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Recycling and Sustainability of Industrial Solid Waste
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Recycling and Sustainability of Industrial Solid Waste

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Green Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2024 | Viewed by 4077

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Zhanjun Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
Interests: recycling; sustainability

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue titled Studies on Recycling and Sustainability of Industrial Solid Waste provides important insights into the environmental and economic benefits of managing waste in an environmentally responsible manner. Industrial solid waste is a by-product of various industrial processes and can include items such as coal ash, mine tailings, slag from iron and steel production, and other inorganic residues. Recycling industrial solid waste can help reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills, conserve natural resources, and cut down greenhouse gas emissions. Sustainability is also key in the management of industrial solid waste. It involves efforts to minimize waste generation, promote resource efficiency, and reduce the environmental impact of solid waste disposal. Recycling and sustainability are essential aspects of industrial solid waste management that can help us address the global waste challenge while also protecting the environment and creating economic benefits. This Special Issue covers the following topics: industrial solid waste, recycling, sustainability, resource recovery, energy recovery, environmental impacts, and CO2 emission reduction.

Dr. Zhanjun Wang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • industrial solid waste
  • recycling
  • sustainability
  • resource recovery
  • energy recovery
  • environmental impacts
  • CO2 emission reduction

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 7348 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on Macro and Meso Characteristics of Steel-Slag-Based Cemented Backfill Due to Microbial Mineralization Action
by Fengwen Zhao, Jianhua Hu, Yinan Yang and Taoying Liu
Materials 2024, 17(13), 3165; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17133165 - 27 Jun 2024
Viewed by 322
Abstract
Steel slag is an industrial solid waste, which can provide a new calcium source for microbial mineralization as it contains abundant calcium elements. This study treated cemented backfill material with microorganisms and steel slag to enhance its performance. The influence of microbial treatment [...] Read more.
Steel slag is an industrial solid waste, which can provide a new calcium source for microbial mineralization as it contains abundant calcium elements. This study treated cemented backfill material with microorganisms and steel slag to enhance its performance. The influence of microbial treatment on the strength, microstructure, and pore characteristics of the backfill was assessed using a strength test, nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that (1) the microbial mineralization and the hydration reaction take place at the same time; (2) when the proportion of bacterial solution exceeded 50%, microorganisms excessively consumed Ca2+, which hindered the following hydration reaction; (3) the additional amount of bacterial solution added into the steel-slag-based cemented backfill material should be less than 50%, which increases the strength by up to 22.10%; (4) the excessive bacterial solution sharply reduces the strength of the backfill even by 21.41%; and (5) the addition of bacterial solution affects the pore characteristics. A 50% bacterial solution can make backfill reach its lowest porosity. The strength has an inversely proportional relationship with porosity, diameter, and roundness (σ = ax + b, a < 0). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recycling and Sustainability of Industrial Solid Waste)
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15 pages, 6009 KiB  
Article
Effect of Wet Grinding Concrete Slurry Waste on Hydration and Hardening Properties of Cement: Micro-Nano-Scale Modification
by Guishan Liu, Hao Sun, Yongbo Huang and Peng Du
Materials 2024, 17(12), 3010; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17123010 - 19 Jun 2024
Viewed by 326
Abstract
The concrete slurry waste (CSW) produced by concrete mixing plants is a type of hazardous waste that is difficult to handle. To better recycle the CSW separated from the aggregates, this study uses a variety of wet-grinding processes to refine the solid in [...] Read more.
The concrete slurry waste (CSW) produced by concrete mixing plants is a type of hazardous waste that is difficult to handle. To better recycle the CSW separated from the aggregates, this study uses a variety of wet-grinding processes to refine the solid in it, replaces some of the cement with the solid particles in wet grinding concrete slurry waste (WCSW), and investigates the properties of WCSW and its effect on the hydration and hardening properties of cement. The results show that a suitable wet-grinding process can ensure that the particle size in WCSW is less than 10 μm, the particle morphology is more flat, and the degree of hydration is higher. The WCSW particles can promote early cement hydration; after adding WCSW, the heat release peak of cement hydration appears earlier and more early hydration products are produced, and with the increase in the substitution amount, the promoting effect on early cement hydration will be more significant. The WCSW particles have a great effect on improving the strength of mortar, especially in the early stage. At 1 d, when the substitution amount is 7.5 wt.%, the compressive and flexural strength is increased by 43.67% and 45.04%; this is related to the filling of matrix pores and the improvement of the interface transition zone by micro- and nanoparticles. After the wet grinding of CSW, fine WCSW particles are obtained, which can improve the performance of cement-based materials by replacing cement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recycling and Sustainability of Industrial Solid Waste)
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26 pages, 14265 KiB  
Article
Potential of Reusing 3D Printed Concrete (3DPC) Fine Recycled Aggregates as a Strategy towards Decreasing Cement Content in 3DPC
by Szymon Skibicki, Karol Federowicz, Marcin Hoffmann, Mehdi Chougan, Daniel Sibera, Krzysztof Cendrowski, Mateusz Techman, João Nuno Pacheco, Maxime Liard and Pawel Sikora
Materials 2024, 17(11), 2580; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17112580 - 27 May 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 663
Abstract
This paper explores the new potential strategy of using fine recycled aggregates (fRA) derived from waste 3D printed concrete (3DPC) as a substitute for cement in additive manufacturing. This study hypothesizes that fRA can optimize mixture design, reduce cement content, and contribute to [...] Read more.
This paper explores the new potential strategy of using fine recycled aggregates (fRA) derived from waste 3D printed concrete (3DPC) as a substitute for cement in additive manufacturing. This study hypothesizes that fRA can optimize mixture design, reduce cement content, and contribute to sustainable construction practices. Experimental programs were conducted to evaluate the fresh and hardened properties, printability window, and buildability of 3DPC mixes containing fRA. Mixes with replacement rates of cement with fRA by 10 vol%, 20 vol%, 30 vol%, 40 vol%, and 50 vol% were produced. A comprehensive experimental protocol consisting of rheological studies (static and dynamic yield stress), dynamic elastic modulus determination (first 24 h of hydration), flexural and compressive strengths (2 d and 28 d), and an open porosity test was performed. The obtained results were verified by printing tests. In addition, an economic and environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) of the mixes was performed. The results indicate that up to 50 vol% cement replacement with fRA is feasible, albeit with some technical drawbacks. While fRA incorporation enhances sustainability by reducing CO2 emissions and material costs, it adversely affects the printability window, green strength, setting time, and mechanical properties, particularly in the initial curing stages. Therefore, with higher replacement rates (above 20 vol%), potential optimization efforts are needed to mitigate drawbacks such as reduced green strength and buildability. Notably, replacement rates of up to 20 vol% can be successfully used without compromising the overall material properties or altering the mixture design. The LCA analysis shows that reducing the cement content and increasing the fRA addition results in a significant reduction in mix cost (up to 24%) and a substantial decrease in equivalent CO2 emissions (up to 48%). In conclusion, this study underscores the potential of fRA as a sustainable alternative to cement in 3D printed concrete. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recycling and Sustainability of Industrial Solid Waste)
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14 pages, 1268 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Slag-Containing Steamed Concrete’s Composition Efficiency
by Leonid Dvorkin, Vadim Zhitkovsky, Ruslan Makarenko and Yuri Ribakov
Materials 2024, 17(6), 1300; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17061300 - 11 Mar 2024
Viewed by 745
Abstract
Thermal power plant slag is a waste that is presently obtained from many power stations all over the world. A possible method for its utilization is using it to produce concrete. This paper analyses the effect of thermal power plant slag on the [...] Read more.
Thermal power plant slag is a waste that is presently obtained from many power stations all over the world. A possible method for its utilization is using it to produce concrete. This paper analyses the effect of thermal power plant slag on the technological properties of concrete mixtures and the mechanical properties of concrete subjected to heat–moisture processing. Quantitative estimates of the investigated factors’ influence on the concrete mixture’s water demand and the strength of steamed concrete were obtained. The influences of TPP slag content and its water demand on concrete composition features as well as concrete strength are shown. The novelty of the work lies in the use of an experimental–statistical model to optimize the composition of steamed concrete using slag from the viewpoint of maximum strength per kilogram of cement. It has been demonstrated that the optimal part of slag in aggregate, which provides maximum strength at 4 h and 28 days after steaming, is 0.5–0.55 and 0.45–0.55, respectively. A method for the design of concrete composition using slag from thermal power plants is proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recycling and Sustainability of Industrial Solid Waste)
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19 pages, 9769 KiB  
Article
Corrosion Behavior of 10 ppi TAD3D/5A05Al Composite in a Chloride Environment
by Zishen Li, Shengpu Wang, Yuxin Chen, Gaofeng Fu and Lan Jiang
Materials 2024, 17(6), 1280; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17061280 - 10 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 841
Abstract
This study utilizes desalted and denitrated treated aluminum dross (TAD) as a raw material, along with kaolin and 10 ppi (pores per inch) polyurethane foam as a template. The slurry is converted into an aluminum dross green body with a three-dimensional network structure [...] Read more.
This study utilizes desalted and denitrated treated aluminum dross (TAD) as a raw material, along with kaolin and 10 ppi (pores per inch) polyurethane foam as a template. The slurry is converted into an aluminum dross green body with a three-dimensional network structure using the impregnation method. A three-dimensional network aluminum dross ceramic framework (TAD3D) is created at a sintering temperature of 1350 °C. The liquid 5A05 aluminum alloy at a temperature of 950 °C infiltrates into the voids of TAD3D through pressureless infiltration, resulting in TAD3D/5A05Al composite material with an interpenetrating phase composite (IPC) structure. The corrosion behavior of TAD3D/5A05 composite material in sodium chloride solution was examined using the salt spray test (NSS) method. The study shows that the pores of the TAD3D framework, produced by sintering aluminum dross as raw material, are approximately 10 ppi. The bonding between TAD3D and 5A05Al interfaces is dense, with strong interfacial adhesion. The NSS corrosion time ranged from 24 h to 360 h, during which the composite material underwent pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion and self-healing processes. Results from Potentiodynamic Polarization (PDP) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) indicate that, as corrosion progresses, the Ecorr of TAD3D/5A05Al decreases from −0.718 V to −0.786 V, and Icorr decreases from 0.398 μA·cm−2 to 0.141 μA·cm−2. A dense oxide film forms on the surface of the composite material, increasing the anodic Tafel slope and decreasing the cathodic Tafel slope, thus slowing down the rates of cathodic and anodic reactions. Factors such as lower interface corrosion resistance or a relatively weak passivation film at the interface do not significantly diminish the corrosion resistance of TAD3D and 5A05Al. The corrosion resistance of the composite material initially decreases and then increases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recycling and Sustainability of Industrial Solid Waste)
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17 pages, 4427 KiB  
Article
Development of Solid Waste-Based Composite Calcium Ferrite Flux and Its Application in Hot Metal Pre-Dephosphorization
by Zheng Zhao, Xiaoming Feng, Yanling Zhang, Yao Zhang and Yaoting Wu
Materials 2024, 17(5), 992; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17050992 - 21 Feb 2024
Viewed by 581
Abstract
To enhance the slagging efficiency of the lime-based slag system during the pre-treatment stage of hot metal, a composite calcium ferrite flux based on aluminum industry solid waste was developed in this study. The melting characteristics of the flux and its application in [...] Read more.
To enhance the slagging efficiency of the lime-based slag system during the pre-treatment stage of hot metal, a composite calcium ferrite flux based on aluminum industry solid waste was developed in this study. The melting characteristics of the flux and its application in the pre-treatment of hot metal were investigated. The results indicated that the main phases of the composite calcium ferrite were CaFe2O4, Ca2Fe2O5, and Ca2(Fe,Al)2O4. It exhibited high oxidation, high alkalinity, and a low melting point, thereby achieving excellent melting performance. Simulations of various dephosphorization fluxes in the pre-treatment of high-phosphorus hot metal, ordinary hot metal, and kilogram-scale dephosphorization experiment processes were conducted. Under the same experimental conditions, the composite calcium ferrite flux was able to achieve a dephosphorization rate of over 90% and a final phosphorus content of less than 0.02 wt% under high carbon content ([%C] = 3.2 wt%). In the application of hot metal pre-dephosphorization, this flux was able to achieve efficient melting and rapid slagging of lime at a lower temperature, and its slagging time was 50% faster than that of calcium ferrite flux. In addition, this flux enhanced the utilization efficiency of lime during the steelmaking process, effectively prevented the agglomeration of slag, and achieved efficient slag–metal separation. These characteristics were significantly better than the application effect of calcium ferrite flux. This flux has significant implications for the industrial application of deep dephosphorization in the pre-treatment stage of hot metal or the early stage of converter steelmaking. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recycling and Sustainability of Industrial Solid Waste)
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