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Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering (Second Edition)
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Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering (Second Edition)

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2025) | Viewed by 9537

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Lorenzo Fassina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Interests: tissue engineering; biomaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nora Bloise

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Biochemistry Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Interests: bone regeneration; biomaterials; mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, cell–biomaterial interaction; bone regeneration; cell culture; molecular biology; cell biology; tissue engineering; biocompatibility; scaffolds; nanomaterials; cellular mechanisms
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the last few decades, a variety of tissue engineering strategies have been developed to improve the regenerative properties of bone biomaterials (e.g., osteoinduction and osteoconduction). This Special Issue on “Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering” will provide an overview of recent advances and cutting-edge approaches in the field of bone biomaterials and bone tissue engineering, including new molecular insights on the various aspects of the interaction of bone substitutes with cells and tissues. Contributions reporting innovative materials, osteoinduction and osteoconduction approaches, and examples of combination with biochemical and/or physical stimuli and/or different cell types (e.g., stem cells, macrophages, endothelial cells) tested for their application in bone tissue regeneration and engineering are welcome.

Thus, we invite the submission of original full papers, communications, and comprehensive reviews describing the latest progress.

Best Regards,

Dr. Lorenzo Fassina
Dr. Nora Bloise
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bone regeneration
  • bone tissue engineering in vitro and in vivo
  • bone substitutes
  • bone marrow stem cells
  • adipose derived stem cells
  • growth factors
  • cell/tissue–biomaterials interaction
  • physical stimuli (ultrasound, laser, electric or electromagnetic field, shear stress, etc.)
  • bioreactors
  • molecular mechanisms

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 7308 KiB  
Article
Novel Ti6Al4V Surface Treatment for Subperiosteal Dental Implants: Evaluation of Osteoblast-like Cell Proliferation and Osteogenic Response
by Roberto Campagna, Valentina Schiavoni, Loredana Rao, Fabrizio Bambini, Andrea Frontini, Francesco Sampalmieri, Eleonora Salvolini and Lucia Memé
Materials 2025, 18(6), 1234; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18061234 - 11 Mar 2025
Viewed by 593
Abstract
Nowadays, custom-made subperiosteal implants are emerging as a solution in all those cases where there is lack of healthy bone tissue to support endosseous implants. The development of innovative techniques has allowed the production of grids that precisely match the patient’s anatomy. Elucidating [...] Read more.
Nowadays, custom-made subperiosteal implants are emerging as a solution in all those cases where there is lack of healthy bone tissue to support endosseous implants. The development of innovative techniques has allowed the production of grids that precisely match the patient’s anatomy. Elucidating the impact of laser-melted Ti6Al4V grids on both hard and soft tissues with which they come into contact is, therefore, mandatory. In this study, we analyzed the effects of five different surface treatments on a human osteoblast-like cell line (MG-63). In particular, the cell proliferation and osteogenic response were evaluated. Taken together, our data demonstrate that in our in vitro setting, the new surface treatment developed by Al Ti color could enhance osteogenesis and improve the stabilization of the implant to the residual bone by stimulating the best osteogenic response in MG-63 cells. Although further studies are required to validate our data in an in vivo model, our results provide the basis for future advances in implantology for the long-term maintenance of osseointegration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering (Second Edition))
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24 pages, 3885 KiB  
Article
Citrus-Fruit-Based Hydroxyapatite Anodization Coatings on Titanium Implants
by Amisha Parekh, Alp Tahincioglu, Chance Walters, Charles Chisolm, Scott Williamson, Amol V. Janorkar and Michael D. Roach
Materials 2025, 18(5), 1163; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18051163 - 5 Mar 2025
Viewed by 702
Abstract
The increasing demand for titanium implants necessitates improved longevity. Plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings enhance implant osseointegration but are susceptible to delamination. Alternatively, anodized hydroxyapatite coatings have shown greater adhesion strengths. The present study aimed to develop anodized hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium using commercial calcium-fortified [...] Read more.
The increasing demand for titanium implants necessitates improved longevity. Plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings enhance implant osseointegration but are susceptible to delamination. Alternatively, anodized hydroxyapatite coatings have shown greater adhesion strengths. The present study aimed to develop anodized hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium using commercial calcium-fortified fruit juice as a calcium source. Varying the electrolyte compositions enabled the formation of four oxide groups with different predominate calcium compounds. Each oxide’s morphology, crystallinity, chemistry, molecular structure, and adhesion quality were compared and contrasted. Nanoscale SEM images revealed a progression from porous surface oxide to white surface deposits to petal-like hydroxyapatite structures with the changing anodization electrolytes. Oxide thickness evaluations showed progression from a single-layered oxide with low Ca-, P-, and Mg-dopant incorporations to bi-layered oxide structures with increased Ca-, P-, and Mg-dopant incorporation with changing electrolytes. The bi-layered oxide structures exhibited a titanium-dioxide-rich inner layer and calcium-compound-rich outer layers. Furthermore, indentation analyses confirmed good adhesion quality for three oxides. For the predominate hydroxyapatite oxides, FTIR analyses showed carbonate substitutions indicating the presence of bone-like apatite formation, and ICP-OES analyses revealed prolonged Ca and Mg release over 30 days. These Mg-enhanced carbonated apatite coatings show much promise to improve osseointegration and future implant lifetimes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering (Second Edition))
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19 pages, 8112 KiB  
Article
Combined Effects of HA Concentration and Unit Cell Geometry on the Biomechanical Behavior of PCL/HA Scaffold for Tissue Engineering Applications Produced by LPBF
by Maria Laura Gatto, Michele Furlani, Alessandra Giuliani, Marcello Cabibbo, Nora Bloise, Lorenzo Fassina, Marlena Petruczuk, Livia Visai and Paolo Mengucci
Materials 2023, 16(14), 4950; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16144950 - 11 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1828
Abstract
This experimental study aims at filling the gap in the literature concerning the combined effects of hydroxyapatite (HA) concentration and elementary unit cell geometry on the biomechanical performances of additively manufactured polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite (PCL/HA) scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Scaffolds produced by laser powder [...] Read more.
This experimental study aims at filling the gap in the literature concerning the combined effects of hydroxyapatite (HA) concentration and elementary unit cell geometry on the biomechanical performances of additively manufactured polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite (PCL/HA) scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Scaffolds produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) with diamond (DO) and rhombic dodecahedron (RD) elementary unit cells and HA concentrations of 5, 30 and 50 wt.% were subjected to structural, mechanical and biological characterization to investigate the biomechanical and degradative behavior from the perspective of bone tissue regeneration. Haralick’s features describing surface pattern, correlation between micro- and macro-structural properties and human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) viability and proliferation have been considered. Experimental results showed that HA has negative influence on scaffold compaction under compression, while on the contrary it has a positive effect on hMSC adhesion. The unit cell geometry influences the mechanical response in the plastic regime and also has an effect on the cell proliferation. Finally, both HA concentration and elementary unit cell geometry affect the scaffold elastic deformation behavior as well as the amount of micro-porosity which, in turn, influences the scaffold degradation rate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering (Second Edition))
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16 pages, 2948 KiB  
Article
Human Ovarian Follicular Fluid Mesenchymal Stem Cells Express Osteogenic Markers When Cultured on Bioglass 58S-Coated Titanium Scaffolds
by Federica Riva, Nora Bloise, Claudia Omes, Gabriele Ceccarelli, Lorenzo Fassina, Rossella Elena Nappi and Livia Visai
Materials 2023, 16(10), 3676; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16103676 - 11 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2301
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that stem cells (human follicular fluid mesenchymal stem cells or hFF-MSCs) are present in ovarian follicular fluid (hFF) and that they have a proliferative and differentiative potential which is similar to that of MSCs derived from other adult tissue. [...] Read more.
Recent studies have reported that stem cells (human follicular fluid mesenchymal stem cells or hFF-MSCs) are present in ovarian follicular fluid (hFF) and that they have a proliferative and differentiative potential which is similar to that of MSCs derived from other adult tissue. These mesenchymal stem cells, isolated from human follicular fluid waste matter discarded after retrieval of oocytes during the IVF process, constitute another, as yet unutilized, source of stem cell materials. There has been little work on the compatibility of these hFF-MSCs with scaffolds useful for bone tissue engineering applications and the aim of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic capacity of hFF-MSCs seeded on bioglass 58S-coated titanium and to provide an assessment of their suitability for bone tissue engineering purposes. Following a chemical and morphological characterization with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), cell viability, morphology and expression of specific osteogenic markers were examined after 7 and 21 days of culture. The hFF-MSCs seeded on bioglass and cultured with osteogenic factors, when compared with those seeded on tissue culture plate or on uncoated titanium, exhibited enhanced cell viability and osteogenic differentiation, as reflected by increased calcium deposition and increased ALP activity with expression and production of bone-related proteins. Taken together, these results demonstrate that MSCs from human follicular fluid waste materials can be easily cultured in titanium scaffolds coated with bioglass, having osteoinductive properties. This process has significant potential for regenerative medicine applications and indicates that hFF-MSCs may be a valid alternative to hBM-MSC cells in experimental models in bone tissue engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering (Second Edition))
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18 pages, 5787 KiB  
Article
Influence of Trabecular Geometry on Scaffold Mechanical Behavior and MG-63 Cell Viability
by Maria Laura Gatto, Giorgia Cerqueni, Michele Furlani, Nicole Riberti, Emanuele Tognoli, Lucia Denti, Francesco Leonardi, Alessandra Giuliani, Monica Mattioli-Belmonte and Paolo Mengucci
Materials 2023, 16(6), 2342; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16062342 - 15 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2413
Abstract
In a scaffold-based approach for bone tissue regeneration, the control over morphometry allows for balancing scaffold biomechanical performances. In this experimental work, trabecular geometry was obtained by a generative design process, and scaffolds were manufactured by vat photopolymerization with 60% (P60), 70% (P70) [...] Read more.
In a scaffold-based approach for bone tissue regeneration, the control over morphometry allows for balancing scaffold biomechanical performances. In this experimental work, trabecular geometry was obtained by a generative design process, and scaffolds were manufactured by vat photopolymerization with 60% (P60), 70% (P70) and 80% (P80) total porosity. The mechanical and biological performances of the produced scaffolds were investigated, and the results were correlated with morphometric parameters, aiming to investigate the influence of trabecular geometry on the elastic modulus, the ultimate compressive strength of scaffolds and MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell viability. The results showed that P60 trabecular geometry allows for matching the mechanical requirements of human mandibular trabecular bone. From the statistical analysis, a general trend can be inferred, suggesting strut thickness, the degree of anisotropy, connectivity density and specific surface as the main morphometric parameters influencing the biomechanical behavior of trabecular scaffolds, in the perspective of tissue engineering applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering (Second Edition))
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Review

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31 pages, 2546 KiB  
Review
Evaluation of Patellar Groove Prostheses in Veterinary Medicine: Review of Technological Advances, Technical Aspects, and Quality Standards
by Mateusz Pawlik, Piotr Trębacz, Anna Barteczko, Aleksandra Kurkowska, Agata Piątek, Zbigniew Paszenda and Marcin Basiaga
Materials 2025, 18(7), 1652; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18071652 - 3 Apr 2025
Viewed by 733
Abstract
This review explores the technological advancements in, engineering considerations regarding, and quality standards of veterinary patellar groove replacement implants. Veterinary-specific regulations for these implants are currently lacking. Therefore, human knee implant benchmarks are used as references. These benchmarks guide evaluation of the surface [...] Read more.
This review explores the technological advancements in, engineering considerations regarding, and quality standards of veterinary patellar groove replacement implants. Veterinary-specific regulations for these implants are currently lacking. Therefore, human knee implant benchmarks are used as references. These benchmarks guide evaluation of the surface quality, material selection, biocompatibility, and mechanical performance of the implant to ensure reliability and longevity. Patellar luxation is a common orthopedic disorder in small animals which leads to patellofemoral joint instability and cartilage degeneration, and is often caused by angular limb deformities that disrupt patellar alignment. In severe cases, patellar groove replacement is necessary to restore function and alleviate pain. The implant materials must provide durability, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility to withstand joint forces while ensuring minimal wear. High-quality surface finishes reduce the friction experienced by these materials, improving their long-term performance. Advances in 3D printing allow the creation of patient-specific implants. These implants offer an enhanced anatomical fit and enhanced functionality, which is especially beneficial in complex cases. However, challenges remain in achieving consistent manufacturing quality and economic feasibility. While custom implants are invaluable for difficult cases, standardized designs are sufficient for routine applications. Combining human implant standards with new manufacturing technologies improves veterinary orthopedic solutions. This integration expands the treatment options for patellar luxation and enhances the quality and accessibility of implants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering (Second Edition))
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