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Micromachines
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Advances in Global Navigation Satellite Systems Antennas
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Advances in Global Navigation Satellite Systems Antennas

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "E：Engineering and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2021) | Viewed by 5320

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Masood Ur Rehman

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
Interests: compact antenna design; radiowave propagation and channel characterization; satellite navigation system antennas in cluttered environments; electromagnetic wave interaction with the human body; body-centric wireless networks and sensors; remote healthcare technology; mmWave and nanocommunications for body-centric networks and D2D/H2H communications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Oluyemi Falade

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Tempfad Ltd., London, E10 6PG, UK
Interests: compact multifunctional antennas for GNSS; small satellites; RFID; sensors; wearable antennas; characterization of GNSS antenna; metasurfaces; remote healthcare technologies; nanocommunication; IoT
Dr. Ghazanfar Ali Safdar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK
Interests: cognitive radio networks; energy saving MAC protocols; security protocols for wireless networks; LTE/5G networks; interference mitigation; D2D communications; network modelling and performance analysis
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ali Imran

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Interests: 5G and Beyond networks
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) have seen a remarkable growth in recent years. The global GNSS downstream market revenue is expected to grow from €150 billion in 2019 to €325 billion in 2029. GPS (US), GLONASS (Russia), GALILLEO (Europe Union), BEIDOU (China) and a number of regional navigational satellite systems are fulfilling navigation and positioning requirements worldwide. Antennas play a pivotal role in the effectiveness of global navigation satellite systems and are an integral part of all modern wireless devices for applications ranging from geodetic surveys to wearable monitoring/surveillance equipment, agriculture and food safety, to automation. Global navigation satellite system antennas covering frequencies from 1.1 to 1.6 GHz are, therefore, in high demand to make use of potential advantages of interoperability and satellite availability of different global navigation satellite systems along with the emerging IoT and 5G and beyond systems, especially in restricted and difficult environments. An efficient antenna system that not only meets the standard requirements of such systems in terms of the bandwidth, axial ratio, beamwidth, gain, form factor, flexibility, and body conformity but also minimises the geometric dilution of precision, phase centre error, and group delay variations and offers high efficiency is a highly sought-after solution. Employing an adaptive and beamforming technique to overcome interference, multipath, and jamming can also effectively enhance the performance and improve system reliability. This Special Issue invites researchers to contribute original research articles as well as review articles that address the issues of antenna design for global navigation satellite systems.

Potential topics include but are not limited to:

  • GNSS antenna design and measurements
  • Beamforming GNSS antenna arrays
  • Reconfigurable GNSS antennas
  • Multiband and broadband GNSS antennas
  • Flexible compact GNSS antennas
  • Low profile dual polarized GNSS antennas
  • Minimizing mutual coupling effect in GNSS array antennas
  • Antijamming positioning antennas for GNSS
  • Issues surrounding interoperability of the GNSS
  • GNSS antennas in difficult environments
  • Antennas for indoor coverage of GNSS antennas
  • Wearable/portable GNSS antennas
  • Terminal GNSS antennas
  • GNSS antennas for IoT and future communication networks
  • GNSS antennas for autonomous/unmanned vehicles
  • Energy efficient GNSS antennas

Dr. Masood Ur Rehman
Dr. Oluyemi Falade
Dr. Ghazanfar Ali Safdar
Dr. Muhammad Ali Imran
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • navigation
  • positioning
  • antennas
  • GNSS
  • GPS
  • IoT
  • 5G
  • 6G
  • multipath
  • antijamming

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 12970 KiB  
Article
An Optimization Method of Ambiguity Function Based on Multi-Antenna Constrained and Application in Vehicle Attitude Determination
by Yinzhi Zhao, Jingui Zou, Peng Zhang, Jiming Guo, Xinzhe Wang and Gege Huang
Micromachines 2022, 13(1), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13010064 - 30 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1239
Abstract
The global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based multi-antenna attitude determination method has the advantages of a simple algorithm and no error accumulation with time in long endurance operation. However, it is sometimes difficult to simultaneous obtain the fixed solutions of all antennas in vehicle [...] Read more.
The global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based multi-antenna attitude determination method has the advantages of a simple algorithm and no error accumulation with time in long endurance operation. However, it is sometimes difficult to simultaneous obtain the fixed solutions of all antennas in vehicle attitude determination. If float or incorrect fixed solutions are used, precision and reliability of attitude cannot be guaranteed. Given this fact, a baseline-constrained ambiguity function method (BCAFM) based on a self-built four GNSS antennas hardware platform is proposed. The coordinates obtained by BCAFM can replace the unreliable real-time kinematic (RTK) float or incorrect fixed solutions, so as to assist the direct method for attitude determination. In the proposed BCAFM, the baseline constraint is applied to improve search efficiency (searching time), and the ambiguity function value (AFV) formula is optimized to enhance the discrimination of true peak. The correctness of the proposed method is verified by vehicle attitude determination results and baseline length difference. Experimental results demonstrate that the function values of error peaks are reduced, and the only true peak can be identified accurately. The valid epoch proportion increases by 14.95% after true peak coordinates are used to replace the GNSS-RTK float or incorrect fixed solutions. The precision of the three attitude angles is 0.54°, 1.46°, and 1.15°, respectively. Meanwhile, the RMS of baseline length difference is 3.8 mm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Global Navigation Satellite Systems Antennas)
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31 pages, 22870 KiB  
Article
Wearable Metamaterial Dual-Polarized High Isolation UWB MIMO Vivaldi Antenna for 5G and Satellite Communications
by Adam R. H. Alhawari, Tale Saeidi, Abdulkarem Hussein Mohammed Almawgani, Ayman Taher Hindi, Hisham Alghamdi, Turki Alsuwian, Samer A. B. Awwad and Muhammad Ali Imran
Micromachines 2021, 12(12), 1559; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12121559 - 14 Dec 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3215
Abstract
A low-profile Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna showing dual polarization, low mutual coupling, and acceptable diversity gain is presented by this paper. The antenna introduces the requirements of fifth generation (5G) and the satellite communications. A horizontally (4.8–31 GHz) and vertically polarized [...] Read more.
A low-profile Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna showing dual polarization, low mutual coupling, and acceptable diversity gain is presented by this paper. The antenna introduces the requirements of fifth generation (5G) and the satellite communications. A horizontally (4.8–31 GHz) and vertically polarized (7.6–37 GHz) modified antipodal Vivaldi antennas are simulated, fabricated, and integrated, and then their characteristics are examined. An ultra-wideband (UWB) at working bandwidths of 3.7–3.85 GHz and 5–40 GHz are achieved. Low mutual coupling of less than −22 dB is achieved after loading the antenna with cross-curves, staircase meander line, and integration of the metamaterial elements. The antennas are designed on a denim textile substrate with εr = 1.4 and h = 0.5 mm. A conductive textile called ShieldIt is utilized as conductor with conductivity of 1.8 × 104. After optimizing the proposed UWB-MIMO antenna’s characteristics, it is increased to four elements positioned at the four corners of a denim textile substrate to be employed as a UWB-MIMO antenna for handset communications, 5G, Ka and Ku band, and satellite communications (X-band). The proposed eight port UWB-MIMO antenna has a maximum gain of 10.7 dBi, 98% radiation efficiency, less than 0.01 ECC, and acceptable diversity gain. Afterwards, the eight-ports antenna performance is examined on a simulated real voxel hand and chest. Then, it is evaluated and compared on physical hand and chest of body. Evidently, the simulated and measured results show good agreement between them. The proposed UWB-MIMO antenna offers a compact and flexible design, which is suitably wearable for 5G and satellite communications applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Global Navigation Satellite Systems Antennas)
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