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Natural Products: Extraction, Analysis and Biological Activities

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural Products Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 3107

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Chromatography, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Interests: chromatographic analysis; sample preparation; extraction; secondary plant metabolites; biologically active compounds; endo- and exogenous compounds
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Guest Editor
Research and Development Centre, ALAB Laboratories, ul. Ceramiczna 1, 20-150 Lublin, Poland
Interests: toxicology; biological activity; analysis of endogenous and exogenous compounds; medical analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With increased demand for natural products by the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries, much attention is paid to the analysis of plants and herbal preparations. On the one hand, new biotechnological methods of reproducing plants with a high content of metabolites and homogeneous and stable genotypes are being developed; on the other hand, effective methods for their isolation and analysis are being sought. Analysis is generally carried out for two purposes: to check the suitability of a given material and to control the quality of (semi-)products. It should be emphasized that the examination of biological materials is often a very complex combination of techniques and procedures, within which a holistic sample is usually subjected to final analysis using liquid or gas chromatography. A poor choice of isolation method or even a small error or oversight at one of the stages of the procedure can doom the entire analysis to failure. Nevertheless, more studies are being conducted to assess the biological effect of natural products and explain the mechanisms of their action. Among the compound characteristics of the plant, markers of the quality of the (semi-)product are sought. The stability of the compounds is tested during their isolation and product preparation. Derivative compounds are identified, and their toxicity is assessed. Finally, applications for previously unused agricultural wastes are sought. This Special Issue, " Natural Products: Extraction, Analysis and Biological Activities", aims to bring readers closer to new insights and observations. The development and application of new extraction methods, procedures, and statistical tools for the design of optimal isolation and analysis conditions in biological research is a short and non-exhaustive description of possible topics.

Prof. Dr. Dorota Wianowska
Dr. Łukasz Paprotny
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • plant products
  • secondary metabolites
  • extraction
  • analysis
  • quality of natural products
  • biological activity
  • health-promoting properties
  • agricultural waste

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1558 KiB  
Article
Cytochalasins from the Ash Endophytic Fungus Nemania diffusa DSM 116299
by Özge Demir, Katharina Schmidt, Barbara Schulz, Theresia E. B. Stradal and Frank Surup
Molecules 2025, 30(4), 957; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30040957 - 19 Feb 2025
Viewed by 479
Abstract
The secondary metabolome of Nemania diffusa, isolated as an ash endophytic fungus, was analyzed in detail. From its cultures, a previously undescribed cytochalasin 1 was isolated using preparative HPLC, together with six known congeners: 18-dehydroxy-cytochalasin E (2), cytochalasins Z7 [...] Read more.
The secondary metabolome of Nemania diffusa, isolated as an ash endophytic fungus, was analyzed in detail. From its cultures, a previously undescribed cytochalasin 1 was isolated using preparative HPLC, together with six known congeners: 18-dehydroxy-cytochalasin E (2), cytochalasins Z7 (3), Z8 (4), and E (5), 18-dehydroxy-17-didehydro-cytochalasin E (6), and K Steyn (7). The structures of these compounds were determined using data from high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS), in combination with 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Metabolites 14 share a characteristic 12-membered lactone moiety, placing them within a rarely examined cytochalasin subclass. Thus, the compounds were incorporated into our ongoing screening campaign to study the structure–activity relationship of this metabolite family. We initially determined their cytotoxicity in eukaryotic mouse fibroblast L929 cells using an MTT-based colorimetric assay, and further investigated their effect on the cellular actin dynamics of the human osteosarcoma cell line U-2OS in detail. Unexpectedly, we discovered a high number of irreversible compounds (1, 2, and 4). Additionally, we highlighted specific structural features within the 12-membered cytochalasin subclass that may play a role in directing the reversibility of these compounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products: Extraction, Analysis and Biological Activities)
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18 pages, 2213 KiB  
Article
Stability of Selected Phenolic Acids Under Simulated and Real Extraction Conditions from Plants
by Małgorzata Olszowy-Tomczyk, Łukasz Paprotny and Dorota Wianowska
Molecules 2024, 29(24), 5861; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29245861 - 12 Dec 2024
Viewed by 560
Abstract
Currently, there is a significant demand for natural biologically active compounds. Emphasis is placed on improving the quality and safety of processed natural products, which is understandable in light of the frequently observed instability of natural compounds and their degradation, among others, to [...] Read more.
Currently, there is a significant demand for natural biologically active compounds. Emphasis is placed on improving the quality and safety of processed natural products, which is understandable in light of the frequently observed instability of natural compounds and their degradation, among others, to compounds of unknown biological activity. In this paper, the influence of typical conditions of currently used assisted extraction techniques on the stability of 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid and 1,3-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid during their simulated and real extraction from plants was investigated. In the experiments, extraction assisted by microwave radiation, ultrasound and pressure in procedures known as MASE, UASE and PLE techniques, respectively, was used. By comparing the amounts of native plant components, i.e., compounds present in the extract obtained, as shown, by the non-destructive SSDM technique with the amounts of these compounds estimated in extracts obtained by the above-mentioned techniques, it was proven that their content is variable. These differences are a consequence of two opposing processes, i.e., the success of the isolation process (its efficiency) and the degree of degradation/transformation of the main components. The results of the studies presented here can reduce the share of the second of the above, and consequently contribute to more effective obtaining of phenolic compounds from plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products: Extraction, Analysis and Biological Activities)
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13 pages, 1218 KiB  
Article
Monoterpene Hydroxy Lactones Isolated from Thalassiosira sp. Microalga and Their Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities
by Alcina M. M. B. Morais, Decha Kumla, Valter F. R. Martins, Ana Alves, Luis Gales, Artur M. S. Silva, Paulo M. Costa, Sharad Mistry, Anake Kijjoa and Rui M. S. C. Morais
Molecules 2024, 29(21), 5175; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29215175 - 31 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1624
Abstract
Two monoterpenoid lactones, loliolide (1) and epi-loliolide (2), were isolated from the crude dichloromethane extract of a microalga, Thalassiosira sp.). The structures of loliolide (1) and epi-loliolide (2) were elucidated by 1D and [...] Read more.
Two monoterpenoid lactones, loliolide (1) and epi-loliolide (2), were isolated from the crude dichloromethane extract of a microalga, Thalassiosira sp.). The structures of loliolide (1) and epi-loliolide (2) were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR analysis, as well as a comparison of their 1H or/and 13C NMR data with those reported in the literature. In the case of loliolide (1), the absolute configurations of its stereogenic carbons were confirmed by X-ray analysis, whereas those of epi-loliolide (2) were determined by NOESY correlations. Loliolide (1) and epi-loliolide (2) were tested for their growth inhibitory activity against two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) bacteria, as well as one clinical isolate (E. coli SA/2, an extended-spectrum β-lactamase producer-ESBL) and two environmental isolates, S. aureus 74/24, a methicillin-resistant (MRSA), and E. faecalis B3/101, a vancomycin-resistant (VRE) isolates. The results showed that none of the tested compounds exhibited antibacterial activity at the highest concentrations tested (325 μM), and both revealed low antioxidant activity, with ORAC values of 2.786 ± 0.070 and 2.520 ± 0.319 µmol TE/100 mg for loliolide (1) and epi-loliolide (2), respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products: Extraction, Analysis and Biological Activities)
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