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Preparation and Characterization of Functional Composite Materials (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Composites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 February 2026 | Viewed by 1809

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: analysis and modification of technology of wood-based composites; layered, particle, and fibrous wood-based materials characterization; biomass conversion and upcycling; biopolymers; regenerated cellulose; nanoparticles; biobased materials; forestry, wood, agricultural, and plant residues
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Guest Editor
Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa, 1, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
Interests: wood and lignocellulosic materials; analytic techniques; biorefinery and applications; surface treatments; exploration of phenolic compounds; antioxidant capacity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A composite material is a combination of two materials with different physical and chemical properties. When they are combined, they create a material specialized for a specific purpose, such as becoming stronger, lighter, or resistant to electricity. They can also improve strength and stiffness. The reason for their use over traditional materials is that they improve the properties of their base materials and are applicable in many situations. Through continuous advancements in materials science and engineering, the potential for further applications of composite materials can be achieved by introducing functionality. Functional Composite Materials are based on cutting-edge new generations of materials and are situated at the intersection of physics, chemistry, materials science, and engineering.

Composite materials are being utilized in high-end applications, including aviation technology, spacecraft, and the manufacturing of heavy equipment. The use of composite materials has been a notable advancement in the field of multifunctional composite materials. There is continuous progress related to improvements, innovations, and the replacement of metals, plastics, biopolymers, etc., despite rigorous destructive and non-destructive testing, which proves, for example, the toughness and lifelong durability of such materials. The structural functions primarily emphasize mechanical properties, including fracture toughness, strength, thermal stability, damping, stiffness, and tensile strength. The non-structural properties include biodegradability, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and others.

The present Special Issue (SI) aims to contribute to the topics relevant to modern functional composite materials.

Dr. Grzegorz Kowaluk
Dr. Rene Herrera
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • fiber-reinforced composites
  • three-dimensional composites
  • mechanical properties
  • physical properties
  • modeling and characterization
  • design of composite structures
  • natural fiber and bio-composites
  • hybrid composites

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 2570 KB  
Article
Fabrication and Wear Behavior of TiCN-Based Cermets with Nano-Diamond Addition
by Xiaoyong Ren, Xuyang Leng, Hong Deng and Guangxuan Yin
Materials 2025, 18(23), 5448; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235448 - 3 Dec 2025
Viewed by 24
Abstract
TiCN-based cermets have been widely used as cutting tools and wear-resistant coatings due to their excellent performance. New kinds of TiCN-based cermets that are being developed to have high performance have attracted extensive attention. In this work, TiCN-based cermets with nano-diamonds (NDs) as [...] Read more.
TiCN-based cermets have been widely used as cutting tools and wear-resistant coatings due to their excellent performance. New kinds of TiCN-based cermets that are being developed to have high performance have attracted extensive attention. In this work, TiCN-based cermets with nano-diamonds (NDs) as an additive were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The phase composition, microstructure, mechanical properties and wear behavior of the samples with different ND contents were systematically studied. The results show that a large fraction of the added nano-diamonds was transformed into graphite, while part of the diamond phase remained. The aggregation of the graphite became serious with more than 7 wt.% added nano-diamond. The relative density of the samples was approximately 87% and the hardness decreased with an increase in the added amount of nano-diamond. The average coefficient of friction of the samples ranged from 0.4 to 0.5. The graphite generated from nano-diamond lead to a deterioration in the mechanical properties of the prepared cermets and a reduction in their wear resistance. How to reduce the graphitization of diamond during the preparation of cermets should be considered in the follow-up study. Full article
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9 pages, 3202 KB  
Communication
Structure and Magnetic Properties of CNT-Reinforced Iron Composites
by Chunxia Zhou, Liang Yan, Biao Yan, Zhiya Han, Yixiao Cao and Xinyi Xu
Materials 2025, 18(19), 4600; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18194600 - 3 Oct 2025
Viewed by 541
Abstract
Fe-CNT composites were synthesized via mechanical ball milling, incorporating varying amounts of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into iron powder at concentrations of 1 wt%, 2 wt%, and 3 wt%. The impact of different CNT contents on the phase structure, microstructure, and magnetic properties of [...] Read more.
Fe-CNT composites were synthesized via mechanical ball milling, incorporating varying amounts of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into iron powder at concentrations of 1 wt%, 2 wt%, and 3 wt%. The impact of different CNT contents on the phase structure, microstructure, and magnetic properties of the composites was examined. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed that despite some damage, CNTs retained a predominantly one-dimensional nanostructure post-ball milling. Moreover, an increase in CNT content led to a gradual rise in grain size and lattice strain of the iron powder, attributed to the formation of solid solutions and iron–carbon compounds. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations demonstrated that the majority of CNTs were integrated within the iron matrix particles, with a minority either partially embedded or entirely unembedded on the iron powder surface. With higher CNT concentrations, local CNT agglomeration emerged and intensified. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements indicated that Fe-CNT composites exhibited enhanced saturation magnetization (2.25%) and reduced coercivity (91.74%) compared to pure iron, underscoring the potential of CNTs in enhancing the magnetic properties of iron powder. Full article
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15 pages, 2803 KB  
Article
Utilization of Birch Bark-Derived Suberinic Acid Residues as Additives in High-Density Fiberboard Production
by Julia Dasiewicz, Anita Wronka, Janis Rizikovs and Grzegorz Kowaluk
Materials 2025, 18(17), 4171; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18174171 - 5 Sep 2025
Viewed by 956
Abstract
This study investigates the use of suberinic acid residues (SARs), derived from birch outer bark, as a bio-based additive in high-density fiberboard (HDF). Boards with target densities of 800 kg m−3 were produced with SAR contents of 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, [...] Read more.
This study investigates the use of suberinic acid residues (SARs), derived from birch outer bark, as a bio-based additive in high-density fiberboard (HDF). Boards with target densities of 800 kg m−3 were produced with SAR contents of 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, and 50%. Standardized tests evaluated mechanical properties: screw withdrawal resistance, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and internal bond, as well as moisture resistance through surface water absorption, water absorption, and thickness swelling. Density profiles were also analyzed. SAR content influenced HDF performance in a concentration-dependent manner. The most notable improvements in mechanical properties occurred at 5% SAR, where fine particles likely enhanced internal bonding and stiffness. However, higher SAR levels led to reduced mechanical strength, possibly due to an excessive particle surface area exceeding the adhesive’s bonding capacity. Moisture resistance declined with increased SAR, attributed to its hydrophilic nature and process parameters, although SAR-modified boards still outperformed those with other biodegradable additives like starch. SAR also affected the density profile, improving core densification at moderate levels. Overall, SAR shows potential as a renewable additive for enhancing HDF performance, particularly at low concentrations, balancing mechanical strength and environmental benefits. Full article
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