liposomal encapsulation provided more potent cytotoxic activity over 48 h compared to the free extract, suggesting that liposomes can enhance and prolong the delivery of bioactive compounds from this agri-food waste. Full article
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