Architected Composite Materials: Bridging Microstructure to Function

Dear Colleagues,

In the domain of polymer-based composites, it is evident that the microstructure strongly correlates with the mechanical, hygrothermal, or electrical properties. It is the architecture at the microscale that governs how the composite performs under various loading and environmental conditions. The primary challenge is predicting how small-scale features, such as fibre sizing, porosity, and nanoparticle distribution, influence the large-scale response, as well as the orientation of the fibres. The ability to tune the material's properties requires understanding how each scale interacts, which necessitates the use of advanced modeling and simulation tools. Computational tools, such as finite element modelling (FEM) and molecular dynamics (MD), assist researchers in predicting how changes in microstructure impact material behavior. Topological optimisation is a computational process that determines the optimal geometric arrangement of fibres and particles within a composite material to achieve the best possible performance under specific loading conditions.

The progress in manufacturing brings challenges and opportunities. Additive manufacturing (AM), 3D printing, and advanced moulding techniques can control the microstructure of composites with great precision. The use of nanoparticles or nanofillers to reinforce matrix materials can significantly enhance properties such as toughness, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability by modifying the shape, size, and dispersion of the filler. We can design composites with varying properties throughout their structure — i.e., functionally graded composites — to improve thermal and mechanical performance, for instance.

Although microstructural optimisation has been achieved in the laboratory, scaling up these innovations for industrial applications presents challenges in terms of reproducibility and cost. Achieving multi-functionality, such as self-sensing and self-healing capabilities, without compromising mechanical properties, remains a significant challenge. The effectiveness of self-healing agents and self-sensing systems over extended periods and under diverse environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, and UV exposure) remains an area of active research. The development of eco-friendly, recyclable composite materials is therefore becoming increasingly important. Advances in biodegradable composites and recyclable matrix systems are needed.

This Special Issue aims to study the relationship between microstructures and the mechanical, thermal, or electrical performance. Original research articles and reviews are welcome. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, manufacturing challenges with multi-functional integration, computational simulation, and topological optimization, spanning micro-, meso-, and macro-scales.

Dr. Rui Miranda Guedes
Guest Editor

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