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Technology in Lithium-Ion Batteries: Prospects and Challenges
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Technology in Lithium-Ion Batteries: Prospects and Challenges

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2026 | Viewed by 1474

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dongxu Ouyang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
Interests: battery thermal safety
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Weixiong Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Energy and Electricity Research Center, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China
Interests: energy storage; thermal management; phase change material; energy system design and optimization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jianing Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Interests: energy storage; electric vehicle; battery management systems; battery safety warning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the energy structure of the world transits from fossil fuels to renewable energy, lithium-ion batteries as an advanced energy storage device are becoming increasingly common. The rapid development of lithium-ion batteries might result in some considerations or challenges. Their wide application demands them to have more competitive properties to meet the market’s requirement, including a wider operation temperature range, a wider operation voltage range, a wider operation pressure range, a longer lifespan, a better rate capability, and so on. In addition, lithium-ion batteries also face some challenges in management, safety, and recycling. Proper management (protocol choice, temperature control) could guarantee that lithium-ion batteries work more efficiently, safely, and macrobiotically. Besides achieving intrinsic safety, the safety issues of lithium-ion batteries require more advanced technologies on hidden danger identification, thermal runaway warning, thermal runaway barrier, fire-extinguishing agent and spraying, flammable/explosive gas absorption, etc. Furthermore, the recycling of retired lithium-ion batteries is critical to resource utilization and environmental protection. In summary, lithium-ion batteries and their accompanying technologies deserve a farsighted prospect and development, to serve the community better.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Advanced lithium-ion battery materials;
  • Intelligent programs of charging and discharging strategies;
  • Thermal management of lithium-ion batteries;
  • Hidden danger identification;
  • Life prediction;
  • Thermal runaway properties and mechanisms;
  • Thermal runaway warning;
  • Thermal runaway barrier;
  • Thermal runaway extinguishment;
  • Lithium-ion battery recycling.

Dr. Dongxu Ouyang
Dr. Weixiong Wu
Dr. Jianing Xu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lithium-ion battery
  • high performance
  • safety
  • management
  • artificial intelligence
  • thermal runaway
  • recycling

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 7064 KiB  
Article
Characteristics of High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (HT-PEMFCs) Based on Novel Structures on Electrode Surfaces
by Tongbo Qiang, Weitao Zhang, Qilong Wu and Chaoling Han
Materials 2025, 18(6), 1232; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18061232 - 10 Mar 2025
Viewed by 486
Abstract
The performance of electrodes is the most critical factor determining the output characteristics of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs), and the electrode structure directly determines the strength of mass transfer and electrochemical reactions. Therefore, exploring the mechanism of increasing the specific [...] Read more.
The performance of electrodes is the most critical factor determining the output characteristics of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs), and the electrode structure directly determines the strength of mass transfer and electrochemical reactions. Therefore, exploring the mechanism of increasing the specific surface area of electrodes is crucial for the design of electrode structures. In this paper, the electrochemical characteristics and mass transport of an HT-PEMFC are investigated based on a three-dimensional single-channel model, and a mathematical model of the fin structure on the electrode surface is established to make comparisons with calculations. The results indicate that the oxygen mole concentration decreases with an increase in fin density. Meanwhile, the fuel cell reaches optimal performance at a low operating voltage and in high fin density conditions. In addition, the output performance of the PEMFC increases with the aspect ratio. Finally, the potential distribution of the simulation results coincides with the theoretical model, and the mechanism of electrode polarization on the performance of fin geometry can significantly support the interpretation of kinetic characteristics obtained from simulations. The research result contributes to the efficient design and preparation of future electrode structures of HT-PEMFCs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technology in Lithium-Ion Batteries: Prospects and Challenges)
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15 pages, 3873 KiB  
Article
Optimal Blend Between Fluorinated Esters and Fluorinated Ether for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Cells at High Voltage
by Yong Sheng, Bo Liu, Junjiang He, Maoyong Zhi and Dongxu Ouyang
Materials 2025, 18(2), 274; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18020274 - 9 Jan 2025
Viewed by 652
Abstract
An experimental investigation is conducted to identify the optimal blend of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), 3,3,3-trifluoropropylene carbonate (TFEC), and various fluorinated ethers, including 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether (HFE), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (TTE), and bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ether (BTE), to enhance the performances of lithium-ion cells at high voltage. The [...] Read more.
An experimental investigation is conducted to identify the optimal blend of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), 3,3,3-trifluoropropylene carbonate (TFEC), and various fluorinated ethers, including 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether (HFE), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (TTE), and bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ether (BTE), to enhance the performances of lithium-ion cells at high voltage. The cell incorporating TTE exhibits a significantly superior capacity for retention after long-term cycling at 4.5 V, which might be attributed to the improved kinetics of lithium ions and the generation of a thin, reliable, and inorganic-rich electrode–electrolyte interface. This enhancement facilitates greater lithium ion mobility within the cell, while effectively suppressing active lithium loss and side reactions between the electrodes and electrolytes at elevated voltages. Furthermore, the cell with TTE demonstrates a superior rate capability and high-temperature performance. As a result of the inherent safety characteristics of these all-fluorinated electrolytes, cells using these formulations show excellent safety properties under typical abuse scenarios. Except at elevated temperatures, none of the cells undergo thermal runaway when subjected to mechanical or electrical abuse, and there are minimal differences in safety performance across the different formulations. Considering electrochemical performance, safety, and cost factors, it can be concluded that TTE might be more optimal to cooperate with FEC and TFEC for high-performance high-voltage cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technology in Lithium-Ion Batteries: Prospects and Challenges)
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