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Advanced Steel Materials: 3D Printing, Phase Transformation, and Mechanical Properties

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 November 2025 | Viewed by 662

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Scientific and Didactic Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Materials Technologies, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Interests: AI modeling; machine learning; structure–property relationships; computational simulations; tool steels; structural steels
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, 18A Konarskiego Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Interests: thermal analysis; mechanical properties; casting; alloy; light metals; additive manufacturing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advanced steel materials are currently of great interest to both the scientific community and manufacturers. This is related to the implementation of advanced basic research, mainly on phase transformations and their impact on mechanical properties, as well as the development of innovative production technologies, especially 3D printing.  This method makes it possible to produce parts with complex shapes without the need for tools, reduce material waste, and control the microstructure and, consequently, the properties of the material. Current 3D technologies include Selective Laser Melting (SLM), Direct Energy Deposition (DED), Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) and Binder Jetting. The advantage of these technologies is the ability to control phase transformations, including austenitic, martensitic, and bainitic transformations. This makes it possible to obtain different properties in different sections of the manufactured part. This is especially true for strength, hardness and wear resistance, fatigue strength, and ductility. Currently, research in this field is particularly concerned with explaining the mechanisms behind microstructure formation, designing the composition of new steels, hybrid processing methods, and the potential for application in new areas, including aerospace, power engineering, and medicine.

This Special Issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and comprehensive reviews that focus on innovative processing techniques, microstructure–property relationships, and performance improvements in advanced steel materials.

We look forward to receiving your high-quality contributions.

Prof. Dr. Wojciech Sitek
Dr. Mariusz Król
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • advanced steels
  • 3D printing
  • high-strength steels
  • stainless steels
  • high-performance steels
  • microstructure
  • phase transformations
  • mechanical properties
  • hybrid technologies

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 5802 KiB  
Article
Enhancing the Mechanical Performance of Dual-Phase Steel Through Multi-Axis Compression and Inter-Critical Annealing
by Pooja Dwivedi, Aditya Kumar Padap, Sachin Maheshwari, Faseeulla Khan Mohammad, Mohammed E. Ali Mohsin, SK Safdar Hossain, Hussain Altammar and Arshad Noor Siddiquee
Materials 2025, 18(13), 3139; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18133139 - 2 Jul 2025
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Abstract
This study examines the microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and wear behavior of medium-carbon dual-phase steel (AISI 1040) processed via Multi-Axis Compression (MAC). The DP steel was produced through inter-critical annealing at 745 °C, followed by MAC at 500 °C, resulting in a refined [...] Read more.
This study examines the microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and wear behavior of medium-carbon dual-phase steel (AISI 1040) processed via Multi-Axis Compression (MAC). The DP steel was produced through inter-critical annealing at 745 °C, followed by MAC at 500 °C, resulting in a refined grain microstructure. Optical micrographs confirmed the presence of ferrite and martensite phases after annealing, with significant grain refinement observed following MAC. The average grain size decreased from 66 ± 4 μm to 18 ± 1 μm after nine MAC passes. Mechanical testing revealed substantial improvements in hardness (from 145 ± 9 HV to 298 ± 18 HV) and ultimate tensile strength (from 557 ± 33 MPa to 738 ± 44 MPa), attributed to strain hardening and the Hall–Petch effect. Fractographic analysis revealed a ductile failure mode in the annealed sample, while DP0 and DP9 exhibited a mixed fracture mode. Both DP0 and DP9 samples demonstrated superior wear resistance compared to the annealed sample. However, the DP9 sample exhibited slightly lower wear resistance than DP0, likely due to the fragmentation of martensite induced by high accumulated strain, which could act as crack initiation sites during sliding wear. Furthermore, wear resistance was significantly enhanced due to the combined effects of the DP structure and Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD). These findings highlight the potential of MAC processing for developing high-performance steels suitable for lightweight automotive applications. Full article
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