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Numerical Modeling and Dynamic Analysis of Composite Materials
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Numerical Modeling and Dynamic Analysis of Composite Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Composites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2025) | Viewed by 9018

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marcos Rodríguez Millán

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Carlos III of Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés, MD, Spain
Interests: ballistic; impact; simulations; aramid; UHMWPE; combat helmet; armor; composites; metals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Anand Pai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
Department of Aeronautical and Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
Interests: blast/shockwave impact; finite element analysis; fiber–metal laminates; composites; metals and metal matrix composites

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In modern day applications across various industries, such as aerospace, automotive, sports equipment, electronics, medical, dentistry, and military, composite materials have risen to prominence as the preferred choice for materials designers. These materials offer a diverse range of possibilities as they can be tailored, both in terms of type as well as scale, by altering the matrix material and the reinforcement or fillers. This flexibility, however, presents engineers and designers with numerous challenges in achieving the desired mix of mechanical, tribological, electrical, and corrosion-resistant properties. The matrix materials can encompass metals, polymers, ceramics, and carbon, while the selection of fibers and fillers seems limitless. Researchers often seek inspiration from naturally occurring composites perfected over millions of years, attempting to mimic their composition and internal structures. However, integrating biomimetic principles into composite materials proves to be particularly demanding, especially when striving to align fabrication and manufacturing techniques appropriately.

To address these complexities, computational tools have emerged as invaluable aids, offering substantial savings in time, effort, resources, and trial-and-error iterations. These tools empower designers to optimize the ideal combination of factors such as fiber volume fraction, filler volume fraction, and particle size and dispersion, while ensuring the desired directional properties of the resulting materials. A variety of finite element tools can be used, enabling the construction of composites from the representative volume element (RVE) stage. These can be effectively harnessed to predict the overall response of the composites under diverse loading conditions such as tensile or compressive stress, fatigue, impact, fluid–structure interactions, and bending, shear, and torsional forces.

The objective of this Special Issue is to unify the advanced numerical and analytical methodologies used to understand the characteristics of diverse composite materials under a single comprehensive framework, offering immense value to the scientific community and the industry at large.

Dr. Marcos Rodríguez Millán
Guest Editor

Dr. Anand Pai
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • composite materials and structures
  • fiber–metal laminates
  • ceramic–metal laminates
  • multi-layered sandwich structures
  • finite element analysis
  • micro-mechanics of composites
  • multiscale modeling
  • dynamic analysis
  • material homogenization techniques

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 13768 KiB  
Article
Cyclic Fatigue Failure of Perforated 3D-Printed Polylactide (PLA) Specimens by Inserted Pin Loading
by J. S. Hertel, Y. W. Kwon and D. Sachau
Materials 2024, 17(22), 5394; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17225394 - 5 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1017
Abstract
The failure of 3D-printed Polylactide (PLA) specimens with circular holes was studied under tensile and cyclic loading, respectively, by an inserted pin. Experiments were conducted for the perforated PLA specimens with various print angles from 0° to 90°, as well as [0°/90°]s and [...] Read more.
The failure of 3D-printed Polylactide (PLA) specimens with circular holes was studied under tensile and cyclic loading, respectively, by an inserted pin. Experiments were conducted for the perforated PLA specimens with various print angles from 0° to 90°, as well as [0°/90°]s and [0°/±45°/90°]s. The hole locations varied along the specimens. The PLA specimens showed two different failure modes: one through the print lines and the other between the print lines. Different print angles resulted in different tensile failure stresses under pin loading. The cyclic tests of different print angles showed very similar S-N data as the applied stresses were normalized to their tensile failure stresses if the failure mode was through the print lines. On the other hand, cyclic failure between print lines showed distinctly separated S-N data, even with the normalized applied stresses. The tensile failure stresses, failure locations, and orientations were successfully predicted using the failure criterion that is based on both stress and stress gradient conditions. A proposed mathematical interpolation equation provided good estimations of the tensile failure stresses and S-N curves of specimens with different print angles once the failure stresses were known for the 0° to 90° specimens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Modeling and Dynamic Analysis of Composite Materials)
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35 pages, 20307 KiB  
Article
An Enhanced Progressive Damage Model for Laminated Fiber-Reinforced Composites Using the 3D Hashin Failure Criterion: A Multi-Level Analysis and Validation
by Yichen Zhang, Wim Van Paepegem and Wouter De Corte
Materials 2024, 17(21), 5176; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17215176 - 24 Oct 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2158
Abstract
This paper presents a progressive damage model (PDM) based on the 3D Hashin failure criterion within the ABAQUS/ExplicitTM 2021 framework via a VUMAT subroutine, enhancing the characterization of the mechanical performance and damage evolution in the elastic and softening stages of composite [...] Read more.
This paper presents a progressive damage model (PDM) based on the 3D Hashin failure criterion within the ABAQUS/ExplicitTM 2021 framework via a VUMAT subroutine, enhancing the characterization of the mechanical performance and damage evolution in the elastic and softening stages of composite materials via the accurate calculation of damage variables and accommodation of non-monotonic loading conditions. In the subsequent multi-level verification, it is found that the model accurately simulates the primary failure modes at the element level and diminishes the influence of element size, ensuring a reliable behavior representation under non-monotonic loading. At the laminate level, it also accurately forecasts the elastic behavior and damage evolution in open-hole lamina and laminates, demonstrating the final crack band at ultimate failure. This paper also emphasizes the importance of correct characteristic length selection and how to minimize mesh size impact by selecting appropriate values. Compared to ABAQUS’s built-in 2D model, the 3D VUMAT subroutine shows superior accuracy and effectiveness, proving its value in characterizing the mechanical behavior and damage mechanisms of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials. The enhanced 3D PDM accurately characterizes the softening processes in composite materials under simple or complex stress states during monotonic or non-monotonic loading, effectively minimizes the mesh dependency, and reasonably captures failure crack bands, making it suitable for future simulations and resolutions of numerical issues in composite material models under complex, three-dimensional stress states. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Modeling and Dynamic Analysis of Composite Materials)
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16 pages, 5840 KiB  
Article
Research on Dynamic Response under the External Impact of Paper Honeycomb Sandwich Board
by Lehao Lin, Jingjing Hu, Danyang Li, Gaimei Zhang, Hui Liu, Xiaoli Song, Jiandong Lu and Jiazi Shi
Materials 2024, 17(8), 1856; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081856 - 17 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1504
Abstract
The dynamic mechanical behavior and cushioning performance of honeycomb sandwich panels, which are extensively employed in product cushioning packaging due to their exceptional energy absorption capabilities, were examined using a combination of experimental and numerical methods. Several factors, such as maximum acceleration–static stress, [...] Read more.
The dynamic mechanical behavior and cushioning performance of honeycomb sandwich panels, which are extensively employed in product cushioning packaging due to their exceptional energy absorption capabilities, were examined using a combination of experimental and numerical methods. Several factors, such as maximum acceleration–static stress, cushioning coefficient–static stress, and other curves, were analyzed under various impact conditions. The simulated stress–strain, deformation modes, cushioning coefficients, and other parameters demonstrate consistency with the experimental results. The acceleration, maximum compression, and cushioning coefficient obtained from the experiment and simulation calculation were 30.68 g, 15.44 mm, and 2.65, and 31.96 g, 14.91 mm, and 2.79, respectively. The results indicate that all error values were less than 5%, confirming the precision and reliability of the model. Furthermore, the model was utilized to simulate and predict the cushioning performance of honeycomb sandwich panels with different cell structures and paper thicknesses. These results provide a solid basis for enhancing the design of subsequent honeycomb element structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Modeling and Dynamic Analysis of Composite Materials)
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17 pages, 6168 KiB  
Article
An Experimental and Numerical Study on the Influence of Helices of Screw Piles Positions on Their Bearing Capacity in Sandy Soils
by Stanislav Simonenko, José Antonio Loya and Marcos Rodriguez-Millan
Materials 2024, 17(2), 525; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17020525 - 22 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1758
Abstract
Helical piles became a popular foundation technique, and as a result of environmental restrictions, they have become increasingly widely used. However, due to the high cost of experimentation, the influence of the number of helices and their positions on the pile-bearing capacity has [...] Read more.
Helical piles became a popular foundation technique, and as a result of environmental restrictions, they have become increasingly widely used. However, due to the high cost of experimentation, the influence of the number of helices and their positions on the pile-bearing capacity has not been sufficiently studied. The present study performed compression and lateral load tests on helical piles of the same diameter but with one, two, and three round helices in known sandy soil. The results from the experiments are compared with those from numerical simulations that use the mesh-free RBF method and the Winkler–Fuss approach to model how the pile and ground interact. The results are generalized to suggest an engineering equation that can predict the best pile configuration in sandy soil. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Modeling and Dynamic Analysis of Composite Materials)
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15 pages, 8376 KiB  
Article
Mesoscopic Simulation of Core–Shell Composite Powder Materials by Selective Laser Melting
by Tao Bao, Yuanqiang Tan and Yangli Xu
Materials 2023, 16(21), 7005; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16217005 - 1 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1760
Abstract
Mechanical ball milling is used to produce multi-materials for selective laser melting (SLM). However, since different powders have different particle size distributions and densities there is particle segregation in the powder bed, which affects the mechanical properties of the printed part. Core–shell composite [...] Read more.
Mechanical ball milling is used to produce multi-materials for selective laser melting (SLM). However, since different powders have different particle size distributions and densities there is particle segregation in the powder bed, which affects the mechanical properties of the printed part. Core–shell composite powder materials are created and used in the SLM process to solve this issue. Core–shell composite powder materials selective laser melting (CS-SLM) has advanced recently, expanding the range of additive manufacturing applications. Heat storage effects and heat transfer hysteresis in the SLM process are made by the different thermophysical characteristics of the core and the shell material. Meanwhile, the presence of melt flow and migration of unmelted particles in the interaction between unmelted particles and melt complicates the CS-SLM molding process. It is still challenging to investigate the physical mechanisms of CS-SLM through direct experimental observation of the process. In this study, a mesoscopic melt-pool dynamics model for simulating the single-track CS-SLM process is developed. The melting characteristics of nickel-coated tungsten carbide composite powder (WC@Ni) were investigated. It is shown that the powder with a smaller particle size is more likely to form a melt pool, which increases the temperature in the area around it. The impact of process parameters on the size of the melt pool and the distribution of the reinforced particles in the melt pool was investigated. The size of the melt pool is significantly affected more by changes in laser power than by changes in scanning speed. The appropriate control of the laser power or scanning speed can prevent enhanced particle aggregation. This model is capable of simulating CS-SLM with any number of layers and enables a better understanding of the CS-SLM process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Modeling and Dynamic Analysis of Composite Materials)
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