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Advanced Polymeric Biocomposites: Synthesis, Characterizations, and Applications

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymeric Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2024) | Viewed by 20605

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. The National Institute for Research and Development in Environmental Protection (INCDPM), 294 Splaiul Independenței Blv, District 6, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
2. Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov St., 050044 Bucharest, Romania
3. Doctoral School of Biotechnical Systems Engineering, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independenței Blv, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: environment protection; sturgeon monitoring; water quality monitoring; numerical simulation
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E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Laboratories for Analysis of Environmental Factors, The National Institute for Research and Development in Environmental Protection (INCDPM), 294 Splaiul Independenței Blv, District 6, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: elastomeric and elasto-plastic materials; polymeric composites reinforced with natural fibers; nanocomposites; influence of radiation on polymers; waste valorization; physical–mechanical properties; rheological properties; chemical properties; biodegradability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In this Special Issue, we are pleased to invite you to submit original research articles and review papers, covering the most recent advances in the chemical design, synthesis, modification, and characterization of polymeric materials for environmental applications. Particular emphasis is placed on structure–property relationships, crosslinking mechanisms, and physico-chemical interactions governing the performance of polymers in environmental systems.

We welcome contributions focused on the development of new polymeric materials and composites derived from both synthetic and natural resources, as well as from waste streams, with attention to their chemical stability, degradation behavior, and environmental compatibility, the development of new polymeric materials for various environmental applications, and the production of new polymers and polymeric materials from natural resources or waste.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Development of new polymeric materials for water and soil decontamination, with emphasis on adsorption mechanisms, chemical interactions, and selective binding of pollutants (e.g., heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, microplastics, pesticides and chemical products).
  • Design and preparation of polymeric biocomposites for environmental protection applications that meet a series of properties, such as good resistance to oxidation, water, organic solvents, or industrial pollutants, exhibit controlled biodegradability, and do not release harmful chemicals into the environment over time.
  • Bioconversion of agro-industrial waste into polymers;
  • Development of new sustainable polymeric materials;
  • Creation of new types of biodegradable packaging.

Dr. György Deák
Dr. Maria Daniela Stelescu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bioplastics
  • polymer biocomposites
  • ecological packaging
  • polymer waste recovery
  • microplastics
  • photocatalytic polymers
  • conductive polymers
  • polymeric membranes
  • biodegradation of polymers

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

33 pages, 7655 KB  
Article
Silanization of Starch and Its Effect on Cross-Linking and Mechanical, Dynamic, Hydrophobic, and Aging Properties of Polymeric Compositions Containing Natural Rubber
by Konrad Mrozowski and Aleksandra Smejda-Krzewicka
Materials 2024, 17(24), 6273; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17246273 - 22 Dec 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2650
Abstract
In recent years, the search for more sustainable fillers for elastomeric composites than silica and carbon black has been underway. In this work, silanized starch was used as an innovative filler for elastomeric composites. Corn starch was chemically modified by silanization (with n-octadecyltrimethoxysilane) [...] Read more.
In recent years, the search for more sustainable fillers for elastomeric composites than silica and carbon black has been underway. In this work, silanized starch was used as an innovative filler for elastomeric composites. Corn starch was chemically modified by silanization (with n-octadecyltrimethoxysilane) via a condensation reaction to produce a hydrophobic starch. Starch/natural rubber composites were prepared by mixing the modified starch with elastomer. The morphology, hydrophobicity, and chemical structure of starch after and before modification were studied. The results showed that starch after silanization becomes hydrophobic (θw = 117.3°) with a smaller particle size. In addition, FT-IR spectrum analysis confirmed the attachment of silane groups to the starch. The modified starch dispersed better in the natural rubber matrix and obtained a more homogeneous morphology. The composite achieved the best dynamic (ΔG′ = 203.8 kPa) and mechanical properties (TSb = 11.4 MPa) for compositions with 15 phr of modified starch. In addition, the incorporation of silanized starch improved the hydrophobicity of the composite (θw = 117.8°). The higher starch content allowed the composites to achieve a higher degree of cross-linking, resulting in better resistance to swelling in organic solvents. This improvement is due to enhanced elastomer–filler interactions and reduced spaces that prevent solvent penetration into the material’s depths. The improved mechanical properties and good dynamic properties, as well as improved hydrophobicity, were mainly due to improved interfacial interactions between rubber and starch. This study highlights the potential and new approach of silane-modified starch as a sustainable filler, demonstrating its ability to enhance the mechanical, dynamic, and hydrophobic properties of elastomeric composites while supporting greener material solutions for the rubber industry. Full article
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20 pages, 5001 KB  
Article
Polymeric Biocomposite Based on Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) and Protein and Elastomeric Waste Mixture
by Mihaela Nituica, Ovidiu Oprea, Maria Daniela Stelescu, Maria Sonmez, Mihai Georgescu, Laurentia Alexandrescu and Ludmila Motelica
Materials 2023, 16(15), 5279; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16155279 - 27 Jul 2023
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3863
Abstract
Polymeric biocomposites based on TPU/recycled TPUW/mixed leather and SBR rubber waste unmodified/modified with polydimethylsiloxane/PE-g-MA in different percentages were made via the mixing technique on a Plasti-Corder Brabender mixer with an internal capacity of 350 cm3. The waste, which came from the [...] Read more.
Polymeric biocomposites based on TPU/recycled TPUW/mixed leather and SBR rubber waste unmodified/modified with polydimethylsiloxane/PE-g-MA in different percentages were made via the mixing technique on a Plasti-Corder Brabender mixer with an internal capacity of 350 cm3. The waste, which came from the shoe industry, was cryogenically ground with the help of a cryogenic cyclone mill at micrometric sizes and different speeds. For the tests, standard plates of 150 × 150 × 2 mm were obtained in a laboratory-scale hydraulic press via the method of compression between its plates, with well-established parameters. The biocomposites were tested physico-mechanically and rheologically (MFI) according to the standards in force on polymer-specific equipment, also via FT-IR spectroscopy and microscopy, as well as via differential scanning calorimetry—DSC. Following the tests carried out, according to the standard for use in the footwear industry, at least two samples present optimal values (of interest) suitable for use in the footwear industry by injection or pressing in forming moulds. Full article
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12 pages, 3857 KB  
Article
How Retting Could Affect the Mechanical Behavior of Flax/Epoxy Biocomposite Materials?
by Mohamed Ragoubi, Morgan Lecoublet, Mehdi Khennache, Leonard Ionut Atanase, Christophe Poilane and Nathalie Leblanc
Materials 2023, 16(7), 2929; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16072929 - 6 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1956
Abstract
This study focuses on the retting effect on the mechanical properties of flax biobased materials. For the technical fiber, a direct link was established between the biochemical alteration of technical flax and their mechanical properties. In function of the retting level, technical fibers [...] Read more.
This study focuses on the retting effect on the mechanical properties of flax biobased materials. For the technical fiber, a direct link was established between the biochemical alteration of technical flax and their mechanical properties. In function of the retting level, technical fibers appeared smoother and more individualized; nevertheless, a decrease in the ultimate modulus and maximum stress was recorded. A biochemical alteration was observed as the retting increased (a decrease in the soluble fraction from 10.4 ± 0.2 to 4.5 ± 1.2% and an increase in the holocellulose fractions). Regarding the mechanical behavior of biocomposites manufactured by thermocompression, a non-elastic behavior was observed for the tested samples. Young moduli (E1 and E2) gradually increased with retting. The retting effect was more pronounced when a normalization was performed (according to the fiber volume and porosity). A 40% increase in elastic modulus could be observed between under-retting (−) and over-retting (+). Moreover, the porosity content (Vp) increased overall with fiber content. Setup 3, with optimized processing parameters, was the most desirable processing protocol because it allowed the highest fiber fraction (Vf) for the lowest Vp. Full article
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13 pages, 13592 KB  
Article
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Hydrolysed Collagen Nanofibers Loaded with Ginger Essential Oil
by Mariana Daniela Berechet, Carmen Gaidau, Aleksandra Nešić, Rodica Roxana Constantinescu, Demetra Simion, Olga Niculescu, Maria Daniela Stelescu, Irina Sandulache and Maria Râpă
Materials 2023, 16(4), 1438; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041438 - 8 Feb 2023
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3440
Abstract
Hydrolysed collagen obtained from bovine leather by-products were loaded with ginger essential oil and processed by the electrospinning technique for obtaining bioactive nanofibers. Particle size measurements of hydrolysed collagen, GC-MS analysis of ginger essential oil (EO), and structural and SEM examinations of collagen [...] Read more.
Hydrolysed collagen obtained from bovine leather by-products were loaded with ginger essential oil and processed by the electrospinning technique for obtaining bioactive nanofibers. Particle size measurements of hydrolysed collagen, GC-MS analysis of ginger essential oil (EO), and structural and SEM examinations of collagen nanofibers loaded with ginger essential oil collected on waxed paper, cotton, and leather supports were performed. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and antifungal activity against Candida albicans were also determined. Data show that the hydrolysed collagen nanofibers loaded with ginger EO can be used in the medical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, or niche fields. Full article
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14 pages, 2956 KB  
Article
Novel Nanocomposite Hydrogels Based on Crosslinked Microbial Polysaccharide as Potential Bioactive Wound Dressings
by Maria Minodora Marin, Madalina Albu Kaya, Durmus Alpaslan Kaya, Roxana Constantinescu, Bogdan Trica, Ioana Catalina Gifu, Elvira Alexandrescu, Cristina Lavinia Nistor, Rebeca Leu Alexa and Raluca Ianchis
Materials 2023, 16(3), 982; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16030982 - 20 Jan 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3097
Abstract
A multitude of dressings have been developed to promote wound repair, such as membranes, foams, hydrocolloids and hydrogels. In this study, a crosslinked polysaccharide hydrogel was mixed with a bioactive ingredient to synthesize a novel nanocomposite material to be used in wound healing. [...] Read more.
A multitude of dressings have been developed to promote wound repair, such as membranes, foams, hydrocolloids and hydrogels. In this study, a crosslinked polysaccharide hydrogel was mixed with a bioactive ingredient to synthesize a novel nanocomposite material to be used in wound healing. Variation of the ratio between hydrogel components was followed and its effect was analyzed in regard to swelling, degradation rate and thermo-mechanical behavior. The resulting crosslinked structures were characterized by FTIR and microscopy analyses. The antimicrobial activity of the crosslinked hydrogels loaded with bioactive agent was evaluated using two bacterial strains (Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia Coli). All the results showed that the new synthesized biopolymer nanocomposites have adequate properties to be used as antibacterial wound dressings. Full article
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18 pages, 3698 KB  
Article
Mechanical Properties and Equilibrium Swelling Characteristics of Some Polymer Composites Based on Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Reinforced with Hemp Fibers
by Maria Daniela Stelescu, Anton Airinei, Alexandra Bargan, Nicusor Fifere, Mihai Georgescu, Maria Sonmez, Mihaela Nituica, Laurentia Alexandrescu and Adriana Stefan
Materials 2022, 15(19), 6838; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15196838 - 1 Oct 2022
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 4352
Abstract
EPDM/hemp fiber composites with fiber loading of 0–20 phr were prepared by the blending technique on a laboratory electrically heated roller mill. Test specimens were obtained by vulcanization using a laboratory hydraulic press. The elastomer crosslinking and the chemical modification of the hemp [...] Read more.
EPDM/hemp fiber composites with fiber loading of 0–20 phr were prepared by the blending technique on a laboratory electrically heated roller mill. Test specimens were obtained by vulcanization using a laboratory hydraulic press. The elastomer crosslinking and the chemical modification of the hemp fiber surface were achieved by a radical reaction mechanism initiated by di(tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene. The influence of the fiber loading on the mechanical properties, gel fraction, swelling ratio and crosslink degree was investigated. The gel fraction, crosslink density and rubber–hemp fiber interaction were evaluated based on equilibrium solvent-swelling measurements using the Flory–Rehner relation and Kraus and Lorenz–Park equations. The morphology of the EPDM/hemp fiber composites was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The water absorption increases as the hemp fiber loading increases. Full article
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