Editorial

4 pages, 190 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Production and Properties of Light Metal Matrix Nanocomposites

by Hajo Dieringa

Metals 2020, 10(1), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/met10010095 - 06 Jan 2020

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1940

Metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) with a light metal matrix are hybrid materials that have recently become the focus of interest for materials scientists and industry [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Production and Properties of Light Metal Matrix Nanocomposites)

Research

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14 pages, 6331 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticle-Reinforced Magnesium Nanocomposites Processed via Disintegrated Melt Deposition and Turning-Induced Deformation Techniques

by Michael Johanes, Sravya Tekumalla and Manoj Gupta

Metals 2019, 9(11), 1225; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9111225 - 16 Nov 2019

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2563

Abstract

Magnesium nanocomposites, with nano-scale ceramic reinforcements, have attracted a great deal of attention for several engineering and biomedical applications in the recent past. In this work, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, Fe₃O₄, with their unique magnetic properties and the ability [...] Read more.

Magnesium nanocomposites, with nano-scale ceramic reinforcements, have attracted a great deal of attention for several engineering and biomedical applications in the recent past. In this work, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, Fe₃O₄, with their unique magnetic properties and the ability of being bio-compatible and non-toxic, are reinforced to magnesium to form Mg/(1, 2, and 3 wt %) Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites. These nanocomposites were fabricated using the conventional disintegrated melt deposition (DMD) technique followed by extrusion. Further, the materials were also processed using the novel turning-induced-deformation technique where the chips from turning process are collected, cold compacted, and hot extruded. The materials processed via the two techniques were compared in terms of microstructure and properties. Overall, the Mg/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites, processed via both routes, exhibited a superior property profile. Further, the turning-induced deformation method showed promising results in terms of improved properties of the nanocomposites and serves as a great route for the recycling of metallic materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Production and Properties of Light Metal Matrix Nanocomposites)

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12 pages, 4042 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Quasi-Static and Plate Impact Loading of Cast Magnesium Alloy ML5 Reinforced with Aluminum Nitride Nanoparticles

by Anton P. Khrustalyov, Gennady V. Garkushin, Ilya A. Zhukov, Sergey V. Razorenov and Alexander B. Vorozhtsov

Metals 2019, 9(6), 715; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9060715 - 25 Jun 2019

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2620

Abstract

The influence of a small addition of 0.5 wt.% aluminum nitride nanoparticles with an average size of 80 nm on the mechanical properties of a cast magnesium alloy under quasi-static tensile (strain rate 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹) and plate impact loading (strain [...] Read more.

The influence of a small addition of 0.5 wt.% aluminum nitride nanoparticles with an average size of 80 nm on the mechanical properties of a cast magnesium alloy under quasi-static tensile (strain rate 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹) and plate impact loading (strain rate 10⁵ s⁻¹) was investigated. The composites were obtained by casting with a special mixing vortex device. After casting, some samples were subjected to heat treatment. The introduction of a small number of particles into the liquid metal led to a decrease in matrix grain size and a change in elasto-plastic and strength properties. Compared to quasi-static loading, the pre-heat treatment of tested alloys does not significantly affect the dynamic properties of a reinforced magnesium alloy under shock compression. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Production and Properties of Light Metal Matrix Nanocomposites)

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13 pages, 3638 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of AlN Nanoparticle Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Extruded Pure Magnesium and an Aluminum-Free Mg-Zn-Y Alloy

by Danai Giannopoulou, Hajo Dieringa and Jan Bohlen

Metals 2019, 9(6), 667; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9060667 - 08 Jun 2019

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2834

Abstract

A pure Mg and a ZW0303 alloy metal matrix nanocomposite reinforced with AlN nanoparticles were prepared assisted by mechanical stirring and sonication for deagglomeration of particles. The produced nanocomposites were investigated to determine the influence of the AlN nanoparticles during indirect extrusion on [...] Read more.

A pure Mg and a ZW0303 alloy metal matrix nanocomposite reinforced with AlN nanoparticles were prepared assisted by mechanical stirring and sonication for deagglomeration of particles. The produced nanocomposites were investigated to determine the influence of the AlN nanoparticles during indirect extrusion on the microstructure and texture development, as well as the resulting hardness and mechanical properties. For pure Mg, grain refinement and hardness increase due to the addition of AlN were revealed in the as-cast and the extruded condition. For ZW0303, the same was found for the as-cast condition. However, contamination of the alloy with Al significantly changes the recrystallization behavior during extrusion. This is directly related to the removal of solute Y due to the formation of intermetallic particles. Particle and grain size effects were distinguished for this alloy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Production and Properties of Light Metal Matrix Nanocomposites)

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10 pages, 2311 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Particle Reinforcement with Al₂O₃, TiB₂, and TiC and Severe Plastic Deformation Treatment on the Combination of Strength and Electrical Conductivity of Pure Aluminum

by Ilya A. Zhukov, Alexander A. Kozulin, Anton P. Khrustalyov, Alexey E. Matveev, Vladimir V. Platov, Alexander B. Vorozhtsov, Tatyana V. Zhukova and Vladimir V. Promakhov

Metals 2019, 9(1), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9010065 - 11 Jan 2019

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3449

Abstract

It has been found that a high electrical conductivity of 63.1%, the International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS), and high mechanical properties are achieved by the initial aluminum alloy after undergoing four cycles of the severe plastic deformation (SPD) process. It has been found [...] Read more.

It has been found that a high electrical conductivity of 63.1%, the International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS), and high mechanical properties are achieved by the initial aluminum alloy after undergoing four cycles of the severe plastic deformation (SPD) process. It has been found that when TiB₂ particles are introduced into aluminum and the samples are subject to SPD, the mechanical characteristics of the aluminum alloy are improved. Microhardness (HV) increases from 329 to 665 MPa, yield strength (YS) increases from 38 to 103 MPa, and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increases from 73 to 165 MPa while maintaining the initial electrical conductivity of cast aluminum without reinforcing particles (53.9–54.1% IACS). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Production and Properties of Light Metal Matrix Nanocomposites)

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13 pages, 3645 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Mechanical Response of Monolithic Magnesium Using Nano-NiTi (Nitinol) Particles

by Gururaj Parande, Vyasaraj Manakari, Saif Wakeel, Milli Suchita Kujur and Manoj Gupta

Metals 2018, 8(12), 1014; https://doi.org/10.3390/met8121014 - 02 Dec 2018

Cited by 38 | Viewed by 4652

Abstract

The present study focuses on investigating the effects of Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) nanoparticles on the microstructure and properties of pure Mg. Mg composites containing varying weight percentages (0.5, 1, 1.5, 3) of NiTi nanoparticles were fabricated using Disintegrated Melt Deposition (DMD), followed by hot [...] Read more.

The present study focuses on investigating the effects of Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) nanoparticles on the microstructure and properties of pure Mg. Mg composites containing varying weight percentages (0.5, 1, 1.5, 3) of NiTi nanoparticles were fabricated using Disintegrated Melt Deposition (DMD), followed by hot extrusion. The synthesized materials were characterized in order to investigate their physical, microstructural and mechanical properties. Synthesized materials were characterized for their density and porosity levels, microstructural characteristics, and mechanical response. Superior grain refinement was realized by the presence of NiTi nanoparticles in the magnesium matrix. The addition of NiTi nanoparticles resulted in strength property enhancements of pure Mg with minimal adverse effect on the ductility. Structure-property evaluations are detailed in the current study. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Production and Properties of Light Metal Matrix Nanocomposites)

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16 pages, 7806 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Reinforcement Type and Dispersion on the Hardening of Sintered Pure Aluminium

by Omid Emadinia, Maria T. Vieira and Manuel F. Vieira

Metals 2018, 8(10), 786; https://doi.org/10.3390/met8100786 - 01 Oct 2018

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2758

Abstract

The homogeneity of dispersion and reinforcing of pure aluminium by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) through the application of a high speed sonication (340 Hz) assisted by ultrasonication (35 kHz) was evaluated, this method was termed “assisted sonication”. Other reinforcements (graphene, nanoalumina, and ultrafine [...] Read more.

The homogeneity of dispersion and reinforcing of pure aluminium by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) through the application of a high speed sonication (340 Hz) assisted by ultrasonication (35 kHz) was evaluated, this method was termed “assisted sonication”. Other reinforcements (graphene, nanoalumina, and ultrafine tungsten carbide) were used for comparison with the MWCNT. The hardness measurement enabled us to evaluate the strengthening effect of the reinforcements. Raman analysis was the technique selected to evaluate the integrity of MWCNTs during dispersion. The scanning and transmission electron microscopies revealed the dispersion and microstructure of the nanoreinforcements and nanocomposites. After applying the assisted sonication, the MWCNTs were detangled without exfoliation. The integrity of MWCNTs was strongly influenced by the presence of the aluminum powder during dispersion. The application of the assisted sonication method reduced the size of the aggregates in the matrix, in comparison with the sonication technique. Ultrafine tungsten carbide, with a 1 vol. %, was the reinforcement that more effectively hardened aluminum due to a good dispersion of the reinforcement, grain refinement and the formation of Al₁₂W phase. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Production and Properties of Light Metal Matrix Nanocomposites)

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14 pages, 5858 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Calcium on the Hot Working Behavior of AZ31-1.5 vol.% Nano-Alumina Composite Prepared by Disintegrated Melt Deposition (DMD) Processing

by Kamineni Pitcheswara Rao, Chalasani Dharmendra, Kalidass Suresh, Yellapregada Venkata Rama Krishna Prasad and Manoj Gupta

Metals 2018, 8(9), 699; https://doi.org/10.3390/met8090699 - 05 Sep 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3160

Abstract

AZ31-based nanocomposites are produced by disintegrated melt deposition (DMD) processing. In this investigation, the influence of the addition of Ca to AZ31-1.5 vol.% nano-alumina composite (base) on its hot working behavior is studied to develop a processing route for manufacturing components with these [...] Read more.

AZ31-based nanocomposites are produced by disintegrated melt deposition (DMD) processing. In this investigation, the influence of the addition of Ca to AZ31-1.5 vol.% nano-alumina composite (base) on its hot working behavior is studied to develop a processing route for manufacturing components with these composites. A processing map for the base composite in the temperature range 250–500 °C and strain rate 0.0003–10 s⁻¹ is compared with those for composites with 1% Ca and 2% Ca. The grain size of the base composite is refined by Ca addition and the <10

\bar{1}

0> texture is strengthened. Besides nano-alumina particles, the Ca-containing composites have intermetallic particles (Mg,Al)₂Ca present at grain boundaries as well as in the matrix. All the three nanocomposites exhibit three DRX domains, with one of them at high strain rate that facilitates high productivity. Addition of Ca mitigates the occurrence of wedge cracking that occurs in AZ31-1.5NAl composite. Increasing of Ca addition to 2% prevents dynamic recrystallization (DRX) at lower temperatures and strain rates and causes only dynamic recovery. At lower temperatures and higher strain rates, DRX occurs by basal + prismatic slip along with recovery via climb controlled by grain boundary self-diffusion promoted by very fine grain size in the composites. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Production and Properties of Light Metal Matrix Nanocomposites)

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12 pages, 6523 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development and Characterisation of Aluminium Matrix Nanocomposites AlSi10Mg/MgAl₂O₄ by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

by Giulio Marchese, Alberta Aversa, Massimo Lorusso, Diego Manfredi, Flaviana Calignano, Mariangela Lombardi, Sara Biamino and Matteo Pavese

Metals 2018, 8(3), 175; https://doi.org/10.3390/met8030175 - 10 Mar 2018

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 5065

Abstract

Recently, additive manufacturing techniques have been gaining attention for the fabrication of parts from aluminium alloys to composites. In this work, the processing of an AlSi10Mg based composite reinforced with 0.5% in weight of MgAl₂O₄ nanoparticles through laser powder bed [...] Read more.

Recently, additive manufacturing techniques have been gaining attention for the fabrication of parts from aluminium alloys to composites. In this work, the processing of an AlSi10Mg based composite reinforced with 0.5% in weight of MgAl₂O₄ nanoparticles through laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process is presented. After an initial investigation about the effect of process parameters on the densification levels, the LPBF materials were analysed in terms of microstructure, thermo-mechanical and mechanical properties. The presence of MgAl₂O₄ nanoparticles involves an increment of the volumetric energy density delivered to the materials, in order to fabricate samples with high densification levels similar to the AlSi10Mg samples. However, the application of different building parameters results in modifying the size of the cellular structures influencing the mechanical properties and therefore, limiting the strengthening effect of the reinforcement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Production and Properties of Light Metal Matrix Nanocomposites)

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Review

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17 pages, 3824 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Processing of Magnesium-Based Metal Matrix Nanocomposites by Ultrasound-Assisted Particle Dispersion: A Review

by Hajo Dieringa

Metals 2018, 8(6), 431; https://doi.org/10.3390/met8060431 - 07 Jun 2018

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 4785

Abstract

Magnesium-based metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) are an important topic in the development of lightweight structural materials, because their optimized properties are of great interest to the automotive and aerospace industries. Moreover, components with functional properties will also be manufactured from Mg-MMNCs in the [...] Read more.

Magnesium-based metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) are an important topic in the development of lightweight structural materials, because their optimized properties are of great interest to the automotive and aerospace industries. Moreover, components with functional properties will also be manufactured from Mg-MMNCs in the future. With a large surface to volume ratio, nanoparticles in the magnesium matrix have an immense effect on mechanical properties, even at low concentrations. The mechanical properties of these materials can be tailored using ceramic nanoparticles, which have been available at a very low cost for a number of years. However, the particle concentration, chemical composition, particle size, and process parameters must be attuned to the respective alloy, in order to influence the resulting properties. When using very small particles, a major problem is to homogeneously distribute the particles in the melt. Due to their large surface area, strong van der Waals forces act to hold the particles together in clusters. At the same time, wettability of the particles with a magnesium melt is very poor. Ultrasonic stirring processes have proven their effectiveness in the de-agglomeration and dispersion of nanoparticles. This review presents ultrasound-assisted processes for the production of these materials and describes some properties of the resulting Mg-MMNCs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Production and Properties of Light Metal Matrix Nanocomposites)

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