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Influence of Solvent Molecules in Coordination Chemistry

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Inorganic Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2026 | Viewed by 1813

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Molecules Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, SE-756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
Interests: reactions and speciation of simple inorganic and organic molecules in the interface aqueous solution-air; speciation of metals in natural systems as natural waters and soil in Sweden and in developing countries in Africa; structural and dynamics studies of inorganic ions in aqueous solution; removal of arsenic from drinking water; chemical reactions and mechanical properties of archaeological wood, in particular the historic Swedish warship the Vasa; synchrotron light based research; structure determination of advanced inorganic materials as metal-organic frameworks

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The solvent plays a decisive role in coordination chemistry in solution and may be of significance in the solid state, as well. Complex formation in solution is always a competition of binding ability and activity between potential ligands and the solvent. The starting point for coordination chemistry of ions in solution is represented by the homoleptic hydrate and solvate complexes. The coordination chemistry of hydrated metal ions in aqueous solution and the solid state is well described in numerous studies. However, concerning non-aqueous solvents, the knowledge about coordination chemistry involving solvated metal ions and complexes is much less developed. Homoleptic metal ion hydrate and solvate structures have, with very few exceptions, the maximum coordination number of their respective ions. However, for space-demanding solvent molecules at coordination, such as N,N’-dimethylpropylene urea and hexamethylphosphoramide, steric restrictions lower the coordination number, which may influence the chemical properties. The relationship between coordination chemistry and chemical reactivity has only been discussed in a limited number of papers and merits greater recognition. This Special Issue of Molecules will feature papers on the impact of solvent molecules on coordination chemistry in solution and in the solid state and how this may affect the chemical properties of solvated metal ions and complexes.

Prof. Dr. Ingmar Persson
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • hydration
  • solvation
  • coordination chemistry
  • chemical property
  • solid state
  • aqueous solution
  • non-aqueous solvents
  • space demanding at coordination

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 4514 KiB  
Article
An Ab Initio Study of Aqueous Copper(I) Speciation in the Presence of Chloride
by Daniel C. M. Whynot, Christopher R. Corbeil, Darren J. W. Mercer and Cory C. Pye
Molecules 2025, 30(15), 3147; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30153147 - 27 Jul 2025
Viewed by 913
Abstract
The determination of multiple energy minima on complex potential energy surfaces is challenging. A systematic desymmetrization procedure was employed to find stationary points on the copper(I) + chloride + water potential energy surface using HF, MP2, and B3LYP methods in conjunction with the [...] Read more.
The determination of multiple energy minima on complex potential energy surfaces is challenging. A systematic desymmetrization procedure was employed to find stationary points on the copper(I) + chloride + water potential energy surface using HF, MP2, and B3LYP methods in conjunction with the 6-31G*, 6-31+G*, and 6-311+G* basis sets. Comparison with experimental results demonstrated that the speciation of copper(I) in the presence of chloride and water may be formulated as [CuCl(H2O)]0, [CuCl2], and [CuCl3]2−. Our results indicate that the combination of the MP2 method along with basis sets containing diffuse functions gives excellent agreement with experimental Cu-Cl distances and vibrational frequencies. Poorer results were obtained at the HF levels and/or using the 6-31G* basis set. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influence of Solvent Molecules in Coordination Chemistry)
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17 pages, 887 KiB  
Article
Coordination Chemistry of Solvated Metal Ions in Soft Donor Solvents
by Kersti B. Nilsson, Mikhail Maliarik and Ingmar Persson
Molecules 2025, 30(15), 3063; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30153063 - 22 Jul 2025
Viewed by 229
Abstract
The structures of hexaammine solvated indium(III) and thallium(III) ions in liquid ammonia solution are determined by EXAFS. Both complexes have regular octahedral coordination geometry with mean In-N and Tl-N bond distances of 2.23(1) and 2.29(2) Å, respectively. Ammine solvated thallium(III) in liquid ammonia [...] Read more.
The structures of hexaammine solvated indium(III) and thallium(III) ions in liquid ammonia solution are determined by EXAFS. Both complexes have regular octahedral coordination geometry with mean In-N and Tl-N bond distances of 2.23(1) and 2.29(2) Å, respectively. Ammine solvated thallium(III) in liquid ammonia is characterized with 205Tl NMR measurements. Solvents such as liquid ammonia, N,N-dimethylthioformamide (DMTF), trialkyl and triphenyl phosphite and phosphine are strong electron pair donors and thereby able to form bonds with a large covalent contribution with strong electron pair acceptors. A survey of reported structures of ammine, DMTF, trialkyl and triphenyl phosphite and phosphine solvated metal ions in the solid state and solution is presented. The M-N and M-S bond distances in ammine and DMTF solvated metal ions are compared with the M-O bond distance in the corresponding metal ion hydrates, expected to form mainly electrostatic interactions with metal ions. The d10 metal ions have high ability to form bonds with a high degree of covalency with increasing ability down the group and with decreasing charge of the metal ion. The difference in M-N and M-O bond distances between ammine solvated and hydrated metal ions with the same coordination geometry decreases significantly with the increasing ability of the metal ion to form bonds with a large covalent contribution. This difference correlates well with the covalent bonding index, γM2*r. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influence of Solvent Molecules in Coordination Chemistry)
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16 pages, 7676 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Solution Microstructure in Ferric Sulfate Coagulation-Assisted Precipitation of Fluoride Ions
by Haodong Chen, Caocheng Li, Yuefei Zhang, Wen Fang, Lian Zou and Ruan Chi
Molecules 2025, 30(6), 1362; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30061362 - 18 Mar 2025
Viewed by 418
Abstract
The solution microstructure during the ferric sulfate-assisted precipitation of calcium fluoride was systematically investigated using molecular dynamics simulations and DFT methods. The microscopic behavior of various ions in a calcium fluoride box in the presence of ferric sulfate was simulated using MD. The [...] Read more.
The solution microstructure during the ferric sulfate-assisted precipitation of calcium fluoride was systematically investigated using molecular dynamics simulations and DFT methods. The microscopic behavior of various ions in a calcium fluoride box in the presence of ferric sulfate was simulated using MD. The corresponding hydrated cluster structures were extracted from the MD trajectory; then, the structure was optimized and the frequency was calculated at the B3LYP/6–311++G(d, p) level. The results show that no hydrated clusters had imaginary frequencies. Based on the topology, interaction region indicator, and surface electrostatic potential and binding energy analysis of the hydrated clusters, it was revealed that ferric ions are easily hydrolyzed to form hydrated clusters of ferric hydroxide at higher pH levels. The most stable of these structures is [Fe(OH)3·(H2O)2], which has the lowest binding energy. During the ferric sulfate coagulation process, calcium fluoride clusters and ferric hydroxide clusters could form binuclear clusters through electrostatic interaction. The two metal centers in the binuclear cluster, Ca and Fe, are connected by hydroxide ions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influence of Solvent Molecules in Coordination Chemistry)
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