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Study on Electrochemical Behavior and Corrosion of Materials
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Study on Electrochemical Behavior and Corrosion of Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Corrosion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2025 | Viewed by 1740

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Raul Figueroa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Materials Engineering, Applied Mechanics and Construction, CINTEX, University of Vigo, e-Materiais, 36310 Vigo, Spain
Interests: material characterization; coating; surface engineering; corrosion; aluminum alloys; electrochemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Gloria Pena

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Materials Engineering, Applied Mechanics and Construction, CINTEX, University of Vigo, Encomat, 36310 Vigo, Spain
Interests: aluminum composites; surface modification; FSW; corrosion; electrochemistry
Dr. David Álvarez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
Department of Materials Engineering, Applied Mechanics and Construction, CINTEX, University of Vigo, e-Materiais, 36310 Vigo, Spain
Interests: material characterization; coating; surface engineering; corrosion; aluminum alloys; electrochemistry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Understanding the electrochemical properties of materials is crucial for their proper selection, handling, as well as for extending their service life.

As new materials and manufacturing techniques are developed, it becomes increasingly important to continuously characterize their properties. However, electrochemical characterization often takes a backseat to mechanical characterization, limiting the potential applications of these new materials across various engineering fields due to a lack of data on their electrochemical properties.

By understanding electrochemical processes and applying protective coatings, we can significantly reduce economic losses, decrease raw material consumption, and prevent unnecessary risks associated with failures. Furthermore, advancements in engineering demand materials with specific electrochemical properties, such as those required for catalytic processes or energy production and storage, which must become more efficient to lower costs.

For these reasons, this Special Issue aims to bring together research on advances in electrochemical characterization, corrosion studies and protection, as well as new applications and developments in this field.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Electrochemical characterization of materials;
  • Corrosion kinetics and passivity;
  • Mechanisms and methods of corrosion control;
  • Corrosion inhibitors;
  • Cathodic protection;
  • Protective coatings;
  • Surface pretreatments.

Dr. Raul Figueroa
Prof. Dr. Gloria Pena
Guest Editors

Dr. David Álvarez
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • corrosion protection
  • coating
  • electrochemical behavior
  • corrosion inhibitors
  • passivation
  • EIS
  • surface modification
  • corrosion control
  • surface pretreatments

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

44 pages, 14734 KiB  
Article
Influence of Zn Content on the Corrosion and Mechanical Properties of Cast and Friction Stir-Welded Al-Si-Mg-Fe-Zn Alloys
by Xiaomi Chen, Kun Liu, Quan Liu, Jing Kong, Valentino A. M. Cristino, Kin-Ho Lo, Zhengchao Xie, Zhi Wang, Dongfu Song and Chi-Tat Kwok
Materials 2025, 18(14), 3306; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18143306 - 14 Jul 2025
Viewed by 342
Abstract
With the ongoing development of lightweight automobiles, research on new aluminum alloys and welding technology has gained significant attention. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state joining technique for welding aluminum alloys without melting. In this study, novel squeeze-cast Al-Si-Mg-Fe-Zn alloys with different [...] Read more.
With the ongoing development of lightweight automobiles, research on new aluminum alloys and welding technology has gained significant attention. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state joining technique for welding aluminum alloys without melting. In this study, novel squeeze-cast Al-Si-Mg-Fe-Zn alloys with different Zn contents (0, 3.4, 6.5, and 8.3 wt%) were friction stir welded (FSWed) at a translational speed of 200 mm/min and a rotational speed of 800 rpm. These parameters were chosen based on the observations of visually sound welds, defect-free and fine-grained microstructures, homogeneous secondary phase distribution, and low roughness. Zn can affect the microstructure of Al-Si-Mg-Fe-Zn alloys, including the grain size and the content of secondary phases, leading to different mechanical and corrosion behavior. Adding different Zn contents with Mg forms the various amount of MgZn2, which has a significant strengthening effect on the alloys. Softening observed in the weld zones of the alloys with 0, 3.4, and 6.5 wt% Zn is primarily attributed to the reduction in Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM) and a decrease in the Si phase and MgZn2. Consequently, the mechanical strengths of the FSWed joints are lower as compared to the base material. Conversely, the FSWed alloy with 8.3 wt% Zn exhibited enhanced mechanical properties, with hardness of 116.3 HV0.2, yield strength (YS) of 184.4 MPa, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 226.9 MP, percent elongation (EL%) of 1.78%, and a strength coefficient exceeding 100%, indicating that the joint retains the strength of the as-cast one, due to refined grains and more uniformly dispersed secondary phases. The highest corrosion resistance of the FSWed alloy with 6.5%Zn is due to the smallest grain size and KAM, without MgZn2 and the highest percentage of {111} texture (24.8%). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Study on Electrochemical Behavior and Corrosion of Materials)
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19 pages, 4606 KiB  
Article
Corrosion Behavior of MgTiZn and Mg4TiZn Alloys After Ball Milling and Subsequent Spark Plasma Sintering
by Alexander Helmer, Rahul Agrawal, Manoj Mugale, Tushar Borkar and Rajeev Gupta
Materials 2025, 18(14), 3279; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18143279 - 11 Jul 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 313
Abstract
Magnesium-containing multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) are promising for lightweight applications due to their low density, high specific strength, and biocompatibility. This study examines two Mg-Ti-Zn alloy compositions, equal molar MgTiZn (TZ) and Mg4TiZn (4TZ), synthesized via ball milling followed by spark [...] Read more.
Magnesium-containing multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) are promising for lightweight applications due to their low density, high specific strength, and biocompatibility. This study examines two Mg-Ti-Zn alloy compositions, equal molar MgTiZn (TZ) and Mg4TiZn (4TZ), synthesized via ball milling followed by spark plasma sintering, focusing on their microstructures and corrosion behaviors. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy revealed the formation of intermetallic phases, including Ti2Zn and Mg21Zn25 in TZ, while 4TZ exhibited a predominantly Mg-rich phase. Potentiodynamic polarization and immersion tests in 0.1 M NaCl solution showed that both alloys had good corrosion resistance, with values of 3.65 ± 0.65 µA/cm2 for TZ and 4.58 ± 1.64 µA/cm2 for 4TZ. This was attributed to the formation of a TiO2-rich surface film in the TZ, as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which contributed to enhanced passivation and lower corrosion current density. Both alloys displayed high hardness, 5.5 ± 1.0 GPa for TZ and 5.1 ± 0.9 GPa for 4TZ, and high stiffness, with Young’s modulus values of 98.2 ± 11.2 GPa for TZ and 100.8 ± 9.6 GPa for 4TZ. These findings highlight the potential of incorporating Ti and Zn via mechanical alloying to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg-containing MPEAs and Mg-based alloys. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Study on Electrochemical Behavior and Corrosion of Materials)
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14 pages, 6398 KiB  
Article
Corrosion Behavior of Additively Manufactured GRX-810 Alloy in 3.5 wt.% NaCl
by Peter Omoniyi, Samuel Alfred, Kenneth Looby, Olu Bamiduro, Mehdi Amiri and Gbadebo Owolabi
Materials 2025, 18(14), 3252; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18143252 - 10 Jul 2025
Viewed by 256
Abstract
This study examines the corrosion characteristics of GRX-810, a NiCoCr-based high entropy alloy, in a simulated marine environment represented by 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The research employs electrochemical and surface analysis techniques to evaluate the corrosion performance and protective mechanisms of this alloy. [...] Read more.
This study examines the corrosion characteristics of GRX-810, a NiCoCr-based high entropy alloy, in a simulated marine environment represented by 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The research employs electrochemical and surface analysis techniques to evaluate the corrosion performance and protective mechanisms of this alloy. Electrochemical characterization was performed using potentiodynamic polarization to determine critical corrosion parameters, including corrosion potential and current density, along with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to assess the stability and protective qualities of the oxide film. Surface analytical techniques provided detailed microstructural and compositional insights, with scanning electron microscopy revealing the morphology of corrosion products, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy identifying elemental distribution in the passive layer, and X-ray diffraction confirming the chemical composition and crystalline structure of surface oxide. The results demonstrated distinct corrosion resistance behavior between the different processing conditions of the alloy. The laser powder bed fused (LPBF) specimens in the as-built condition exhibited superior corrosion resistance compared to their hot isostatically pressed (HIPed) counterparts, as evidenced by higher corrosion potentials and lower current densities. Microscopic examination revealed the formation of a dense, continuous layer of corrosion products on the alloy surface, indicating effective barrier protection against chloride ion penetration. A compositional analysis of all samples identified oxide film enriched with chromium, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, titanium, and silicon. XRD characterization confirmed the presence of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) as the primary protective phase, with additional oxides contributing to the stability of the film. This oxide mixture demonstrated the alloy’s ability to maintain passivity and effective repassivation following film breakdown. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Study on Electrochemical Behavior and Corrosion of Materials)
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22 pages, 15244 KiB  
Article
Corrosion Behavior of Shot Peened Ti6Al4V Alloy Fabricated by Conventional and Additive Manufacturing
by Mariusz Walczak, Wojciech Okuniewski, Wojciech J. Nowak, Dariusz Chocyk and Kamil Pasierbiewicz
Materials 2025, 18(10), 2274; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18102274 - 14 May 2025
Viewed by 557
Abstract
Ti6Al4V titanium alloy is one of the most studied for its properties after additive manufacturing. Due to its widely use in medical applications, its properties are investigated in various aspects of surface layer property improvement and later compared to conventionally manufactured Ti-6Al-4V. In [...] Read more.
Ti6Al4V titanium alloy is one of the most studied for its properties after additive manufacturing. Due to its widely use in medical applications, its properties are investigated in various aspects of surface layer property improvement and later compared to conventionally manufactured Ti-6Al-4V. In this study, the corrosion behavior in a 0.9% NaCl solution of shot peened Ti-6Al-4V prepared using direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) was examined using corrosion electrochemical testing and compared with conventionally forged titanium alloy. Shot peening was performed on previously polished samples and subsequently treated with the CrNi steel shots. Two sets of peening pressure were selected: 0.3 and 0.4 MPa. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests with roughness and hardness measurements were used to characterize the samples. The conventional samples were characterized by an α + β structure, while the additive samples had an α’ + β martensitic structure. The obtained results indicate that the corrosion resistance of the conventionally forged Ti-6Al-4V alloy was higher than DMLSed Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The lowest corrosion rates were noted for untreated surfaces of CM/ref and DMLS/ref samples and reached 0.041 and 0.070 µA/cm2, respectively. Moreover, the development of the surface has an influence on corrosion behavior. Therefore, increasing pressure results in inferior corrosion resistance. However, better performance for shot peened samples was reported in the low frequency range. This is due to the refinement of the grain acquired after the peening process. All the results obtained, related to the corrosion behavior, were satisfactory enough that the all samples can be characterized as materials suitable for implant applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Study on Electrochemical Behavior and Corrosion of Materials)
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