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Current Emerging Trends of Extraction and Encapsulation in Food, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2026 | Viewed by 3049

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
Interests: novel foods; emulsion; colloids; encapsulation; extraction; biopolymers; biomaterials; bioactives
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The emerging area of bio-food science continues to promote the replacement of synthetic additives with natural, health-promoting compounds. This shift has significantly accelerated research into innovative extraction and encapsulation strategies aimed at preserving the structural and functional integrity of bioactive ingredients in complex food matrices. Recent progress in nonthermal, green, and sustainable extraction technologies, such as ultrasound-assisted extraction, supercritical CO2 extraction, subcritical water extraction, enzyme-assisted processes, high-pressure processing, pulsed electric fields, and cold plasma techniques, has provided safer, more efficient alternatives to conventional solvent-based methods. These approaches not only improve yield and purity but also reduce the environmental impact of extraction and the thermal degradation of sensitive compounds. On the encapsulation front, attention has shifted toward the design of advanced delivery systems, including micro- and nanoencapsulation, emulsion-based platforms, and lipid- or polysaccharide-based carriers, capable of protecting, stabilizing, and enabling the controlled release of bioactives under different food processing and storage conditions. Techniques such as spray drying, freeze drying, spray-freeze drying, and low-temperature encapsulation are increasingly being used to preserve encapsulants’ structure while supporting their compatibility with functional food systems.

This Special Issue encourages submissions exploring the integration of encapsulated bioactives into edible coatings, biodegradable packaging, and 3D-printed food products, presenting novel routes for the development of smart, sustainable, and personalized nutrition solutions. Contributions highlighting active packaging applications and the role of encapsulation in extending shelf life and improving targeted nutrient delivery are highly welcome. In addition, emerging analytical and detection techniques, such as biosensors, lab-on-a-chip systems, chromatographic profiling, and spectroscopic methods, enable the real-time tracking of encapsulated or extracted compounds throughout their processing and digestion. Studies assessing bioaccessibility, bioavailability, gastrointestinal stability, and the in vitro/in vivo performance of encapsulated compounds are particularly encouraged, especially when aligned with kinetic modeling or toxicity evaluations.

I warmly invite researchers, technologists, and professionals in academia and the industry to contribute their latest findings and perspectives to this dynamic field.

Dr. Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • extraction
  • encapsulation
  • drying
  • emulsion
  • targeted delivery
  • stability
  • bioactive compounds
  • nonthermal technologies
  • bioavailability
  • functional foods

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1310 KB  
Article
Structural Modulation of Musky Octopus Proteins by pH and Ultrasound: From Aggregates to Protein–Quercetin Emulsion Stabilisers
by María Carmen Gómez-Guillén, Ailén Alemán, Ignacio Boto, Johana López-Polo and María Pilar Montero
Molecules 2025, 30(23), 4570; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30234570 - 27 Nov 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 751
Abstract
This study investigates the potential of an undervalued cephalopod species, Eledone moschata, for producing a freeze-dried protein concentrate via acid solubilisation and isoelectric precipitation. Although nutritionally rich, the processing route significantly affected the aggregation state of the recovered proteins, as demonstrated by [...] Read more.
This study investigates the potential of an undervalued cephalopod species, Eledone moschata, for producing a freeze-dried protein concentrate via acid solubilisation and isoelectric precipitation. Although nutritionally rich, the processing route significantly affected the aggregation state of the recovered proteins, as demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and SDS–PAGE electrophoresis. We systematically examined pretreatments of the lyophilised protein concentrate (PC) by dispersing it across a pH range (2–10) and applying ultrasonication (US), characterising the resulting aggregates in terms of protein solubility, surface hydrophobicity, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and ζ-potential. Subsequently, ultrasound-treated protein dispersions at different pH values were used to produce protein–quercetin nanoparticles (PQ), which were analysed for particle size (DLS), yield, and quercetin entrapment efficiency. PQ dispersions at pH 2, 4, and 7 were evaluated as stabilising agents in US-treated sunflower oil emulsions containing 10% oil and were characterised by rheological properties, microstructure, and DLS particle sizing. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed that nanoparticles at pH 2 produced small, uniformly distributed fat droplets with a particle diameter of 1.5 μm. This study provides insights into how processing conditions modulate the structural and interfacial behaviour of cephalopod proteins and highlights their potential application in designing low-fat, fluid emulsions for innovative food formulations. Full article
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17 pages, 3668 KB  
Article
Physical Properties of Bacterial Nanocellulose as an Encapsulant Material of Vitamin B12
by Hasbleidy Palacios-Hinestroza, María Camila López-Jaramillo, Julián Paul Martínez-Galán, Carlos Molina-Ramírez and Diego Mauricio Sánchez-Osorno
Molecules 2025, 30(21), 4172; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30214172 - 23 Oct 2025
Viewed by 1018
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive comparison of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) and maltodextrin (MDX) as encapsulating agents for vitamin B12, using spray drying. The research focuses on the physical powder characteristics, such as flowability and cohesion, which are critical for industrial applications. The encapsulation [...] Read more.
This study presents a comprehensive comparison of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) and maltodextrin (MDX) as encapsulating agents for vitamin B12, using spray drying. The research focuses on the physical powder characteristics, such as flowability and cohesion, which are critical for industrial applications. The encapsulation of vitamin B12 was confirmed by ATR-FTIR analysis, which showed characteristic band shifts at 2138 cm−1 indicating interaction between the vitamin and the encapsulant matrices. Powder flow analysis revealed that BNC-based powders exhibited lower cohesion (CI = 13.3) and better flowability compared to MDX-based powders (CI = 7.7–13.7). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that all powders consisted of micrometric spherical particles ranging from 2 to 8 µm, with BNC producing particles with a more defined and less agglomerated structure. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that both matrices enhanced the thermal stability of vitamin B12, with BNC increasing the degradation onset temperature from 200 °C to 260 °C and the maximum degradation temperature from 274 °C to 317 °C providing a slightly higher onset degradation temperature. The results suggest that BNC is a promising alternative to traditional encapsulants like maltodextrin, offering up to 43 °C higher thermal protection and improved physical properties for encapsulating thermosensitive compounds in dietary applications. Full article
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Review

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28 pages, 564 KB  
Review
Synergistic Integration of Liposomes with Emerging Technologies for Food Applications
by Miguel A. Varas Condori, Aarón Ibáñez Bendezú, Jaime Romero, Alejandro Villasante, Rafael Opazo, Jimena Cordero-Machuca, Cristina Muñoz-Shugulí, Cristian Patiño Vidal, Ricardo Andrade-Pizarro and Johana López-Polo
Molecules 2026, 31(7), 1160; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31071160 - 31 Mar 2026
Viewed by 722
Abstract
Food by-products have gained importance as valuable sources of bioactive compounds and structural lipids, with potential applications in food packaging. These residues, such as fruit peels, seeds, and fish skin, contain polymers and natural compounds like polyphenols, carotenoids, tocopherols, and phospholipids, which possess [...] Read more.
Food by-products have gained importance as valuable sources of bioactive compounds and structural lipids, with potential applications in food packaging. These residues, such as fruit peels, seeds, and fish skin, contain polymers and natural compounds like polyphenols, carotenoids, tocopherols, and phospholipids, which possess antioxidant and antimicrobial properties highly relevant for food preservation. However, the direct incorporation of these compounds is limited by their sensitivity to environmental factors such as light, oxygen, and pH. Liposomal encapsulation has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome these challenges, providing protection, controlled release, and increased bioavailability of both hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactives. The formulation of liposomes using lipids recovered from food industry by-products introduces an additional sustainability component, in line with the principles of the circular economy. Combining liposomes with other advanced preservation technologies, such as edible coatings and films, electrospinning fibers, and cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, is a promising alternative for extending the shelf-life and safety of food products, as well as for the development of functional foods. This review discusses the latest advances in liposome formulations with food by-products and their combination with other technologies to enhance their effectiveness in food preservation. Full article
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