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Micromachines
Special Issues
Electrochemical Sensors: Design, Fabrication and Applications
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Electrochemical Sensors: Design, Fabrication and Applications

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "C：Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2024) | Viewed by 3610

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Joanna Smajdor

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
Interests: voltammetry; carbon nanomaterials; carbon black; carbon nanotubes; pharmaceutical analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of new types of electrochemical sensors is a growing field, attracting increasing attention from researchers around the world. New constructions are often associated with new materials used as sensor elements, which can also offer advantages (such as flexibility and diversity in shape). Moreover, the usage of new types of sensing materials makes it possible to obtain lower detection limits and perform measurements in complex matrices.

This Special Issue, entitled “Electrochemical Sensors: Design, Fabrication and Applications”, aims to highlight the current trends in the field of electrochemical sensor design and in relation to their application for solving analytical problems, such as food and pharmaceutical quality control analysis, environmental analysis, or medical applications. I cordially invite you to contribute to this Special Issue. Review articles, communications, and full-size research papers are all welcome.

I look forward to and welcome your participation in this Special Issue.

Dr. Joanna Smajdor
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electrochemical sensors
  • bioelectrochemical sensors
  • carbon nanomaterials
  • voltammetry
  • electrode modifiers

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3034 KiB  
Article
An Amperometric Sensor with Anti-Fouling Properties for Indicating Xylazine Adulterant in Beverages
by Arielle Vinnikov, Charles W. Sheppard, Ann H. Wemple, Joyce E. Stern and Michael C. Leopold
Micromachines 2024, 15(11), 1340; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15111340 - 31 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1257
Abstract
Amperometric electrochemical sensing schemes, which are easily fabricated and can directly relate measured current with analyte concentrations, remain a promising strategy for the development of the portable, in situ detection of commonly employed adulterants. Xylazine (XYL) is a non-narcotic compound designed for veterinary [...] Read more.
Amperometric electrochemical sensing schemes, which are easily fabricated and can directly relate measured current with analyte concentrations, remain a promising strategy for the development of the portable, in situ detection of commonly employed adulterants. Xylazine (XYL) is a non-narcotic compound designed for veterinary use as a sedative known as Rompun®. XYL is increasingly being abused as a recreational drug, as an opioid adulterant and, because of its chemical properties, has found unfortunate prominence as a date rape drug spiked into beverages. In this study, a systematic exploration and development of fouling-resistant, amperometric XYL sensors is presented. The sensing strategy features layer-by-layer (LBL) modification of glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for sensitivity and the engagement of cyclodextrin host–guest chemistry in conjunction with polyurethane (PU) semi-permeable membranes for selectivity. The optimization of different materials and parameters during development created a greater fundamental understanding of the interfacial electrochemistry, allowing for a more informed subsequent design of effective sensors exhibiting XYL selectivity, effective sensitivity, rapid response times (<20 s), and low estimated limits of detection (~1 ppm). Most importantly, the demonstrated XYL sensors are versatile and robust, easily fabricated from common materials, and can effectively detect XYL at <10 ppm in both common alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, requiring only minimal volume (20 µL) of the spiked beverage for a standard addition analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Sensors: Design, Fabrication and Applications)
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Review

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36 pages, 10799 KiB  
Review
An In-Depth Review of Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensors as an Innovative Analytical Tool in Water Quality Monitoring: Architecture, Principles, Fabrication, and Applications
by Mbuyamba Divin Mukendi, Oluseyi Sikiru Salami and Nomvano Mketo
Micromachines 2025, 16(3), 251; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16030251 - 23 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1823
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensors (MI-ECSs) are a significant advancement in analytical techniques, especially for water quality monitoring (WQM). These sensors utilize molecular imprinting to create polymer matrices that exhibit high specificity and affinity for target analytes. MI-ECSs integrate molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with [...] Read more.
Molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensors (MI-ECSs) are a significant advancement in analytical techniques, especially for water quality monitoring (WQM). These sensors utilize molecular imprinting to create polymer matrices that exhibit high specificity and affinity for target analytes. MI-ECSs integrate molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with electrochemical transducers (ECTs), enabling the selective recognition and quantification of contaminants. Their design features template-shaped cavities in the polymer that mimic the functional groups, shapes, and sizes of target analytes, resulting in enhanced binding interactions and improved sensor performance in complex water environments. The fabrication of MI-ECSs involves selecting suitable monomeric units (monomers) and crosslinkers, using a target analyte as a template, polymerizing, and then removing the template to expose the imprinted sites. Advanced methodologies, such as electropolymerization and surface imprinting, are used to enhance their sensitivity and reproducibility. MI-ECSs offer considerable benefits, including high selectivity, low detection limits, rapid response times, and the potential for miniaturization and portability. They effectively assess and detect contaminants, like (toxic) heavy metals (HMs), pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and pathogens, in water systems. Their ability for real-time monitoring makes them essential for ensuring water safety and adhering to regulations. This paper reviews the architecture, principles, and fabrication processes of MI-ECSs as innovative strategies in WQM and their application in detecting emerging contaminants and toxicants (ECs and Ts) across various matrices. These ECs and Ts include organic, inorganic, and biological contaminants, which are mainly anthropogenic in origin and have the potential to pollute water systems. Regarding this, ongoing advancements in MI-ECS technology are expected to further enhance the analytical capabilities and performances of MI-ECSs to broaden their applications in real-time WQM and environmental monitoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Sensors: Design, Fabrication and Applications)
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