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Environmental Effects of Radiation

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Simulation and Design".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2022) | Viewed by 5451

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
2. Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
Interests: radiation biology; radiotherapy; radiation protection; Monte Carlo simulations; fluka code; material sciences; heavy metals; marine pollution; analytical quality control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
2. Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
Interests: medical physics; Monte Carlo simulations; radiation physics; radiological protection; radiation protection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
Interests: medical physics; Monte Carlo simulations; radiation; nuclear physics; medical imaging; radiological protection; nanomaterials; MCNP code; medical imaging physics; radiotherapy; radiation protection; nano-structure materials; digital imaging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The versatile use of radiation in medicine, which extends to the industry, has also provided an extraordinary opportunity for scientific studies conducted in this direction. Today, monitoring and assessing the environmental effects of radiation is a challenging task. In addition, radiation monitoring is crucial for understanding and knowledge of the sources and levels of environmental contamination due to agents that interfere with human health and their surrounding environment. Variable rock/soil characteristics, petrography, mineralogy, geochemistry, physical properties, mechanical properties, shielding features, thermal properties, alteration/weathering processes, natural radioactivity, radiological risk assessment, and mining risk evaluations are all examples in which the environment affects radiation as assessed in rocks, water, and soil for industrial applications. Natural stones of volcanic, sedimentary, or metamorphic origins may be found all over the globe. Due to the variety of colors and sound and the compactness of these stones, they are employed in many construction sectors such as building materials, shielding materials, and dimensional or decorative stones (such as marble and granites, which are the most well known). Despite the fact that decorative works employing natural rocks as ornamental stones are rising in tandem with the growth of the construction industry, there are few studies focused on evaluating the physical and mechanical performance of natural rocks as dimensional or ornamental stones. Furthermore, due to differences in geologic settings, origins, and sedimentary environments, variations in the mineralogical and chemical composition of different types of rock could have a significant impact on their physical (water absorption, density, and porosity), mechanical (strength), and thermal cycling performances. Their natural radioactivity should also be measured in order to determine their suitability for application. Nuclear technology, particularly the use of ionizing radiation, is extensively used across the globe. Ionizing radiation, on the other hand, poses a risk to both radiation workers and the general public. As a result, the most effective approach for radiation protection against ionizing radiation threats is shielding materials. In recent years, several beneficial materials of various sorts have been investigated for their protection against ionizing radiation risks, with focus on the creation of lightweight shielding materials with high processability, broad applicability, and cheap cost. The goal of this Special Issue is to analyze the environmental consequences of natural radiation and the usage of these natural resources, with the goal of developing a novel theory for resource use in real industrial applications, including radiation protection. Furthermore, the Special Issue is interested in novel strategies for exploiting these important resources, including shielding analyses and materials made from these resources. We invite field experts to submit their contributions.

Dr. Hesham M.H. Zakaly
Prof. Dr. Shams A.M. Issa
Dr. Huseyin Ozan Tekin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • NORM resources
  • radiation hazards
  • radiation exposure
  • radiation monitoring at mine sites
  • utilization
  • green method
  • nuclear shielding

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 6559 KiB  
Article
Energy Management and Control in Multiple Storage Energy Units (Battery–Supercapacitor) of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles
by Khairy Sayed, Sayed Abdel-Khalek, Hesham M. H. Zakaly and Mahmoud Aref
Materials 2022, 15(24), 8932; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15248932 - 14 Dec 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2105
Abstract
This paper presents a new approach of energy management for a fuel cell electric vehicle traction system. This system includes a supercapacitor, a traction battery of valve-regulated sealed lead–acid type, a high-performance permanent magnet traction system, and a power electronics converter. Special attention [...] Read more.
This paper presents a new approach of energy management for a fuel cell electric vehicle traction system. This system includes a supercapacitor, a traction battery of valve-regulated sealed lead–acid type, a high-performance permanent magnet traction system, and a power electronics converter. Special attention was placed on the coordination for managing the flow of energy from several sources to treat the concerns of prolonged electric vehicle mileage and battery lifetime for drivetrains of electric vehicles. Connection to a supercapacitor in parallel with the electric vehicle’s battery affects electric vehicle battery lifetime and its range. The paper used a study case of an all-electric train, but the used methods can be applied on hybrid or electric train cases. Fuzzy logic control and proportional integral control methods were used to control the electric vehicle system. The results of these two control methods were examined and compared. The simulation results were compared between the proposed electric vehicle system and the traditional system to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Comparison of waveforms was made with and without the supercapacitor. The proposed optimized energy management strategy could improve the overall performance of the hybrid system and reduce the power consumption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Effects of Radiation)
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12 pages, 5525 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Photon Interaction Parameters of Some Antioxidants for Food Irradiation Applications
by Arzu Kavaz Yüksel, Hesham M. H. Zakaly and Antoaneta Ene
Materials 2022, 15(18), 6376; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15186376 - 14 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1060
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the interaction parameters of antioxidant molecules in some spices and vegetables with gamma radiation. At first, mass attenuation coefficients (MACs, cm2/g) of gingerol, rosmarinic acid, quercetin, curcumin, eugenol, piperine, allicin, and capsaicin molecules were determined at [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate the interaction parameters of antioxidant molecules in some spices and vegetables with gamma radiation. At first, mass attenuation coefficients (MACs, cm2/g) of gingerol, rosmarinic acid, quercetin, curcumin, eugenol, piperine, allicin, and capsaicin molecules were determined at the photon energies (13–1332 keV) emitted from the radioactive isotopes Am-241, Ba-133, Co-60, and Cs-137 with the help of the EpiXS and WinXCOM programs. The smallest and largest MAC values were found as 1.20 and 8.48 cm2/g at 13 keV and 0.059 and 0.058 cm2/g at 1332 keV for eugenol and allicin, respectively. It was observed that both results support each other. Using the MAC values, the effective atomic number and electron density (Zeff and Neff) values of the molecules were derived. The Zeff values for gingerol and allicin were obtained in the range of 5.79–3.40 and 13.85–4.53, respectively. The variation of the buildup factors of antioxidants in the range of 0.015–15 MeV depending on the chemical composition and penetration depth were also examined. It was noticed that the photon accumulation was the lowest in allicin and the highest in gingerol and eugenol. The results obtained from this study will make an essential contribution to dose calculations in food irradiation studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Effects of Radiation)
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14 pages, 6069 KiB  
Article
Radiological Hazards and Natural Radionuclide Distribution in Granitic Rocks of Homrit Waggat Area, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt
by El Saeed R. Lasheen, Mokhles K. Azer, Antoaneta Ene, Wael Abdelwahab, Hesham M. H. Zakaly, Hamdy A. Awad and Nilly A. Kawady
Materials 2022, 15(12), 4069; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15124069 - 8 Jun 2022
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 1488
Abstract
Natural radioactivity, radiological hazard, and petrological studies of Homrit Waggat granitic rocks, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt were performed in order to assess their suitability as ornamental stone. On the basis of mineralogical and geochemical compositions, Homrit Waggat granitic rocks can be subdivided into [...] Read more.
Natural radioactivity, radiological hazard, and petrological studies of Homrit Waggat granitic rocks, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt were performed in order to assess their suitability as ornamental stone. On the basis of mineralogical and geochemical compositions, Homrit Waggat granitic rocks can be subdivided into two subclasses. The first class comprises granodiorite and tonalite (I-type) and is ascribed to volcanic arc, whereas the second one includes alkali-feldspar granite, syenogranite, and albitized granite with high-K calc alkaline character, which is related to post-orogenic granites. 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K activities of natural radionuclides occurring in the examined rocks were measured radiometrically using sodium iodide detector. Furthermore, assessment of the hazard indices—such as: annual effective dose (AED) with mean values (0.11, 0.09, 0.07, 0.05, and 0.03, standard value = 0.07); gamma radiation index (Iγ) with mean values (0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, and 0.14, standard value = 0.5); internal (Hin) with mean values (0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, and 0.2, standard value = 1.0); external (Hex) index (0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.24, and 0.12, standard value = 1.0); absorbed gamma dose rate (D) with mean values (86.4, 75.9, 53.5, 43.6, and 20.8, standard value = 57); and radium equivalent activity (Raeq) with mean values (180, 154, 106.6, 90.1, and 42.7, standard value = 370)—were evaluated with the knowledge of the natural radionuclides. The result of these indices falls within the acceptable worldwide limits. Therefore, we suggest that these rocks are safe to be used in industrial applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Effects of Radiation)
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