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Metals
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New Advances in Powder Metallurgy Technology
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New Advances in Powder Metallurgy Technology

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Powder Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 7459

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Wei Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Interests: metal formation; intelligent manufacturing; powder metallurgy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Powder metallurgy is an important process to manufacture various products via compaction and sintering of powders. It is widely used to manufacture porous or dense materials. To date, several advanced powder metallurgy technologies have been developed to manufacture high-performance products. The advanced processes of powder compaction and sintering include high-velocity compaction, magnetic pulse compaction, hot pressing, hot isostatic pressing, spark plasma sintering, flash sintering, microwave sintering, and so on. Moreover, numerical simulation has been performed to investigate the powder metallurgy process. Numerical models are usually based on continuous media or multi-particle hypotheses. They are beneficial for the process design or mechanism investigation of powder metallurgy.

In this Special Issue, we welcome articles that focus on the advanced technology of powder metallurgy and accurate modeling of the powder metallurgy process. The multi-physics field-assisted compaction and sintering processes of powder metallurgy especially remain of interest, with enormous potential for manufacturing high-performance structural or functional materials.

Dr. Wei Liu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • high-velocity compaction
  • hot pressing
  • spark plasma sintering
  • field-assisted sintering
  • numerical simulation

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 5423 KiB  
Article
Enhancement of γ/γ’ Microstructured Cobalt Superalloys Produced from Atomized Powder by Creating a Harmonic Structure
by Mónica Campos, Marta Cartón-Cordero, Lucía García de la Cruz, Francisca G. Caballero, Jonathan D. Poplawsky and José M. Torralba
Metals 2024, 14(1), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14010070 - 7 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1181
Abstract
A material’s properties must be continuously improved to meet the demands of extreme conditions in high-temperature applications. It is demonstrated that γ-γ’ Co-based superalloys could surpass the yield stress of Ni-based superalloys at high temperature due to the γ-γ’ structure. The powders were [...] Read more.
A material’s properties must be continuously improved to meet the demands of extreme conditions in high-temperature applications. It is demonstrated that γ-γ’ Co-based superalloys could surpass the yield stress of Ni-based superalloys at high temperature due to the γ-γ’ structure. The powders were subjected to a harmonic modification in order to refine the grain structure on the surface and to activate the sintering process. This study examines how harmonic structure affects microstructure and mechanical properties at high temperatures. Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) was used for consolidation to maintain the ultrafine grain size microstructure of the powder. Compression tests were conducted from room temperature (RT) to 750 °C to assess the mechanical properties of the material. Yield stress values obtained from harmonic structures are four times higher than those obtained from cast alloys. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Powder Metallurgy Technology)
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16 pages, 21326 KiB  
Article
Microstructural Investigation and Impact Strength of Sinter-Hardened PM Steels: Influence of Ni Content and Tempering Temperature
by Alessio Suman, Annalisa Fortini, Ottavia Vezzani and Mattia Merlin
Metals 2023, 13(12), 1940; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13121940 - 27 Nov 2023
Viewed by 734
Abstract
This study analyzed the influence of tempering treatment temperature on the microstructural and mechanical behavior of two different powder metallurgy steels containing 0 wt. % Ni and 4 wt. % Ni. The evolution of the microstructure and the macro- and microhardness of the [...] Read more.
This study analyzed the influence of tempering treatment temperature on the microstructural and mechanical behavior of two different powder metallurgy steels containing 0 wt. % Ni and 4 wt. % Ni. The evolution of the microstructure and the macro- and microhardness of the microstructural constituents resulting from tempering treatments conducted on the sinter-hardened materials at temperatures ranging from 160 °C to 300 °C were investigated. The role of the tempering conditions in the impact behavior was assessed using Charpy tests on V-notched and unnotched samples, tempered at 180 °C, 220 °C and 280 °C. The observed macrohardness reduction with increasing tempering temperature was related to martensite transformations. At high tempering temperatures, the remarkable loss in impact energy values was attributed to microfracture modes. The contribution of Ni-rich austenite areas in enhancing impact strength was detected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Powder Metallurgy Technology)
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14 pages, 12139 KiB  
Article
Inverse Identification of Drucker–Prager Cap Model for Ti-6Al-4V Powder Compaction Considering the Shear Stress State
by Runfeng Li, Wei Liu, Jiaqi Li and Jili Liu
Metals 2023, 13(11), 1837; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13111837 - 1 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1017
Abstract
Numerical simulation is an important method to investigate powder-compacting processes. The Drucker–Prager cap constitutive model is often utilized in the numerical simulation of powder compaction. The model contains a number of parameters and it requires a series of mechanical experiments to determine the [...] Read more.
Numerical simulation is an important method to investigate powder-compacting processes. The Drucker–Prager cap constitutive model is often utilized in the numerical simulation of powder compaction. The model contains a number of parameters and it requires a series of mechanical experiments to determine the parameters. The inverse identification methods are time-saving alternatives, but most procedures use a flat punch during the powder-compacting process. It does not reflect the densification behavior under a shearing stress state. Here, an inverse identification approach for the Drucker–Prager cap model parameters is developed by using a hemispherical punch for the powder-compacting experiment. The error between the numerical and experimental displacement–load curves was minimized to identify the Drucker–Prager cap model of titanium alloy powder. The identified model was then verified by powder-compacting experiments with the flat punch. The displacement–load curves acquired by numerical simulation were compared to the displacement–load curves obtained through experiments. The two curves are found to be in good agreement. Meanwhile, the relative density distribution of the powders is similar to the experimental results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Powder Metallurgy Technology)
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16 pages, 6179 KiB  
Article
Facile Synthesis and the Thermal Properties of Al/Si Composites Prepared via Fast Hot-Pressing Sintering
by Jianping Jia, Xiaoxuan Hei, Zhou Li, Wei Zhao, Yuqi Wang, Qing Zhuo, Hangyu Dong, Yuanyuan Li, Futian Liu and Yingru Li
Metals 2023, 13(10), 1787; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13101787 - 22 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1163
Abstract
In this paper, a novel power sintering technique, named fast hot-pressing sintering (FHP), which is able to achieve an ultrahigh heating rate similar to the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique, but at a much lower cost, was applied to prepare a series of [...] Read more.
In this paper, a novel power sintering technique, named fast hot-pressing sintering (FHP), which is able to achieve an ultrahigh heating rate similar to the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique, but at a much lower cost, was applied to prepare a series of Al/Si composites with different Si volume ratios (12 vol.% to 70 vol.%) to meet the requirements of advanced packaging materials for electronic devices. In contrast to SPS, the FHP oven possesses a safe and budget-friendly current power supply, rather than a complex and expensive pulse power supply, for its heating power. The optimized sintering parameters (temperature, pressure and holding time) of FHP for preparing Al/Si composites were investigated and determined as 470 °C, 300 MPa and 5 min, respectively. In order to characterize the potential of Al/Si composites as packaging materials, thermal conductivities and coefficients of thermal expansion were studied. The thermal conductivity of the Al-40Si composite sintered by the FHP method is higher than that of the conventional SPS method (139 to 107 W m−1 K−1). With the increase in Si, the thermal conductivities and coefficients of thermal expansion on both decreases. Furthermore, the thermal conductivities obey the Agari model, whereas the coefficient of thermal expansion and Si volume ratios obey additivity. The numeric modeling would help develop required packaging materials based on the thermal performances of the substrate materials, like Si or GaAs semiconductor devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Powder Metallurgy Technology)
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15 pages, 5968 KiB  
Article
Efficient Sintering of Mo Matrix Composites—A Study of Temperature Dependences and the Use of the Sinter Additive Ni
by Ievgen Solodkyi, Vadym Petrusha, Mihai Alexandru Grigoroscuta, Janett Schmelzer, Georg Hasemann, Ulf Betke, Petre Badica and Manja Krüger
Metals 2023, 13(10), 1715; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13101715 - 8 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 861
Abstract
Mo matrix composites (MMC) with Mo-9Si-8B inclusions were fabricated by pressure-less sintering (PLS) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) techniques at temperatures between 1200–1500 °C using 1 wt.% Ni sinter additive. The positive impact of the addition Ni addition on the sinterability and formation [...] Read more.
Mo matrix composites (MMC) with Mo-9Si-8B inclusions were fabricated by pressure-less sintering (PLS) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) techniques at temperatures between 1200–1500 °C using 1 wt.% Ni sinter additive. The positive impact of the addition Ni addition on the sinterability and formation of a continuous Mo matrix of MMC with randomly distributed Mo3Si and Mo5SiB2 inclusions was determined. The Ni addition increased the shrinkage of MMC during PLS by almost a third. The continuous Mo matrix of MMC and a relative density of more than 98% was obtained after SPS at 1400–1500 °C. The composite with the maximum relative density of 98% showed a Vickers hardness of 482 ± 9 (HV20). The potential of using Ni-activated PLS and SPS to produce high-density MMC is shown. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Powder Metallurgy Technology)
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13 pages, 4250 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Hybrid B4C and Si3N4 Nanoparticles on the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Copper Nanocomposites
by Fathi Djouider, Abdulsalam Alhawsawi, Ezzat Elmoujarkach, Essam Banoqitah, Omar A. Alammari and Essam B. Moustafa
Metals 2023, 13(9), 1504; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13091504 - 22 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 934
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of reinforcing pure copper with hybrid B4C and Si3N4 nanoparticles on the mechanical and physical properties of the nanocomposite matrix. The composite matrix was prepared using the powder metallurgy (PM) method, allowing uniform [...] Read more.
This study investigated the effects of reinforcing pure copper with hybrid B4C and Si3N4 nanoparticles on the mechanical and physical properties of the nanocomposite matrix. The composite matrix was prepared using the powder metallurgy (PM) method, allowing uniform nanoparticle dispersion within the copper matrix. The PM method was a practical approach for achieving a homogeneous and good dispersion of the reinforcing particles in the matrix while controlling the porosity and improving the microstructure of the fabricated composite matrix. The addition of B4C and Si3N4 are both very hard and dense materials. When added to a material, they can fill voids and reduce porosity. This can lead to significant improvements in the material’s mechanical properties. The study found that adding hybrid B4C and Si3N4 nanoparticles enhanced the microhardness and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. The improvements in the mechanical and physical properties of such composites containing 5% B4C were 21.6% and 18.4% higher than the copper base alloy. The findings suggest that including ceramic particles is a viable strategy for enhancing the mechanical characteristics of copper in its pure form. For example, adding 5% B4C particles to copper resulted in a 23% increase in Young’s modulus of the material while reducing electrical conductivity by 4.6%. On the other hand, the hybrid composite Cu/5%B4C + 2.5%Si3N4 showed a 32% improvement in Young’s modulus and 71% in the microhardness value compared to the base metal. This makes it a promising option for various engineering applications, such as high-performance electrical contacts and bearings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Powder Metallurgy Technology)
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16 pages, 6771 KiB  
Article
Electrochemical Determination of Ascorbic Acid by Mechanically Alloyed Super Duplex Stainless Steel Powders
by Rayappa Shrinivas Mahale, Shamanth Vasanth, Sharath Peramenahalli Chikkegouda, Shashanka Rajendrachari, Damanapeta Narsimhachary and Nagaraj Basavegowda
Metals 2023, 13(8), 1430; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13081430 - 9 Aug 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1059
Abstract
SAF-2507 super duplex stainless steel powders (SDSS) were prepared using a high-energy planetary ball milling process. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows peak broadening after 20 h of ball milling and revealed a phase transformation resulting in a two-phase alloy mixture containing nearly equal [...] Read more.
SAF-2507 super duplex stainless steel powders (SDSS) were prepared using a high-energy planetary ball milling process. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows peak broadening after 20 h of ball milling and revealed a phase transformation resulting in a two-phase alloy mixture containing nearly equal amounts of ferrite (α) and austenite (γ). After 20 h of ball milling the particle size was reduced to ~201 nm. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs showed small-size irregular grains with an average particle size ranging from 5–7 µm. The high-resolution transmission microscope (HRTEM) analysis confirmed the presence of nanocrystalline particles with sizes ranging from 10 to 50 nm. The presence of ferrite phase is visible in the corresponding diffraction pattern as well. In this paper, we have discussed the electrochemical sensor application of mechanically alloyed nano-structured duplex stainless steel powders. The fabricated 4 mg duplex stainless steel modified carbon paste electrode (SDSS-MCPE) has shown excellent current sensitivity in comparison with 2, 6, 8, and 10 mg SDSS-MCPEs during the detection of ascorbic acid (AA) in a phosphate buffer solution with a pH of 6.8. The calculated electrode active surface area of SDSS-MCPE was found to be almost two times larger than the surface area of the bare carbon paste electrode (BCPE). The limit of detection (LD) and limit of quantification (LQ) were found to be 0.206 × 10−8 M and 0.688 × 10−8 M, respectively, for the fabricated 4 mg SDSS-MCPE. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Powder Metallurgy Technology)
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