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New Insight into Design and Properties of Nanomaterials (Second Edition)

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 July 2024) | Viewed by 13760

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Prof. Dr. Sergei A. Kulinich

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Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
Interests: Preparation and characterization of nanomaterials; Laser ablation in liquid and wet-chemistry approaches to produce nanostructures; Using nanomaterials to develop devices.
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Dr. Valery A. Svetlichnyi

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Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, Siberian Physical-Technical Institute, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
Interests: high-power laser excitation; pulsed laser ablation; laser spectroscopy; nonlinear optics of dyes and crystals; synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials; photocatalysis; biomedical applications of nanoparticles; surface and sensoric properties of nanostructures
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Dr. Neli Mintcheva

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University of Mining and Geology, Sofia 1700, Bulgaria
Interests: Green synthesis of nanoparticles and photocatalysis; Semiconductor nanomaterials and their characterization; laser ablation in liquid; metallic nanoparticles
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanomaterials have been a major focus of recent research, and represent a milestone of nanoscience and nanotechnology. They are a broad and continuously growing area of development. Their impact on modern industry is huge, and also boost both academia and education. Thus, the synthesis of novel nanomaterials, aiming at new potential applications, is fundamental in the development of high-tech industry and the implementation of scientific achievements in our daily lives.

The goal of the current Special Issue on New Insights into Design and Properties of Nanomaterials is to attract manuscripts that present state-of-the-art studies on the preparation of novel nanomaterials with a wide range of applications, from optics and optoelectronics, photovoltaics, catalysis, sensing, biomedicine, and more. We also welcome reports on new or modified approaches that lead to new nanomaterials with enhanced properties, as well as those on new techniques that help to achieve such nanomaterials.

Articles published in this Issue will cover new approaches to preparation and characterization which smooth the route from the design to the realization of nanostructures with properties that are highly anticipated for various applications. Although we will abbreviate the submission of all reports on nanomaterials prepared by means of physical, chemical and even biological processes, special attention will be paid to products prepared via environment-friendly and reagent-saving methods. We especially welcome experimental and computational studies that reveal the relationship between structure and properties, and then demonstrate the synthesis of nanomaterials with desired structure and properties.

In addition to more conventional inorganic nanomaterials, research on the directed synthesis of molecular nanostructures (supramolecular assemblies, molecular frameworks, etc.) is also expected to enrich the content of this Issue. Papers developing our understanding of how the use of molecular precursors may govern the composition, morphology, and surface chemistry of nanomaterials also meet the objectives of this project.

In summary, this Special Issue welcomes communications, full papers and reviews from all researchers working on novel nanomaterials, from their design to synthesis, characterization, and application.

Prof. Dr. Sergei Kulinich
Dr. Valery A. Svetlichnyi
Dr. Neli Mintcheva
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

novel nanomaterials
molecular nanostructures
physical, chemical, and biological methods for nanomaterial preparation
optical, photovoltaic, catalytic, sensing, antibacterial properties
structure–properties relationships

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Related Special Issues

New Insight into Design and Properties of Nanomaterials in Materials (10 articles)
New Insight into Design and Properties of Nanomaterials (Third Edition) in Materials

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Research

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11 pages, 4251 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating Optical Properties of Mixed-Phase 2D MoSe₂/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanocomposite Film

by Suman Chhetri, Anh Tuan Nguyen, Nicolas Gaillard and Woochul Lee

Materials 2024, 17(17), 4178; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17174178 - 23 Aug 2024

Viewed by 427

Abstract

Highly solar light-absorbing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite films have garnered wide attention in fields such as flexible optoelectronics, solar energy harvesting, and photothermal therapy. However, fabricating PVA nanocomposite films with a broad spectrum of solar absorption using cost-effective and non-toxic nanofillers remains challenging. Herein, nanocomposite films of PVA incorporating various concentrations of mixed-phase 2D MoSe₂ nanosheets (i.e., a combination of the 2H and 1T phase) were prepared using a solution casting technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows homogenous dispersion of MoSe₂ nanosheets in the PVA matrix even at higher concentrations, while atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals increasing surface roughness with increasing MoSe₂ content, reaching a plateau after 20 wt%. With the increase in the concentration of MoSe₂, the nanocomposite films exhibit interesting light absorption characteristics reaching their highest absorption (average 94.9%) at 40 wt% MoSe₂. The incorporated mixed-phase MoSe₂ nanosheets induce a significant change in the energy levels of the PVA matrix, which is reflected in the reduced optical band gap energy (2.63 eV) at 40 wt% MoSe₂ against pure PVA (5.28 eV). The excellent light absorption of PVA nanocomposite films across the entire range from 250 nm to 2500 nm is attributed to the thin 2D structure of MoSe₂ and the presence of its mixed phase. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insight into Design and Properties of Nanomaterials (Second Edition))

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16 pages, 3624 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Photodynamic and Antibacterial Assessment of Gold Nanoparticles Mediated by Gold (III) Chloride Trihydrate and Sodium Citrate under Alkaline Conditions

by Chien-Wei Cheng, Shwu-Yuan Lee, Tang-Yu Chen, Ching-Chuan Chen, Hsien-Tsung Tsai, Hsuan-Han Huang, Jeu-Ming P. Yuann and Ji-Yuan Liang

Materials 2024, 17(13), 3157; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17133157 - 27 Jun 2024

Viewed by 471

Abstract

Sodium citrate (SC) is sensitive to violet light illumination (VLI) and acts as a weak reductant. Conversely, gold (III) chloride trihydrate (GC) often acts as an oxidant in a redox reaction. In this study, the influences of colored light on the production of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in a mixture of gold (III) ions and citrate via VLI and the antibacterial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) of Escherichia coli (E. coli) are determined under alkaline conditions. The diameter of AuNPs is within the range of 3–15 nm, i.e., their mean diameter is 9 nm; when citrate is mixed with gold (III) ions under VLI, AuNPs are formed via an electron transfer process. Additionally, GC mixed with SC (GCSC) inhibits E. coli more effectively under VLI than it does under blue, green, or red light. GCSC and SC are shown to inhibit E. coli populations by 4.67 and 1.12 logs, respectively, via VLI at 10 W/m² for 60 min under alkaline conditions. GCSC-treated E. coli has a more significant photolytic effect on anionic superoxide radical (

O_{2}^{• -}

) formation under VLI, as more

O_{2}^{• -}

is formed within E. coli if the GCSC-treated samples are subjected to VLI. The

O_{2}^{• -}

exhibits a greater effect in a solution of GCSC than that shown by SC alone under VLI treatment. Gold (III) ions in a GCSC system appear to act as an oxidant by facilitating the electron transfer from citrate under VLI and the formation of AuNPs and

O_{2}^{• -}

via GCSC photolysis under alkaline conditions. As such, the photolysis of GCSC under VLI is a useful process that can be applied to aPDI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insight into Design and Properties of Nanomaterials (Second Edition))

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18 pages, 3196 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fabrication of Poly(ethylene furanoate)/Silver and Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposites with Improved Thermal and Antimicrobial Properties

by Johan Stanley, Eleftheria Xanthopoulou, Lidija Fras Zemljič, Panagiotis A. Klonos, Apostolos Kyritsis, Dimitra A. Lambropoulou and Dimitrios N. Bikiaris

Materials 2024, 17(7), 1606; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17071606 - 1 Apr 2024

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Abstract

Poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF)-based nanocomposites were fabricated with silver (Ag) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles by the in-situ polymerization method. The importance of this research work is to extend the usage of PEF-based nanocomposites with improved material properties. The PEF-Ag and PEF-TiO₂ nanocomposites showed a significant improvement in color concentration, as determined by the color colorimeter. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs revealed the appearance of small aggregates on the surface of nanocomposites. According to crystallinity investigations, neat PEF and nanocomposites exhibit crystalline fraction between 0–6%, whereas annealed samples showed a degree of crystallinity value above 25%. Combining the structural and molecular dynamics observations from broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) measurements found strong interactions between polymer chains and nanoparticles. Contact angle results exhibited a decrease in the wetting angle of nanocomposites compared to neat PEF. Finally, antimicrobial studies have been conducted, reporting a significant rise in inhibition of over 15% for both nanocomposite films against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. From the overall results, the synthesized PEF-based nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and antimicrobial properties may be optimized and utilized for the secondary packaging (unintended food-contact) materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insight into Design and Properties of Nanomaterials (Second Edition))

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20 pages, 10220 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Morphology and Structure of TiO₂ Nanotube/Carbon Nanostructure Coatings on Titanium Surfaces for Potential Biomedical Application

by Tsanka Dikova, Daniel P. Hashim and Neli Mintcheva

Materials 2024, 17(6), 1290; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17061290 - 11 Mar 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1106

Abstract

Titanium is the most used material for implant production. To increase its biocompatibility, continuous research on new coatings has been performed by the scientific community. The aim of the present paper is to prepare new coatings on the surfaces of the pure Ti Grade 2 and the Ti6Al4V alloy. Three types of coatings were achieved by applying anodization and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods: TiO₂ nanotubes (TNTs) were formed by anodization, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were obtained through a metal-catalyst-free CVD process, and a bilayer coating (TiO₂ nanotubes/carbon nanostructures) was prepared via successive anodization and CVD processes. The morphology and structure of the newly developed coatings were characterized using SEM, EDX, AFM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that after anodization, the morphology of the TiO₂ layer on pure Ti consisted of a “sponge-like” structure, nanotubes, and nano-rods, while the TNTs layer on the Ti alloy comprised mainly nanotubes. The bilayer coatings on both materials demonstrated different morphologies: the pure Ti metal was covered by a layer of nanotubular and nano-rod TiO₂ structures, followed by a dense carbon layer decorated with carbon nanoflakes, and on the Ti alloy, first, a TNTs layer was formed, and then carbon nano-rods were deposited using the CVD method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insight into Design and Properties of Nanomaterials (Second Edition))

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12 pages, 3256 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nano-Needle Boron-Doped Diamond Film with High Electrochemical Performance of Detecting Lead Ions

by Xiaoxi Yuan, Mingchao Yang, Xu Wang, Yongfu Zhu and Feng Yang

Materials 2023, 16(21), 6986; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16216986 - 31 Oct 2023

Viewed by 975

Abstract

Nano-needle boron-doped diamond (NNBDD) films increase their performance when used as electrodes in the determination of Pb²⁺. We develop a simple and economical route to produce NNBDD based on the investigation of the diamond growth mode and the ratio of diamond to non-diamond carbon without involving any templates. An enhancement in surface area is achievable for NNBDD film. The NNBDD electrodes are characterized through scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). Furthermore, we use a finite-element numerical method to research the prospects of tip-enhanced electric fields for sensitive detection at low Pb²⁺ concentrations. The NNBDD exhibits significant advantages and great electrical conductivity and is applied to detect trace Pb²⁺ through DPASV. Under pre-deposition accumulation conditions, a wide linear range from 1 to 80 µgL⁻¹ is achieved. A superior detection limit of 0.32 µgL⁻¹ is achieved for Pb²⁺, which indicates great potential for the sensitive detection of heavy metal ions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insight into Design and Properties of Nanomaterials (Second Edition))

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19 pages, 5947 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pd-Ceria/CNMs Composites as Catalysts for CO and CH₄ Oxidation

by Olga Stonkus, Lidiya Kibis, Elena Slavinskaya, Andrey Zadesenets, Ilia Garkul, Tatyana Kardash, Andrey Stadnichenko, Sergey Korenev, Olga Podyacheva and Andrei Boronin

Materials 2023, 16(12), 4257; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16124257 - 8 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1210

Abstract

The application of composite materials as catalysts for the oxidation of CO and other toxic compounds is a promising approach for air purification. In this work, the composites comprising palladium and ceria components supported on multiwall carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers and Sibunit were studied in the reactions of CO and CH₄ oxidation. The instrumental methods showed that the defective sites of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) successfully stabilize the deposited components in a highly-dispersed state: PdO and CeO₂ nanoparticles, subnanosized PdO_x and Pd_xCe_1−xO_2−δ clusters with an amorphous structure, as well as single Pd and Ce atoms, are formed. It was shown that the reactant activation process occurs on palladium species with the participation of oxygen from the ceria lattice. The presence of interblock contacts between PdO and CeO₂ nanoparticles has an important effect on oxygen transfer, which consequently affects the catalytic activity. The morphological features of the CNMs, as well as the defect structure, have a strong influence on the particle size and mutual stabilization of the deposited PdO and CeO₂ components. The optimal combination of highly dispersed PdO_x and Pd_xCe_1−xO_2−δ species, as well as PdO nanoparticles in the CNTs-based catalyst, makes it highly effective in both studied oxidation reactions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insight into Design and Properties of Nanomaterials (Second Edition))

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16 pages, 4369 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thermoelectric Properties of the Corbino Disk in Graphene

by Adam Rycerz, Katarzyna Rycerz and Piotr Witkowski

Materials 2023, 16(12), 4250; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16124250 - 8 Jun 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1168

Abstract

Thermopower and the Lorentz number for an edge-free (Corbino) graphene disk in the quantum Hall regime is calculated within the Landauer–Büttiker formalism. By varying the electrochemical potential, we find that amplitude of the Seebeck coefficient follows a modified Goldsmid–Sharp relation, with the energy gap defined by the interval between the zero and the first Landau levels in bulk graphene. An analogous relation for the Lorentz number is also determined. Thus, these thermoelectric properties are solely defined by the magnetic field, the temperature, the Fermi velocity in graphene, and fundamental constants including the electron charge, the Planck and Boltzmann constants, being independent of the geometric dimensions of the system. This suggests that the Corbino disk in graphene may operate as a thermoelectric thermometer, allowing to measure small temperature differences between two reservoirs, if the mean temperature magnetic field are known. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insight into Design and Properties of Nanomaterials (Second Edition))

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13 pages, 3579 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Preparation and Characterization of Crosslinked Electrospun Gelatin Fabrics via Maillard Reactions

by Duangkamol Dechojarassri, Ryota Kaneshige, Hiroshi Tamura and Tetsuya Furuike

Materials 2023, 16(11), 4078; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16114078 - 30 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1642

Abstract

In this study, nonwoven gelatin (Gel) fabrics crosslinked using N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) were characterized and compared with those crosslinked using methylglyoxal (MG) and by thermal dehydration. We prepared Gel with 25% concentration along with Gel/GlcNAc and Gel/MG with a GlcNAc-to-Gel ratio of 5% and MG-to-Gel ratio of 0.6%. A high voltage of 23 kV, solution temperature of 45 °C, and distance of 10 cm between the tip and the collector were applied during electrospinning. The electrospun Gel fabrics were crosslinked by heat treatment at 140 and 150 °C for 1 d. The electrospun Gel/GlcNAc fabrics were treated at 100 and 150 °C for 2 d, while the Gel/MG fabrics were heat-treated for 1 d. The Gel/MG fabrics exhibited higher tensile strength and lower elongation than the Gel/GlcNAc fabrics. Overall, Gel/MG crosslinked at 150 °C for 1 d showed a significant enhancement in tensile strength, high hydrolytic degradation, and excellent biocompatibility, with cell viability percentages of 105 and 130% at 1 and 3 d, respectively. Therefore, MG is a promising Gel crosslinker. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insight into Design and Properties of Nanomaterials (Second Edition))

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27 pages, 11723 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thermomechanical Response of Polycarbonate/Aluminum Nitride Nanocomposites in Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing

by Nectarios Vidakis, Markos Petousis, Panagiotis Mangelis, Emmanuel Maravelakis, Nikolaos Mountakis, Vassilis Papadakis, Maria Neonaki and Georgia Thomadaki

Materials 2022, 15(24), 8806; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15248806 - 9 Dec 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2164

Abstract

Polycarbonate-based nanocomposites were developed herein through a material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing (AM) process. The fabrication of the final nanocomposite specimens was achieved by implementing the fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing process. The impact of aluminum nitride (AlN) nanoparticles on the thermal and mechanical behavior of the polycarbonate (PC) matrix was investigated thoroughly for the fabricated nanocomposites, carrying out a range of thermomechanical tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) provided information about the morphological and surface characteristics of the produced specimens. Using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), the elemental composition of the nanocomposite materials was validated. Raman spectroscopy revealed no chemical interactions between the two material phases. The results showed the reinforcement of most mechanical properties with the addition of the AlN nanoparticles. The nanocomposite with 2 wt.% filler concentration exhibited the best mechanical performance overall, with the highest improvements observed for the tensile strength and toughness of the fabricated specimens, with a percentage of 32.8% and 51.6%, respectively, compared with the pure polymer. The successful AM of PC/AlN nanocomposites with the MEX process is a new paradigm, which expands 3D printing technology and opens a new route for the development of nanocomposite materials with multifunctional properties for industrial applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insight into Design and Properties of Nanomaterials (Second Edition))

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Review

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17 pages, 2610 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Design and Analysis of the Fabrication of Micro- and Nanoscale Surface Structures and Their Performance Applications from a Bionic Perspective

by Haohua Zheng, Jiawei Liu and Yake Qiu

Materials 2024, 17(16), 4014; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164014 - 12 Aug 2024

Viewed by 762

Abstract

This paper comprehensively discusses the fabrication of bionic-based ultrafast laser micro–nano-multiscale surface structures and their performance analysis. It explores the functionality of biological surface structures and the high adaptability achieved through optimized self-organized biomaterials with multilayered structures. This study details the applications of ultrafast laser technology in biomimetic designs, particularly in preparing high-precision, wear-resistant, hydrophobic, and antireflective micro- and nanostructures on metal surfaces. Advances in the fabrications of laser surface structures are analyzed, comparing top-down and bottom-up processing methods and femtosecond laser direct writing. This research investigates selective absorption properties of surface structures at different scales for various light wavelengths, achieving coloring or stealth effects. Applications in dirt-resistant, self-cleaning, biomimetic optical, friction-resistant, and biocompatible surfaces are presented, demonstrating potential in biomedical care, water-vapor harvesting, and droplet manipulation. This paper concludes by highlighting research frontiers, theoretical and technological challenges, and the high-precision capabilities of femtosecond laser technology in related fields. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insight into Design and Properties of Nanomaterials (Second Edition))

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38 pages, 21311 KiB

Open AccessReview

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis as a Promising Tool for the Preparation of Materials Containing Defective Carbon Nanostructures: Implications on Properties and Applications

by Damian Pawelski and Marta E. Plonska-Brzezinska

Materials 2023, 16(19), 6549; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16196549 - 4 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1694

Abstract

In this review, we focus on a small section of the literature that deals with the materials containing pristine defective carbon nanostructures (CNs) and those incorporated into the larger systems containing carbon atoms, heteroatoms, and inorganic components.. Briefly, we discuss only those topics that focus on structural defects related to introducing perturbation into the surface topology of the ideal lattice structure. The disorder in the crystal structure may vary in character, size, and location, which significantly modifies the physical and chemical properties of CNs or their hybrid combination. We focus mainly on the method using microwave (MW) irradiation, which is a powerful tool for synthesizing and modifying carbon-based solid materials due to its simplicity, the possibility of conducting the reaction in solvents and solid phases, and the presence of components of different chemical natures. Herein, we will emphasize the advantages of synthesis using MW-assisted heating and indicate the influence of the structure of the obtained materials on their physical and chemical properties. It is the first review paper that comprehensively summarizes research in the context of using MW-assisted heating to modify the structure of CNs, paying attention to its remarkable universality and simplicity. In the final part, we emphasize the role of MW-assisted heating in creating defects in CNs and the implications in designing their properties and applications. The presented review is a valuable source summarizing the achievements of scientists in this area of research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insight into Design and Properties of Nanomaterials (Second Edition))

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