New Minerals

Editors


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Collection Editor
Department of Geochemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
Interests: new minerals; crystal chemistry; pyrometamorphic rocks; skarns; rodingites; Raman spectroscopy; crystal growth
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Collection Editor
Department of Mineralogy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
Interests: mineralogy; crystal chemistry of minerals and inorganic compounds; rare elements; microporous materials; geochemistry of alkaline rocks and postvolcanic processes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Collection Editor
Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
Interests: genetic and prospecting mineralogy; microbeam analysis technique and its standardization
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Topical Collection Information

Dear Colleagues,

The number of new minerals has increased continuously in recent years, reaching almost 200 new species in 2018. This great bunch of discoveries calls for a proper place to publish their descriptions and characterizations. We strongly believe that this topical collection of the journal Minerals could be the right place to report such accounts.

New minerals are becoming more and more important for the improvement of the knowledge about processes relevant for Earth and planets with possible know-how transfer to environmental and material sciences. They are indeed messengers about the way Earth works, from the mantle to the surficial environments. In the present society, a deep knowledge of (new) minerals are becoming increasingly important, not only because they are the source of several useful metals, but also for their interesting applications in high-tech fields. Therefore, by increasing the knowledge of new minerals we could increase the understanding of the past, present, and future of our planet.

Prof. Dr. Irina O. Galuskina
Prof. Dr. Igor V. Pekov
Dr. Zhenyu Chen
Collection Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • new minerals
  • crystal structure
  • crystal chemistry
  • new structure type
  • mineral group
  • mineral supergroup
  • mineral classification

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (21 papers)

2024

Jump to: 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019

15 pages, 13694 KiB  
Article
Karwowskiite, Ca9(Fe2+0.50.5)Mg(PO4)7—A New Merrillite Group Mineral from Paralava of the Hatrurim Complex, Daba-Siwaqa, Jordan
by Evgeny V. Galuskin, Irina O. Galuskina, Joachim Kusz, Maria Książek, Yevgeny Vapnik and Grzegorz Zieliński
Minerals 2024, 14(8), 825; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14080825 - 14 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 823
Abstract
Crystals of karwowskiite, Ca9Mg(Fe2+0.50.5)(PO4)7, a new mineral of the merrillite group, were found on an amygdule wall in the central part of an anorthite–tridymite–diopside paralava of the Hatrurim Complex, Daba-Siwaqa, Jordan. The [...] Read more.
Crystals of karwowskiite, Ca9Mg(Fe2+0.50.5)(PO4)7, a new mineral of the merrillite group, were found on an amygdule wall in the central part of an anorthite–tridymite–diopside paralava of the Hatrurim Complex, Daba-Siwaqa, Jordan. The amygdule was filled with a sulfide melt, which after crystallization gave a differentiated nodule, consisting of troilite and pentlandite parts and containing tetrataenite and nickelphosphide inclusions. Karwowskiite crystals are colorless, although sometimes a greenish tint is observed. The mineral has a vitreous luster. The microhardness VHN25 is 365 (12), corresponding to 4 on the Mohs hardness scale. Cleavage is not observed, and fracture is conchoidal. The calculated density is 3.085 g/cm3. Karwowskiite is uniaxial (−): ω = 1.638 (3), ε = 1.622 (3) (λ = 589 nm), and pleochroism is not observed. The composition of karwowskiite is described by the empirical formula: Ca9.00(□0.54Fe2+0.23Mg0.12Na0.04 Sr0.03 Ni0.03K0.01) Σ1.00Mg1.00(PO4)7.02. Karwowskiite is distinct from the known minerals of the merrillite subgroup with the general formula A9XM[TO3(Ø)]7, where A = Ca, Na, Sr, and Y; X = Na, Ca, and □; M = Mg, Fe2+, Fe3+, and Mn; T = P; and Ø = O, in that the X site in it is occupied by Fe2+0.50.5. Karwowskiite is trigonal, space group R-3c with a = 10.3375 (2) Å, c = 37.1443 (9) Å, and V = 3437.60 (17) Å3. Karwowskiite crystallizes at temperatures lower than 1100 °C in a thin layer of secondary melt forming on the walls of amygdules and gaseous channels in paralava as a result of contact with heated gases which are by-products of the combustion process. Full article
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14 pages, 6131 KiB  
Article
Eddavidite, Cu12Pb2O15Br2, a New Mineral Species, and Its Solid Solution with Murdochite, Cu12Pb2O15Cl2
by Melli Rosenblatt, Marcus J. Origlieri, Richard Graeme III, Richard Graeme IV, Douglas Graeme and Robert T. Downs
Minerals 2024, 14(3), 307; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14030307 - 15 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1479
Abstract
Eddavidite is a new mineral species (IMA2018-010) with ideal formula, Cu12Pb2O15Br2, and cubic Fm3¯m symmetry: a = 9.2407(9) Å; V = 789.1(2) Å3; Z = 2. Eddavidite is the bromine [...] Read more.
Eddavidite is a new mineral species (IMA2018-010) with ideal formula, Cu12Pb2O15Br2, and cubic Fm3¯m symmetry: a = 9.2407(9) Å; V = 789.1(2) Å3; Z = 2. Eddavidite is the bromine analog of murdochite, Cu12Pb2O15Cl2, with which it forms a solid solution series. The type locality is the Southwest mine, Bisbee, Cochise County, Arizona, U.S.A. Eddavidite also occurs in the Ojuela mine, Mapimí, Durango, Mexico. Eddavidite occurs as domains within mixed murdochite–eddavidite crystals. The empirical formula, normalized to 12 Cu apfu, is Cu12(Pb1.92Fe0.06Si0.06)(O15.08F0.02)-(Br0.99Cl0.890.12). Type locality samples contain up to 67% eddavidite component, while Ojuela mine samples contain up to 62%. Mixed eddavidite–murdochite crystals show forms {100} and {111}; the habit grades from cubic through cuboctahedral to octahedral. Mixed eddavidite–-murdochite crystals exhibit good cleavage on {111}. Eddavidite is black, opaque with submetallic luster, and visually indistinguishable from intergrown murdochite. Its Mohs hardness is 4; dmeas. = 6.33 g/cm3, dcalc. = 6.45 g/cm3. The crystal structure, refined to R = 0.0112, consists of corner-sharing square planar CuO4 units, arranged in Cu12O24 metal oxide clusters, which encapsulate Br atoms. PbO8 cubes share edges with Cu12O24 clusters in a continuous framework. Eddavidite incorporates bromine remaining after desiccation of paleo-seawater at its two known localities, which were both once situated along the Western Interior Seaway. Full article
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11 pages, 3335 KiB  
Article
Désorite, Pb2(Fe3+6Zn)O2(PO4)4(OH)8, a New Phosphate Mineral Isotypic with Jamesite
by Anthony R. Kampf, Gerhard Möhn and Chi Ma
Minerals 2024, 14(2), 175; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14020175 - 6 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1393
Abstract
The new mineral désorite, Pb2(Fe3+6Zn)O2(PO4)4(OH)8, is a secondary oxidation-zone mineral discovered on the dumps of the Schöne Aussicht mine, Dernbach, Westerwaldkreis, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The crystals are irregular blades up to [...] Read more.
The new mineral désorite, Pb2(Fe3+6Zn)O2(PO4)4(OH)8, is a secondary oxidation-zone mineral discovered on the dumps of the Schöne Aussicht mine, Dernbach, Westerwaldkreis, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The crystals are irregular blades up to about 0.25 mm long, occurring in subparallel and radial aggregates. Désorite is brownish red. It has an orange streak, adamantine luster, brittle tenacity, splintery and curved fracture and two cleavages: {021¯} perfect and {001} good. It has a hardness (Mohs) of about 3 and is nonfluorescent in both long- and short-wave ultraviolet illumination. The calculated density is 4.633 g/cm3. Optically, crystals are biaxial (+) with α = 2.00(1), β = 2.02(calc) and γ = 2.10(calc) (white light). The 2V is 54(2)° and the optical orientation is Y ~⊥{021¯}, Xa ≈ 13°. The mineral is pleochroic: X yellow brown, Y red brown, Z red brown; X < YZ. The empirical formula from electron microprobe analysis is Pb1.93(Zn0.50Fe3+6.290.21)Σ7.00(P3.90As0.10)Σ4.00O26H8.28. Désorite is triclinic, space group P1¯; the unit-cell parameters are a = 5.4389(7), b = 9.3242(13), c = 10.0927(12) Å, α = 109.024(8), β = 90.521(6), γ = 97.588(7)°, V = 478.90(11) Å3 and Z = 1. Désorite has a framework structure (R1 = 0.0487 for 937 I > 2σI reflections) assembled from Fe3+O6 octahedra and PO4 tetrahedra, with Pb occupying cavities in the framework. The Fe3+O6 octahedra in the framework occur in edge-sharing chains, edge-sharing trimers and individual octahedra, all sharing corners with each other and with PO4 tetrahedra. Désorite is isostructural with jamesite and lulzacite. Full article
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2023

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20 pages, 30112 KiB  
Article
Discovery of “Meteoritic” Layered Disulphides ACrS2 (A = Na, Cu, Ag) in Terrestrial Rock
by Evgeny V. Galuskin, Irina O. Galuskina, Yevgeny Vapnik and Grzegorz Zieliński
Minerals 2023, 13(3), 381; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13030381 - 9 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3090
Abstract
For the first time, chromium disulphides, known from meteorites, such as caswellsilverite, NaCrS2; grokhovskyite, CuCrS2; and a potentially new mineral, AgCrS2, as well as the products of their alteration, such as schöllhornite, Na0.3CrS2∙H [...] Read more.
For the first time, chromium disulphides, known from meteorites, such as caswellsilverite, NaCrS2; grokhovskyite, CuCrS2; and a potentially new mineral, AgCrS2, as well as the products of their alteration, such as schöllhornite, Na0.3CrS2∙H2O, and a potentially new mineral with the formula {Fe0.3(Ba,Ca)0.2} CrS2·0.5H2O, have been found in terrestrial rock. Layered chromium disulphides were found in unusual phosphide-bearing breccia of the pyrometamorphic Hatrurim Complex in the Negev Desert, Israel. The chromium disulphides belong to the central fragment of porous gehlenite paralava cementing altered host rock clasts. The empirical formula of caswellsilverite is (Na0.77Sr0.03Ca0.01)Σ0.81(Cr3+0.79Cr4+0.18V3+0.01 Fe3+0.01)Σ0.99S2·0.1H2O, and the end-member content of NaCrS2 is 76%. It forms single crystals in altered pyrrhotite aggregates. Grokhovskyite has the empirical formula {Cu+0.84Fe3+0.10Ca0.06 Na0.01 Sr0.01Ba0.01}Σ1.03(Cr3+0.94 Fe3+0.05 V3+0.05)Σ1.00S2·0.35H2O, and the CuCrS2 end-member content is 75–80%. A potentially new Ag-bearing chromium disulphide is characterised by the composition (Ag0.89Cu0.07)Σ0.96(Cr0.98 Fe0.03V0.01Ni0.01)Σ1.04S2. Caswellsilverite, grokhovskyite and AgCrS2 form in gehlenite paralava at high temperatures (near 1000 °C) and low pressure under reducing conditions. The structure of the layered chromium disulphides, MCrS2, is characterised by the presence of hexagonal octahedral layers (CrS2)1−, between which M-sites of the monovalent cations Ag, Cu and Na set. A low-temperature alteration of the layered chromium disulphides, when schöllhornite and {Fe0.3(Ba,Ca)0.2}CrS2·0.5H2O form, is reflected in the composition and structural modification of the layer with monovalent cations, whereas the octahedral layer (CrS2)1− remains unchanged. Full article
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2022

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16 pages, 4930 KiB  
Article
A Natural Vanadate–Arsenate Isomorphous Series with Jeffbenite-Type Structure: New Fumarolic Minerals Udinaite, NaMg4(VO4)3, and Arsenudinaite, NaMg4(AsO4)3
by Igor V. Pekov, Natalia N. Koshlyakova, Natalia V. Zubkova, Dmitry I. Belakovskiy, Marina F. Vigasina, Atali A. Agakhanov, Dmitry A. Ksenofontov, Anna G. Turchkova, Sergey N. Britvin, Evgeny G. Sidorov and Dmitry Yu. Pushcharovsky
Minerals 2022, 12(7), 850; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12070850 - 1 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2037
Abstract
Two new isostructural minerals udinaite and arsenudinaite with the end-member formulae NaMg4(VO4)3 and NaMg4(AsO4)3, respectively, are found in the Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. They are associated with one another and [...] Read more.
Two new isostructural minerals udinaite and arsenudinaite with the end-member formulae NaMg4(VO4)3 and NaMg4(AsO4)3, respectively, are found in the Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. They are associated with one another and anhydrite, diopside, hematite, schäferite, berzeliite, svabite, calciojohillerite, tilasite, reznitskyite, ludwigite, rhabdoborite-group borates, forsterite, magnesioferrite, fluorapatite, pliniusite, and powellite. Both minerals occur as equant tetragonal prismatic–dipyramidal crystals up to 0.15 mm, aggregates up to 1 cm and interrupted crusts up to 2 × 2 cm2. Udinaite and arsenudinaite, visually indistinguishable from one another, are transparent, beige or brownish-yellowish, with vitreous lustre. Both minerals are optically uniaxial (–); ω = 1.785/1.777 and ε = 1.830/1.820, Dcalc. = 3.613/3.816 g·cm−3 (udinaite/arsenudinaite). The empirical formulae are: udinaite: (Na0.55Ca0.16)Σ0.71(Mg4.04Mn0.02Fe0.01)Σ4.07(V1.63As1.05P0.28Si0.03S0.01)Σ3.00O12; arsenudinaite: (Na0.57Ca0.13)Σ0.70(Mg4.01Mn0.01Fe0.01)Σ4.03(As2.07V0.84P0.10Si0.01S0.01)Σ3.03O12. Both minerals are tetragonal, I-42d, Z = 4, a = 6.8011(2)/6.8022(1), c = 19.1839(12)/19.1843(6) Å, and V = 887.35(7)/887.66(4) Å3, R1 = 0.0287/0.0119 (udinaite/arsenudinaite). Their crystal structure consists of the helical chains of edge-sharing MgO6 octahedra and isolated TO4 tetrahedra, forming a heteropolyhedral pseudo-framework with Na cations located in cavities. Both minerals are isostructural to jeffbenite. Udinaite and arsenudinaite form an isomorphous series in which the contents of T constituents vary within (in apfu): V1.6–0.1As2.8–1.0P0.4–0.0. Full article
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10 pages, 2216 KiB  
Article
Lowering R3m Symmetry in Mg-Fe-Tourmalines: The Crystal Structures of Triclinic Schorl and Oxy-Dravite, and the Mineral luinaite-(OH) Discredited
by Ferdinando Bosi, Henrik Skogby, Ulf Hålenius, Marco E. Ciriotti and Stuart J. Mills
Minerals 2022, 12(4), 430; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12040430 - 31 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2506
Abstract
Discreditation of the monoclinic tourmaline mineral species luinaite-(OH), ideally (Na,▯)(Fe2+,Mg)3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4 was approved by the IMA-CNMNC (proposal 21-L) and is described. We analyzed two luinaite-( [...] Read more.
Discreditation of the monoclinic tourmaline mineral species luinaite-(OH), ideally (Na,▯)(Fe2+,Mg)3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4 was approved by the IMA-CNMNC (proposal 21-L) and is described. We analyzed two luinaite-(OH) samples: one from the type locality Cleveland tin mine, Luina, Waratah, Tasmania, Australia, and the other from Blue Mountain Saddle (Bald Hornet Claim), North Bend, King County, Washington, DC, USA. Biaxial (−) crystals representative of the studied samples were spectroscopically (Mössbauer, polarized Fourier transform infrared, optical absorption spectroscopy), chemically (nuclear microprobe analysis and electron microprobe analysis), and structurally characterized (single-crystal X-ray diffraction). Results show the occurrence of a triclinic structure for the studied luinaite-(OH) samples, which differs only in terms of a slight structural distortion from typical trigonal tourmaline structure (the topology of the structure is retained). As a result, following the IMA-CNMNC and tourmaline nomenclature rules, the triclinic luinaite-(OH) from the type locality (Australia) can be considered as the triclinic dimorph of schorl, as its chemical composition corresponds to schorl, and thus it should be referred as schorl-1A. Similarly, the triclinic sample from the USA can be considered as the triclinic dimorph of oxy-dravite, as its chemical composition corresponds to oxy-dravite, and then is referred to as oxy-dravite-1A. Full article
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12 pages, 2903 KiB  
Article
Radvaniceite, GeS2, a New Germanium Sulphide, from the Kateřina Mine, Radvanice near Trutnov, Czech Republic
by Jiří Sejkora, Vladimír Žáček, Radek Škoda, František Laufek and Zdeněk Dolníček
Minerals 2022, 12(2), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12020222 - 9 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2699
Abstract
The new mineral radvaniceite, GeS2, was found on the burning coal mine dump of the abandoned Kateřina coal mine at Radvanice, near Trutnov, northern Bohemia, Czech Republic. It occurs as aggregates resembling cotton tufts up to 5 mm in size; they [...] Read more.
The new mineral radvaniceite, GeS2, was found on the burning coal mine dump of the abandoned Kateřina coal mine at Radvanice, near Trutnov, northern Bohemia, Czech Republic. It occurs as aggregates resembling cotton tufts up to 5 mm in size; they are composed of acicular crystals up to fibres about 1–5 μm thick and up to 3 mm in length. Individual fibres are distorted and partly resemble bent wires nucleated on rock fragments or on black, crumbly ash, in association with minerals of solid solutions of Bi-Sb and stangersite, herzenbergite, and greenockite. Radvaniceite was also observed as irregular grains in a range of 10–50 μm in size, forming part of earlier multicomponent aggregates upon which the above-described crystals grow. These aggregates are formed, in addition to radvaniceite, by minerals of Bi-Sb, Bi2S3-Sb2S3 and Bi2S3-Bi2Se3 solid solutions, Bi3S2, Bi-sulpho/seleno/tellurides, tellurium, unnamed PbGeS3, Cd4GeS6, GeAsS, Sn5Sb3S7, stangersite, greenockite, cadmoindite, herzenbergite, teallite, and Sn- and/or Se-bearing galena. Radvaniceite is formed under reducing conditions by direct crystallization from hot gasses (250–350 °C) containing Cl and F at a depth of 30–60 cm under the surface of a burning coal mine dump; the mine dump fire started spontaneously, and no anthropogenic material was deposited there. Acicular crystals up to fibres of radvaniceite are elastic to flexible; are white to yellowish grey in colour, with white streaks; are translucent in transmitted light; and have vitreous to adamantine lustre. Cleavage and fracture were not observed. The calculated density is 3.05 and 2.99 g·cm−3 for the empirical and ideal formulae, respectively. Radvaniceite is transparent under the microscope, with a very weak pleochroism (from colourless to pale greenish yellow), and has a refraction index > 1.8. Under reflected light, radvaniceite is light grey; bireflectance and pleochroism were not observed due to abundant, white to grey, internal reflections. Anisotropy in crossed polars is distinct with grey rotation tints. Reflectance values of radvaniceite in air (Rmin–Rmax, %) are: 15.4–18.8 at 470 nm, 16.1–20.4 at 546 nm, 16.4–20.8 at 589 nm, and 16.9–20.9 at 650 nm. The empirical formula, based on electron-microprobe analyses, is (Ge0.99Bi0.01)Σ1.00(S1.97Se0.03)Σ2.00. The ideal formula is GeS2, which requires Ge 53.10, S 46.90, total 100 wt. %. Radvaniceite is monoclinic, Pc, a = 6.8831(12), b = 22.501(3), c = 6.8081(11) Å, β = 120.365(9)°, with V = 909.8(4) Å3 and Z = 12. The strongest reflections of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I) (hkl)] are: 5.7395 (100) (11-1, 110), 5.2067 (16) (021), 3.3650 (33) (111, 11-2), 2.8417 (33) (022), 2.8236 (16) (170, 17-1), 2.8134 (20) (080) and 2.6257 (19) (240, 24-2). According to X-ray powder diffraction data and Raman spectroscopy, radvaniceite is a natural analogue of synthetic monoclinic low-temperature β-GeS2 with distorted GeS4 tetrahedra forming four corner-sharing tetrahedral chains, which are connected by corner-sharing tetrahedra in a three-dimensional structure. We named the mineral after its type locality, Radvanice, one of the past centres of coal mining in the Czech limb of the Intra-Sudetic Basin. This mineral and its name have been approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association (number 2021-052). Full article
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2021

Jump to: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2020, 2019

18 pages, 6939 KiB  
Article
Zoisite-(Pb), a New Orthorhombic Epidote-Related Mineral from the Jakobsberg Mine, Värmland, Sweden, and Its Relationships with Hancockite
by Natale Perchiazzi, Daniela Mauro, Pietro Vignola, Federica Zaccarini and Knut Eldjarn
Minerals 2022, 12(1), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12010051 - 30 Dec 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2770
Abstract
The new mineral zoisite-(Pb), ideally CaPbAl3(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH), was discovered in a sample from the Jakobsberg manganese-iron oxide deposit, Värmland, Sweden. Zoisite-(Pb) is found as pale pink subhedral prisms elongated on [010], up to 0.3 mm in [...] Read more.
The new mineral zoisite-(Pb), ideally CaPbAl3(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH), was discovered in a sample from the Jakobsberg manganese-iron oxide deposit, Värmland, Sweden. Zoisite-(Pb) is found as pale pink subhedral prisms elongated on [010], up to 0.3 mm in size, associated with calcite, celsian, diopside, grossular, hancockite, hyalophane, native lead, phlogopite, and vesuvianite. Associated feldspars show one of the highest PbO contents (~7–8 wt%) found in nature. Electron-microprobe analysis of zoisite-(Pb) point to the empirical formula (Ca1.09Pb0.86Mn2+0.01Na0.01)∑1.97(Al2.88Fe3+0.10Mn3+0.04)∑3.02Si3.00O12(OH)1.00. The eight strongest diffraction lines [dobs, Iobs, (hkl)] are 8.63 s (101), 8.11 mw (200), 4.895 m (011), 4.210 m (211), 3.660 s (112, 311), 3.097 mw (312), 2.900 s (013), and 2.725 m (511). Zoisite-(Pb) is isostructural with zoisite and its crystal structure was refined up to R1 = 0.0213 for 2013 reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo). Pb shows a stereochemically active lone pair leading to a lopsided distribution of its coordinating oxygens. A full chemical and Raman characterization of zoisite-(Pb) and of the Pb-bearing epidote hancockite is reported, together with an improved crystal structural model of hancockite, refined up to R1 = 0.0254 for 2041 reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo). The effects of the incorporation of Pb in the crystal structure of zoisite-(Pb), hancockite, and related synthetic and natural phases are described and discussed. Full article
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19 pages, 7473 KiB  
Article
Dioskouriite, CaCu4Cl6(OH)4∙4H2O: A New Mineral Description, Crystal Chemistry and Polytypism
by Igor V. Pekov, Natalia V. Zubkova, Andrey A. Zolotarev, Vasiliy O. Yapaskurt, Sergey V. Krivovichev, Dmitry I. Belakovskiy, Inna Lykova, Marina F. Vigasina, Anatoly V. Kasatkin, Evgeny G. Sidorov and Dmitry Yu. Pushcharovsky
Minerals 2021, 11(1), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11010090 - 18 Jan 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3621
Abstract
A new mineral, dioskouriite, CaCu4Cl6(OH)4∙4H2O, represented by two polytypes, monoclinic (2M) and orthorhombic (2O), which occur together, was found in moderately hot zones of two active fumaroles, Glavnaya Tenoritovaya and Arsenatnaya, [...] Read more.
A new mineral, dioskouriite, CaCu4Cl6(OH)4∙4H2O, represented by two polytypes, monoclinic (2M) and orthorhombic (2O), which occur together, was found in moderately hot zones of two active fumaroles, Glavnaya Tenoritovaya and Arsenatnaya, at the Second scoria cone of the Northern Breakthrough of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. Dioskouriite seems to be a product of the interactions involving high-temperature sublimate minerals, fumarolic gas and atmospheric water vapor at temperatures not higher than 150 °C. It is associated with avdoninite, belloite, chlorothionite, eriochalcite, sylvite, halite, carnallite, mitscherlichite, chrysothallite, sanguite, romanorlovite, feodosiyite, mellizinkalite, flinteite, kainite, gypsum, sellaite and earlier hematite, tenorite and chalcocyanite in Glavnaya Tenoritovaya and with avdoninite and earlier hematite, tenorite, fluorophlogopite, diopside, clinoenstatite, sanidine, halite, aphthitalite-group sulfates, anhydrite, pseudobrookite, powellite and baryte in Arsenatnaya. Dioskouriite forms tabular, lamellar or flattened prismatic, typically sword-like crystals up to 0.01 mm × 0.04 mm × 0.1 mm combined in groups or crusts up to 1 × 2 mm2 in area. The mineral is transparent, bright green with vitreous luster. It is brittle; cleavage is distinct. The Mohs hardness is ca. 3. Dmeas is 2.75(1) and Dcalc is 2.765 for dioskouriite-2O and 2.820 g cm−3 for dioskouriite-2M. Dioskouriite-2O is optically biaxial (+), α = 1.695(4), β = 1.715(8), γ = 1.750(6) and 2Vmeas. = 70(10)°. The Raman spectrum is reported. The chemical composition (wt%, electron microprobe data, H2O calculated by total difference; dioskouriite-2O/dioskouriite-2M) is: K2O 0.03/0.21; MgO 0.08/0.47; CaO 8.99/8.60; CuO 49.24/49.06; Cl 32.53/32.66; H2O(calc.) 16.48/16.38; -O=Cl −7.35/−7.38; total 100/100. The empirical formulae based on 14 O + Cl apfu are: dioskouriite-2O: Ca1.04(Cu4.02Mg0.01)Σ4.03[Cl5.96(OH)3.90O0.14]Σ10∙4H2O; dioskouriite-2M: (Ca1.00K0.03)Σ4.03(Cu4.01Mg0.08)Σ4.09[Cl5.99(OH)3.83O0.18]Σ10∙4H2O. Dioskouriite-2M has the space group P21/c, a = 7.2792(8), b = 10.3000(7), c = 20.758(2) Å, β = 100.238(11)°, V = 1531.6(2) Å3 and Z = 4; dioskouriite-2O: P212121, a = 7.3193(7), b = 10.3710(10), c = 20.560(3) Å, V = 1560.6(3) Å3 and Z = 4. The crystal structure (solved from single-crystal XRD data, R = 0.104 and 0.081 for dioskouriite-2M and -2O, respectively) is unique. The structures of both polytypes are based upon identical BAB layers parallel to (001) and composed from Cu2+-centered polyhedra. The core of each layer is formed by a sheet A of edge-sharing mixed-ligand octahedra centered by Cu(1), Cu(2), Cu(3), Cu(5) and Cu(6) atoms, whereas distorted Cu(4)(OH)2Cl3 tetragonal pyramids are attached to the A sheet on both sides, along with the Ca(OH)2(H2O)4Cl2 eight-cornered polyhedra, which provide the linkage of the two adjacent layers via long Ca−Cl bonds. The Cu(4) and Ca polyhedra form the B sheet. The difference between the 2M and 2O polytypes arises as a result of different stacking of layers along the c axis. The cation array of the layer corresponds to the capped kagomé lattice that is also observed in several other natural Cu hydroxychlorides: atacamite, clinoatacamite, bobkingite and avdoninite. The mineral is named after Dioskouri, the famous inseparable twin brothers of ancient Greek mythology, Castor and Polydeuces, the same in face but different in exercises and achievements; the name is given in allusion to the existence of two polytypes that are indistinguishable in appearance but different in symmetry, unit cell configuration and XRD pattern. Full article
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2020

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10 pages, 4055 KiB  
Article
Kishonite, VH2, and Oreillyite, Cr2N, Two New Minerals from the Corundum Xenocrysts of Mt Carmel, Northern Israel
by Luca Bindi, Fernando Cámara, Sarah E. M. Gain, William L. Griffin, Jin-Xiang Huang, Martin Saunders and Vered Toledo
Minerals 2020, 10(12), 1118; https://doi.org/10.3390/min10121118 - 13 Dec 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4807
Abstract
Here, we describe two new minerals, kishonite (VH2) and oreillyite (Cr2N), found in xenoliths occurring in pyroclastic ejecta of small Cretaceous basaltic volcanoes exposed on Mount Carmel, Northern Israel. Kishonite was studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and was found [...] Read more.
Here, we describe two new minerals, kishonite (VH2) and oreillyite (Cr2N), found in xenoliths occurring in pyroclastic ejecta of small Cretaceous basaltic volcanoes exposed on Mount Carmel, Northern Israel. Kishonite was studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and was found to be cubic, space group Fm3¯m, with a = 4.2680(10) Å, V = 77.75(3) Å3, and Z = 4. Oreillyite was studied by both single-crystal X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy and was found to be trigonal, space group P3¯1m, with a = 4.7853(5) Å, c = 4.4630(6) Å, V = 88.51 Å3, and Z = 3. The presence of such a mineralization in these xenoliths supports the idea of the presence of reduced fluids in the sublithospheric mantle influencing the transport of volatile species (e.g., C, H) from the deep Earth to the surface. The minerals and their names have been approved by the Commission of New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association (No. 2020-023 and 2020-030a). Full article
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28 pages, 8899 KiB  
Article
Rippite, K2(Nb,Ti)2(Si4O12)O(O,F), a New K-Nb-Cyclosilicate from Chuktukon Carbonatite Massif, Chadobets Upland, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia
by Victor V. Sharygin, Anna G. Doroshkevich, Yurii V. Seryotkin, Nikolai S. Karmanov, Elena V. Belogub, Tatyana N. Moroz, Elena N. Nigmatulina, Alexander P. Yelisseyev, Vitalii N. Vedenyapin and Igor N. Kupriyanov
Minerals 2020, 10(12), 1102; https://doi.org/10.3390/min10121102 - 8 Dec 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3898
Abstract
Rippite K2(Nb,Ti)2(Si4O12)(O,F)2, a new K-Nb-cyclosilicate, has been discovered in calciocarbonatites from the Chuktukon massif (Chadobets upland, SW Siberian Platform, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia). It was found in a primary mineral assemblage, which also includes [...] Read more.
Rippite K2(Nb,Ti)2(Si4O12)(O,F)2, a new K-Nb-cyclosilicate, has been discovered in calciocarbonatites from the Chuktukon massif (Chadobets upland, SW Siberian Platform, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia). It was found in a primary mineral assemblage, which also includes calcite, fluorcalciopyrochlore, tainiolite, fluorapatite, fluorite, Nb-rich rutile, olekminskite, K-feldspar, Fe-Mn–dolomite and quartz. Goethite, francolite (Sr-rich carbonate–fluorapatite) and psilomelane (romanèchite ± hollandite) aggregates as well as barite, monazite-(Ce), parisite-(Ce), synchysite-(Ce) and Sr-Ba-Pb-rich keno-/hydropyrochlore are related to a stage of metasomatic (hydrothermal) alteration of carbonatites. The calcite–dolomite coexistence assumes crystallization temperature near 837 °C for the primary carbonatite paragenesis. Rippite is tetragonal: P4bm, a = 8.73885(16), c = 8.1277(2) Å, V = 620.69(2) Å3, Z = 2. It is closely identical in the structure and cell parameters to synthetic K2Nb2(Si4O12)O2 (or KNbSi2O7). Similar to synthetic phase, the mineral has nonlinear properties. Some optical and physical properties for rippite are: colorless; Mohs’ hardness—4–5; cleavage—(001) very perfect, (100) perfect to distinct; density (meas.)—3.17(2) g/cm3; density (calc.)—3.198 g/cm3; optically uniaxial (+); ω = 1.737-1.739; ε = 1.747 (589 nm). The empirical formula of the holotype rippite (mean of 120 analyses) is K2(Nb1.90Ti0.09Zr0.01)[Si4O12](O1.78OH0.12F0.10). Majority of rippite prismatic crystals are weakly zoned and show Ti-poor composition K2(Nb1.93Ti0.05Zr0.02)[Si4O12](O1.93F0.07). Raman and IR spectroscopy, and SIMS data indicate very low H2O content (0.09–0.23 wt %). Some grains may contain an outermost zone, which is enriched in Ti (+Zr) and F, up to K2(Nb1.67Ti0.32Zr0.01)[Si4O12](O1.67F0.33). It strongly suggests the incorporation of (Ti,Zr) and F in the structure of rippite via the isomorphism Nb5+ + O2− → (Ti,Zr)4+ + F1−. The content of a hypothetical end-member K2Ti2[Si4O12]F2 may be up to 17 mol. %. Rippite represents a new structural type among [Si4O12]-cyclosilicates because of specific type of connection of the octahedral chains and [Si4O12]8− rings. In structural and chemical aspects it seems to be in close with the labuntsovite-supergroup minerals, namely with vuoriyarvite-(K), K2(Nb,Ti)2(Si4O12)(O,OH)2∙4H2O. Full article
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15 pages, 3974 KiB  
Article
Rüdlingerite, Mn2+2V5+As5+O7·2H2O, a New Species Isostructural with Fianelite
by Philippe Roth, Nicolas Meisser, Fabrizio Nestola, Radek Škoda, Fernando Cámara, Ferdinando Bosi, Marco E. Ciriotti, Ulf Hålenius, Cédric Schnyder and Roberto Bracco
Minerals 2020, 10(11), 960; https://doi.org/10.3390/min10110960 - 27 Oct 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4038
Abstract
The new mineral species rüdlingerite, ideally Mn2+2V5+As5+O7·2H2O, occurs in the Fianel mine, in Val Ferrera, Grisons, Switzerland, a small Alpine metamorphic Mn deposit. It is associated with ansermetite and Fe oxyhydroxide in [...] Read more.
The new mineral species rüdlingerite, ideally Mn2+2V5+As5+O7·2H2O, occurs in the Fianel mine, in Val Ferrera, Grisons, Switzerland, a small Alpine metamorphic Mn deposit. It is associated with ansermetite and Fe oxyhydroxide in thin fractures in Triassic dolomitic marbles. Rüdlingerite was also found in specimens recovered from the dump of the Valletta mine, Canosio, Cuneo, Piedmont, Italy, where it occurs together with massive braccoite and several other As- and V-rich phases in richly mineralized veins crossing the quartz-hematite ore. The new mineral displays at both localities yellow to orange, flattened elongated prismatic, euhedral crystals measuring up to 300 μm in length. Electron-microprobe analysis of rüdlingerite from Fianel gave (in wt%): MnO 36.84, FeO 0.06, As2O5, 25.32, V2O5 28.05, SiO2 0.13, H2Ocalc 9.51, total 99.91. On the basis of 9 O anions per formula unit, the chemical formula of rüdlingerite is Mn1.97(V5+1.17 As0.83Si0.01)Σ2.01O7·2H2O. The main diffraction lines are [dobs in Å (Iobs) hkl]: 3.048 (100) 022, 5.34 (80) 120, 2.730 (60) 231, 2.206 (60) 16-1, 7.28 (50) 020, 2.344 (50) 250, 6.88 (40) 110, and 2.452 (40) 320. Study of the crystal structure showcases a monoclinic unit cell, space group P21/n, with a = 7.8289(2) Å, b = 14.5673(4) Å, c = 6.7011(2) Å, β = 93.773(2)°, V = 762.58(4) Å3, Z = 4. The crystal structure has been solved and refined to R1 = 0.041 on the basis of 3784 reflections with Fo > 4σ(F). It shows Mn2+ hosted in chains of octahedra that are subparallel to [-101] and bound together by pairs of tetrahedra hosted by V5+ and As5+, building up a framework. Additional linkage is provided by hydrogen-bonding through H2O coordinating Mn2+ at the octahedra. One tetrahedrally coordinated site is dominated by V5+, T(1)(V0.88As0.12), corresponding to an observed site scattering of 24.20 electrons per site (eps), whereas the second site is strongly dominated by As5+,T(2)(As0.74V0.26), with, accordingly, a higher observed site scattering of 30.40 eps. The new mineral has been approved by the IMA-CNMNC and named for Gottfried Rüdlinger (born 1919), a pioneer in the 1960–1980s, in the search and study of the small minerals from the Alpine manganese mineral deposits of Grisons. Full article
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11 pages, 1261 KiB  
Article
Chromium Members of the Pumpellyite Group: Shuiskite-(Cr), Ca2CrCr2[SiO4][Si2O6(OH)](OH)2O, a New Mineral, and Shuiskite-(Mg), a New Species Name for Shuiskite
by Inna Lykova, Dmitry Varlamov, Nikita Chukanov, Igor Pekov, Dmitry Belakovskiy, Oleg Ivanov, Natalia Zubkova and Sergey Britvin
Minerals 2020, 10(5), 390; https://doi.org/10.3390/min10050390 - 26 Apr 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3748
Abstract
A new pumpellyite-group mineral shuiskite-(Cr), ideally Ca2CrCr2[SiO4][Si2O6(OH)](OH)2O, was found at the Rudnaya mine, Glavnoe Saranovskoe deposit, Middle Urals, Russia. It occurs on the walls of 0.5 to 1 cm thick fractures [...] Read more.
A new pumpellyite-group mineral shuiskite-(Cr), ideally Ca2CrCr2[SiO4][Si2O6(OH)](OH)2O, was found at the Rudnaya mine, Glavnoe Saranovskoe deposit, Middle Urals, Russia. It occurs on the walls of 0.5 to 1 cm thick fractures in chromitite, filled with calcite, Cr-bearing clinochlore, and uvarovite. Shuiskite-(Cr) forms long prismatic to acicular crystals up to 0.1 × 0.5 × 7 mm elongated along [010] and slightly flattened on [100]. The crystals are commonly combined into radial, sheaf-like aggregates. Most observed crystals are simple twins with a (001) composition plane. Shuiskite-(Cr) is greenish-black under daylight or purplish-black under incandescent light. It is optically biaxial (–), α = 1.757(5), β = 1.788(6), γ = 1.794(6), 2V (meas.) = 45(10)°, 2V (calc.) = 46° (589 nm). The Dcalc is 3.432 g/cm3. The IR spectrum is reported. The chemical composition (wt.%) is CaO 21.33, MgO 3.17, Al2O3 5.41, Cr2O3 28.50, TiO2 0.18, SiO2 33.86, H2O 5.82, total 98.27. The empirical formula calculated based on the sum of eight metal cations and Si atoms per formula unit is Ca2.02Mg0.42Cr3+1.99Al0.56Ti0.01Si3.00O10.57(OH)3.43. The simplified formula is Ca2(Cr,Mg)(Cr,Al)2[SiO4][Si2O6(OH,O)](OH,O)(OH)2. Shuiskite-(Cr) is monoclinic, C2/m, a = 19.2436(6), b = 5.9999(2), c = 8.8316(3) Å, β = 97.833(3)°, V = 1010.17(6) Å3, and Z = 4. The crystal structure, solved from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data (R = 0.0469), is based on a pair of chains of edge-sharing Cr-centred octahedra running along the b axis, linked together via the [SiO4] and [Si2O6(OH)] groups and Ca-centred polyhedra. The mineral species shuiskite, ideally Ca2MgCr2[SiO4][Si2O6(OH)](OH)3, was renamed to shuiskite-(Mg) by the decision of the IMA CNMNC. The shuiskite solid solution series with the general formula Ca2XCr2[SiO4][Si2O6(OH,O)](OH)2(OH,O), which includes shuiskite-(Mg) and shuiskite-(Cr) with X = Mg and Cr3+, respectively, appeared in the pumpellyite group. Full article
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14 pages, 3149 KiB  
Article
Kesebolite-(Ce), CeCa2Mn(AsO4)[SiO3]3, a New REE-Bearing Arsenosilicate Mineral from the Kesebol Mine, Åmål, Västra Götaland, Sweden
by Dan Holtstam, Luca Bindi, Andreas Karlsson, Jörgen Langhof, Thomas Zack, Paola Bonazzi and Anders Persson
Minerals 2020, 10(4), 385; https://doi.org/10.3390/min10040385 - 24 Apr 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4506
Abstract
Kesebolite-(Ce), ideal formula CeCa2Mn(AsO4)[SiO3]3, is a new mineral (IMA No. 2019-097) recovered from mine dumps at the Kesebol Mn-(Fe-Cu) deposit in Västra Götaland, Sweden. It occurs with rhodonite, baryte, quartz, calcite, talc, andradite, rhodochrosite, K-feldspar, [...] Read more.
Kesebolite-(Ce), ideal formula CeCa2Mn(AsO4)[SiO3]3, is a new mineral (IMA No. 2019-097) recovered from mine dumps at the Kesebol Mn-(Fe-Cu) deposit in Västra Götaland, Sweden. It occurs with rhodonite, baryte, quartz, calcite, talc, andradite, rhodochrosite, K-feldspar, hematite, gasparite-(Ce), chernovite-(Y) and ferriakasakaite-(Ce). It forms mostly euhedral crystals, with lengthwise striation. The mineral is dark grayish-brown to brown, translucent, with light brown streak. It is optically biaxial (+), with weak pleochroism, and ncalc = 1.74. H = 5–6 and VHN100 = 825. Fair cleavage is observed on {100}. The calculated density is 3.998(5) g·cm−3. Kesebolite-(Ce) is monoclinic, P21/c, with unit-cell parameters from X-ray single-crystal diffraction data: a = 6.7382(3), b = 13.0368(6), c = 12.0958(6) Å, β = 98.578(2)°, and V = 1050.66(9) Å3, with Z = 4. Strongest Bragg peaks in the X-ray powder pattern are: [I(%), d(Å) (hkl)] 100, 3.114 (20-2); 92, 2.924 (140); 84, 3.138 (041); 72, 2.908 (014); 57, 3.228 (210); 48, 2.856 (042); 48, 3.002 (132). The unique crystal structure was solved and refined to R1 = 4.6%. It consists of 6-periodic single silicate chains along (001); these are interconnected to infinite (010) strings of alternating, corner-sharing MnO6 and AsO4 polyhedra, altogether forming a trellis-like framework parallel to (100). Full article
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11 pages, 2246 KiB  
Article
Fluorluanshiweiite, KLiAl1.50.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10F2, a New Mineral of the Mica Group from the Nanyangshan LCT Pegmatite Deposit, North Qinling Orogen, China
by Kai Qu, Xianzhang Sima, Guowu Li, Guang Fan, Ganfu Shen, Xing Liu, Zhibin Xiao, Hu Guo, Linfei Qiu and Yanjuan Wang
Minerals 2020, 10(2), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/min10020093 - 21 Jan 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4028
Abstract
A new mineral species of the mica group, fluorluanshiweiite, ideally KLiAl1.50.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10F2, has been found in the Nanyangshan LCT (Li, Cs, Ta) pegmatite deposit in North Qinling Orogen (NQO), central China. Fluorluanshiweiite [...] Read more.
A new mineral species of the mica group, fluorluanshiweiite, ideally KLiAl1.50.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10F2, has been found in the Nanyangshan LCT (Li, Cs, Ta) pegmatite deposit in North Qinling Orogen (NQO), central China. Fluorluanshiweiite can be regarded as the F-dominant analogue at the A site of luanshiweiite or the K-dominant analogue at the I site of voloshinite. It appears mostly in cookeite as a flaky residue, replaced by Cs-rich mica, or in the form of scale aggregates. Most individual grains are <1 mm in size, with the largest being ca. 1 cm, and the periphery is replaced by cookeite. No twinning is observed. The mineral is silvery white as a hand specimen, and in a thin section, it appears grayish-white to colorless, transparent with white streaks, with vitreous luster and pearliness on cleavage faces. It is flexible with micaceous fracture; the Mohs hardness is approximately 3; the cleavage is perfect on {001}; and no parting is observed. The measured and calculated densities are 2.94(3) and 2.898 g/cm3, respectively. Optically, fluorluanshiweiite is biaxial (–), with α = 1.554(1), β = 1.581(1), γ = 1.583(1) (white light), 2V(meas.) = 25° to 35°, 2V(calc.) = 30.05°. The calculated compatibility index based on the empirical formula is −0.014 (superior). An electron microprobe analysis yields the empirical formula calculated based on 10 O atoms and 2 additional anions of (K0.85Rb0.12Cs0.02Na0.03)Σ1.02[Li1.05Al1.44(□0.47Fe0.01Mn0.02)Σ0.5] Σ2.99(Si3.55Al0.45) Σ4O10F2, which can be simplified to KLiAl1.50.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10F2. Fluorluanshiweiite is monoclinic with the space group C2/m and unit cell parameters a = 5.2030(5), b = 8.9894(6), c = 10.1253(9) Å, β = 100.68(1)°, and V = 465.37(7) Å3. The strongest eight lines in the X-ray diffraction data are [d in Å(I)(hkl)]: 8.427(25) (001), 4.519(57) (020), 4.121(25) (021), 3.628(61) (112), 3.350(60) (022), 3.091(46) (112), 2.586(100) (130), and 1.506(45) (312). Full article
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2019

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11 pages, 5242 KiB  
Article
Crystal-Chemistry of Sulfates from the Apuan Alps (Tuscany, Italy). VII. Magnanelliite, K3Fe3+2(SO4)4 (OH)(H2O)2, a New Sulfate from the Monte Arsiccio Mine
by Cristian Biagioni, Luca Bindi and Anthony R. Kampf
Minerals 2019, 9(12), 779; https://doi.org/10.3390/min9120779 - 12 Dec 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4332
Abstract
The new mineral species magnanelliite, K3Fe3+2(SO4)4(OH)(H2O)2, was discovered in the Monte Arsiccio mine, Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy. It occurs as steeply terminated prisms, up to 0.5 mm in length, yellow [...] Read more.
The new mineral species magnanelliite, K3Fe3+2(SO4)4(OH)(H2O)2, was discovered in the Monte Arsiccio mine, Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy. It occurs as steeply terminated prisms, up to 0.5 mm in length, yellow to orange-yellow in color, with a vitreous luster. Streak is pale yellow, Mohs hardness is ca. 3, and cleavage is good on {010}, fair on {100}. The measured density is 2.82(3) g/cm3. Magnanelliite is optically biaxial (+), with α = 1.628(2), β = 1.637(2), γ = 1.665(2) (white light), 2Vmeas = 60(2)°, and 2Vcalc = 59.9°. It exhibits a strong dispersion, r > v. The optical orientation is Y = b, X ^ c ~ 25° in the obtuse angle β. It is pleochroic, with X = orange yellow, Y and Z = yellow. Magnanelliite is associated with alum-(K), giacovazzoite, gypsum, jarosite, krausite, melanterite, and scordariite. Electron microprobe analyses give (wt.%): SO3 47.82, TiO2 0.05, Al2O3 0.40, Fe2O3 25.21, MgO 0.07, Na2O 0.20, K2O 21.35, H2Ocalc 6.85, total 101.95. On the basis of 19 anions per formula unit, assuming the occurrence of one (OH) and two H2O groups, the empirical chemical formula of magnanelliite is (K2.98Na0.04)Σ3.02(Fe3+2.08Al0.05Mg0.01)Σ2.14S3.93O16(OH)(H2O)2. The ideal end-member formula can be written as K3Fe3+2(SO4)4(OH)(H2O)2. Magnanelliite is monoclinic, space group C2/c, with a = 7.5491(3), b = 16.8652(6), c = 12.1574(4) Å, β = 94.064(1)°, V = 1543.95(10) Å3, Z = 4. Strongest diffraction lines of the observed X-ray powder pattern are [d(in Å), estimated visual intensity, hkl]: 6.9, medium, 021 and 110; 4.91, medium-weak, 022; 3.612, medium-weak, 1 ¯ 32, 023, and 1 ¯ 13; 3.085, strong, 202, 150, and 1 ¯ 33; 3.006, medium, 004, 1 ¯ 51, and 151; 2.704, medium, 152 and 2 ¯ 23; 2.597, medium-weak, 2 ¯ 42; 2.410, medium-weak, 153. The crystal structure of magnanelliite has been refined using X-ray single-crystal data to a final R1 = 0.025, on the basis of 2411 reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo) and 144 refined parameters. The crystal structure is isotypic with that of alcaparrosaite, K3Ti4+Fe3+(SO)4O(H2O)2. Full article
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17 pages, 4035 KiB  
Article
A New Mineral Ferrisanidine, K[Fe3+Si3O8], the First Natural Feldspar with Species-Defining Iron
by Nadezhda V. Shchipalkina, Igor V. Pekov, Sergey N. Britvin, Natalia N. Koshlyakova, Marina F. Vigasina and Evgeny G. Sidorov
Minerals 2019, 9(12), 770; https://doi.org/10.3390/min9120770 - 11 Dec 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 6056
Abstract
Ferrisanidine, K[Fe3+Si3O8], the first natural feldspar with species-defining iron, is an analogue of sanidine bearing Fe3+ instead of Al. It was found in exhalations of the active Arsenatnaya fumarole at the Second scoria cone of the [...] Read more.
Ferrisanidine, K[Fe3+Si3O8], the first natural feldspar with species-defining iron, is an analogue of sanidine bearing Fe3+ instead of Al. It was found in exhalations of the active Arsenatnaya fumarole at the Second scoria cone of the Northern Breakthrough of the Great Fissure Tolbachik Eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. The associated minerals are aegirine, cassiterite, hematite, sylvite, halite, johillerite, arsmirandite, axelite, aphthitalite. Ferrisanidine forms porous crusts composed by cavernous short prismatic crystals or irregular grains up to 10 μm × 20 μm. Ferrisanidine is transparent, colorless to white, the lustre is vitreous. Dcalc is 2.722 g·cm−3. The chemical composition of ferrisanidine (wt. %, electron microprobe) is: Na2O 0.25, K2O 15.15, Al2O3 0.27, Fe2O3 24.92, SiO2 60.50, in total 101.09. The empirical formula calculated based on 8 O apfu is (K0.97Na0.03)Ʃ1.00(Si3.03Fe3+0.94Al0.02)Ʃ3.99O8. The crystal structure of ferrisanidine was studied using the Rietveld method, the final R indices are: Rp = 0.0053, Rwp = 0.0075, R1 = 0.0536. Parameters of the monoclinic unit cell are: a = 8.678(4), b = 13.144(8), c = 7.337(5) Å, β = 116.39(8)°, V = 749.6(9) Å3. Space group is C2/m. The crystal structure of ferrisanidine is based on the sanidine-type “ferrisilicate” framework formed by disordered [SiO4] and [Fe3+O4] tetrahedra. Full article
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13 pages, 2383 KiB  
Article
Crystal Chemistry of Sulfates from the Apuan Alps (Tuscany, Italy). V. Scordariite, K8(Fe3+0.670.33)[Fe3+3O(SO4)6(H2O)3]2(H2O)11: A New Metavoltine-Related Mineral
by Cristian Biagioni, Luca Bindi, Daniela Mauro and Ulf Hålenius
Minerals 2019, 9(11), 702; https://doi.org/10.3390/min9110702 - 13 Nov 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4975
Abstract
The new mineral species scordariite, K8(Fe3+0.670.33)[Fe3+3O(SO4)6(H2O)3]2(H2O)11, was discovered in the Monte Arsiccio mine, Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy. It occurs [...] Read more.
The new mineral species scordariite, K8(Fe3+0.670.33)[Fe3+3O(SO4)6(H2O)3]2(H2O)11, was discovered in the Monte Arsiccio mine, Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy. It occurs as pseudo-hexagonal tabular crystals, yellowish to brownish in color, up to 0.5 mm in size. Cleavage is perfect on {0001}. It is associated with giacovazzoite, krausite, gypsum, jarosite, alum-(K), and magnanelliite. Electron microprobe analyses give (wt %): SO3 47.31, Al2O3 0.66, Fe2O3 24.68, FeO 0.69, Na2O 0.52, K2O 17.36, H2Ocalc 15.06, total 106.28. The partitioning of Fe between Fe2+ and Fe3+ was based on Mössbauer spectroscopy. On the basis of 67 O atoms per formula unit, the empirical chemical formula is (K7.50Na0.34)Σ7.84(Fe3+6.29Al0.26Fe2+0.20)Σ6.75S12.02O50·17H2O. The ideal end-member formula can be written as K8(Fe3+0.670.33)[Fe3+3O(SO4)6(H2O)3]2(H2O)11. Scordariite is trigonal, space group R-3, with (hexagonal setting) a = 9.7583(12), c = 53.687(7) Å, V = 4427.4(12) Å3, Z = 3. The main diffraction lines of the observed X-ray powder pattern are [d(in Å), estimated visual intensity]: 8.3, strong; 6.6, medium; 3.777, medium; 3.299, medium; 3.189, medium; 2.884, strong. The crystal structure of scordariite has been refined using X-ray single-crystal data to a final R1 = 0.057 on the basis of 1980 reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo) and 165 refined parameters. It can be described as a layered structure formed by three kinds of layers. As with other metavoltine-related minerals, scordariite is characterized by the occurrence of the [Fe3+3O(SO4)6(H2O)3]5− heteropolyhedral cluster. Full article
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15 pages, 3176 KiB  
Article
Manganiakasakaite-(La) and Ferriakasakaite-(Ce), Two New Epidote Supergroup Minerals from Piedmont, Italy
by Cristian Biagioni, Paola Bonazzi, Marco Pasero, Federica Zaccarini, Corrado Balestra, Roberto Bracco and Marco E. Ciriotti
Minerals 2019, 9(6), 353; https://doi.org/10.3390/min9060353 - 9 Jun 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5027
Abstract
Two new monoclinic (P21/m) epidote supergroup minerals manganiakasakaite-(La) and ferriakasakaite-(Ce) were found in the small Mn ore deposit of Monte Maniglia, Bellino, Varaita Valley, Cuneo Province, Piedmont, Italy. Manganiakasakaite-(La) occurs as subhedral grains embedded in pyroxmangite. Its [...] Read more.
Two new monoclinic (P21/m) epidote supergroup minerals manganiakasakaite-(La) and ferriakasakaite-(Ce) were found in the small Mn ore deposit of Monte Maniglia, Bellino, Varaita Valley, Cuneo Province, Piedmont, Italy. Manganiakasakaite-(La) occurs as subhedral grains embedded in pyroxmangite. Its empirical formula is A(1)(Ca0.62Mn2+0.38) A(2)(La0.52Nd0.08Pr0.07Ce0.07Y0.01Ca0.25) M(1)(Mn3+0.52Fe3+0.28Al0.18V3+0.01) M(2)Al1.00 M(3)(Mn2+0.60Mn3+0.27Mg0.13) T(1−3)(Si2.99Al0.01) O12 (OH), corresponding to the end-member formula CaLaMn3+AlMn2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH). Unit-cell parameters are a = 8.9057(10), b = 5.7294(6), c = 10.1134(11) Å, β = 113.713(5)°, V = 472.46(9) Å3, Z = 2. The crystal structure of manganiakasakaite-(La) was refined to a final R1 = 0.0262 for 2119 reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo) and 125 refined parameters. Ferriakasakaite-(Ce) occurs as small homogeneous domains within strongly inhomogeneous prismatic crystals, where other epidote supergroup minerals coexist [manganiandrosite-(Ce), “androsite-(Ce)”, and epidote]. Associated minerals are calcite and hematite. Its empirical formula is A(1)(Ca0.64Mn2+0.36) A(2)(Ce0.37La0.17Nd0.06Pr0.03Ca0.350.02) M(1)(Fe3+0.61Al0.39) M(2)Al1.00 M(3)(Mn2+0.64Mn3+0.33Fe3+0.02Mg0.01) T(1−3)Si3.01 O12 (OH), the end-member formula being CaCeFe3+AlMn2+(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH). Unit-cell parameters are a = 8.9033(3), b = 5.7066(2), c = 10.1363(3) Å, β = 114.222(2)°, V = 469.66(3) Å3, Z = 2. The crystal structure of ferriakasakaite-(Ce) was refined to a final R1 = 0.0196 for 1960 unique reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo) and 124 refined parameters. Full article
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13 pages, 3596 KiB  
Article
Tsikourasite, Mo3Ni2P1+x (x < 0.25), a New Phosphide from the Chromitite of the Othrys Ophiolite, Greece
by Federica Zaccarini, Luca Bindi, Elena Ifandi, Tassos Grammatikopoulos, Chris Stanley, Giorgio Garuti and Daniela Mauro
Minerals 2019, 9(4), 248; https://doi.org/10.3390/min9040248 - 24 Apr 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 6573
Abstract
Tsikourasite, Mo3Ni2P1+x (x < 0.25), is a new phosphide discovered in a mantle-hosted podiform chromitite collected in the abandoned mine of Agios Stefanos (Othrys ophiolite), Central Greece. It forms tiny grains (from a few μm up [...] Read more.
Tsikourasite, Mo3Ni2P1+x (x < 0.25), is a new phosphide discovered in a mantle-hosted podiform chromitite collected in the abandoned mine of Agios Stefanos (Othrys ophiolite), Central Greece. It forms tiny grains (from a few μm up to about 80 μm) and occurs as isolated grains or associated with other known minerals such as nickelphosphide and awaruite, and with undetermined minerals such as Ni-allabogdanite or Ni-barringerite and a V-sulphide. Tsikourasite is brittle and has a metallic luster. In plane-polarized light, tsikourasite is white yellow and it shows no bireflectance, anisotropism or pleochroism. Internal reflections were not observed, Reflectance values of tsikourasite in air (R in %) are: 55.7 at 470 nm, 56.8 at 546 nm, 57.5 at 589 nm and 58.5 at 650 nm. Five spot analyses of tsikourasite give the average composition: P 7.97, S 0.67, V 14.13, Fe 14.37, Co 7.59, Ni 23.9, and Mo 44.16, total 99.60 wt.%, corresponding to the empirical formula (Mo1.778V1.071Fe0.082Co0.069)Σ3.000(Ni1.572Co0.428)Σ2.000(P0.981S0.079)Σ1.060, on the basis of Σ(Mo +V + Fe + Co + Ni) = 5 apfu and taking into account the structural results. The simplified formula is Mo3Ni2P1+x (x < 0.25). The density, which was calculated based on the empirical formula and single-crystal data, is 9.182 g/cm3. The mineral is cubic, space group F-43m, with a = 10.8215(5) Å and Z = 16. Although tsikourasite is similar in composition to those of monipite (MoNiP), polekhovskyite (MoNiP2), and the synthetic compound MoNiP2, all these phases are hexagonal and not cubic like tsikourasite. It exhibits the same structure as the cubic Mo3Ni2P1.18 compound [space group F-43m, a = 10.846(2) Å] synthesized at 1350 °C. The mineral and its name have been approved by the Commission of New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association (No. 2018-156). The mineral honors Professor Basilios Tsikouras of the Universiti Brunei Darussalam. Full article
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8 pages, 1022 KiB  
Article
Spiridonovite, (Cu1-xAgx)2Te (x ≈ 0.4), a New Telluride from the Good Hope Mine, Vulcan, Colorado (U.S.A.)
by Marta Morana and Luca Bindi
Minerals 2019, 9(3), 194; https://doi.org/10.3390/min9030194 - 24 Mar 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4434
Abstract
Here we describe a new mineral in the Cu-Ag-Te system, spiridonovite. The specimen was discovered in a fragment from the cameronite [ideally, Cu5-x(Cu,Ag)3+xTe10] holotype material from the Good Hope mine, Vulcan, Colorado (U.S.A.). It occurs as black [...] Read more.
Here we describe a new mineral in the Cu-Ag-Te system, spiridonovite. The specimen was discovered in a fragment from the cameronite [ideally, Cu5-x(Cu,Ag)3+xTe10] holotype material from the Good Hope mine, Vulcan, Colorado (U.S.A.). It occurs as black grains of subhedral to anhedral morphology, with a maximum size up to 65 μm, and shows black streaks. No cleavage is observed and the Vickers hardness (VHN100) is 158 kg·mm−2. Reflectance percentages in air for Rmin and Rmax are 38.1, 38.9 (471.1 nm), 36.5, 37.3 (548.3 nm), 35.8, 36.5 (586.6 nm), 34.7, 35.4 (652.3 nm). Spiridonovite has formula (Cu1.24Ag0.75)Σ1.99Te1.01, ideally (Cu1-xAgx)2Te (x ≈ 0.4). The mineral is trigonal and belongs to the space group P-3c1, with the following unit-cell parameters: a = 4.630(2) Å, c = 22.551(9) Å, V = 418.7(4) Å 3, and Z = 6. The crystal structure has been solved and refined to R1 = 0.0256. It can be described as a rhombohedrally-compressed antifluorite structure, with a rough ccp arrangement of Te atoms. It consists of two Te sites and three M (metal) sites, occupied by Cu and Ag, and is characterized by the presence of edge-sharing tetrahedra, where the four-fold coordinated M atoms lie. The mineral and its name have been approved by the Commission of New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association (No. 2018-136). Full article
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