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Updates in Ocular Surgery
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Updates in Ocular Surgery

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Ophthalmology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 44317

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Rodolfo Mastropasqua

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, via dei Vestiti, 31, Chieti, Italy
Interests: ophthalmology; retinal imaging; vitreoretinal diseases; ocular surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

On behalf of the Journal of Clinical Medicine Editorial Team, I am delighted to present a Special Issue on the topic of “Updates in Ocular Surgery”.

The latest technological developments and advanced surgical techniques have radically impacted the daily practice of eye surgeons, with new treatment options making surgery safer, faster, and more precise. Nonetheless, the advent of new diagnostic tools allows a different patient management, with these tools acting as indicators of disease progression and therefore changing the surgical timing and acting as a helpful marker to predict the postoperative outcome.

This Special Issue aims at creating a multidisciplinary forum of discussion about the role of diagnostic and surgical procedures in the different subfields of ophthalmology.

The published papers will describe new developments in these areas. This Special Issue accepts high-quality articles containing original research results as well as review articles of exceptional merit.

Prof. Rodolfo Mastropasqua
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Ocular surgery
  • Ocular imaging
  • Ocular diagnostic tools
  • Anterior segment surgery
  • Cornea
  • Cataract
  • Glaucoma
  • Strabismus
  • Retina
  • Vitreoretinal diseases
  • Ocular trauma

Published Papers (19 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 442 KiB  
Article
Modified Target Angle as a Predictor of Success in Strabismus Management after Orbital Fracture
by Chih-Kang Hsu, Meng-Wei Hsieh, Hsu-Chieh Chang, Yi-Hao Chen and Ke-Hung Chien
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(2), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11020287 - 06 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1485
Abstract
Surgery for strabismus secondary to orbital fracture reconstruction surgery has had low success rates and high reoperation rates due to its incomitant nature and complex underlying mechanisms. There has been no consensus as to which of the various methods for improving the surgical [...] Read more.
Surgery for strabismus secondary to orbital fracture reconstruction surgery has had low success rates and high reoperation rates due to its incomitant nature and complex underlying mechanisms. There has been no consensus as to which of the various methods for improving the surgical results are best. We proposed a modified target angle criteria that combined the regular target angle and a favorable Hess area ratio percentage (HAR%) threshold to evaluate surgical results within the first postoperative week and conducted a retrospective chart review. According to the criteria of the modified target angle at the first postoperative week, a total of 63 patients were divided into two groups: Group 1, patients who fulfilled the criteria (49 patients); and Group 2, those who did not (14 patients). Sex, type of fracture, and the use of porous polyethylene sheets and titanium mesh during reconstruction surgery were significantly different between the groups. Group 1 showed a significantly higher percentage of patients who met the criteria of HAR% > 65% at the first week and >85% (i.e., a successful outcome) at the 6-month visit (p < 0.01). Additionally, Group 1 had a higher HAR% at the first postoperative week (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the patients meeting the criteria of the modified target angle at the first postoperative week had a favorable outcome at the 6-month visit in both ocular alignment and ocular movement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates in Ocular Surgery)
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10 pages, 434 KiB  
Article
Ultrasound Cyclo Plasty for Treatment of Surgery-Naïve Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients: A Prospective, Multicenter, 2-Year Follow-Up Trial
by Michele Figus, Chiara Posarelli, Marco Nardi, Ingeborg Stalmans, Evelien Vandewalle, Shlomo Melamed, Alon Skaat, Ari Leshno, David Cordeiro Sousa and Luis Abegão Pinto
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(21), 4982; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10214982 - 27 Oct 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2018
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Ultrasound Cyclo Plasty (UCP) procedure using high-intensity focused ultrasound in surgery-naïve open-angle glaucoma patients. Methods: prospective, non-randomized, single-arm, multicenter clinical trial. Sixty-six eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma, [...] Read more.
Background: The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Ultrasound Cyclo Plasty (UCP) procedure using high-intensity focused ultrasound in surgery-naïve open-angle glaucoma patients. Methods: prospective, non-randomized, single-arm, multicenter clinical trial. Sixty-six eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma, intraocular pressure (IOP) ≥21 mmHg and with no history of filtering surgery were enrolled. Patients were treated by UCP with a therapy probe comprising six piezoelectric transducers, consecutively activated for 8 s each. Complete ophthalmic examination was performed before the procedure, 1 day after the procedure, and 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after the procedure. Primary outcomes were complete success (defined as IOP lowering from baseline ≥20% without additional glaucoma medications) and vision-threatening complications. Secondary outcomes were the presence of complications and the reduction of the number of medications used. Results: IOP was significantly reduced after one procedure (p < 0.05), from a mean pre-operative value of 24.3 ± 2.9 mmHg (n = 2.3 hypotensive medications) to a mean value of 15.9 ± 3.6 mmHg (n = 2.2 hypotensive medications) at 2 years (mean IOP lowering of 33%). Surgical success was achieved in 74% of eyes. Notwithstanding side effects such as transient anterior chamber inflammation, refractive error changes, transient hypotony and macular edema, no major intra or post-operative complications such as phthisis, induced cataract, neovascularization or significant vision loss were observed. Conclusions: Ultrasound Cyclo Plasty is a valuable, effective and well-tolerated procedure to lower IOP in patients with open-angle glaucoma without previous filtering surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates in Ocular Surgery)
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9 pages, 985 KiB  
Article
Chord Mu (µ) and Chord Alpha (α) Length Changes in Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy before and after Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) Surgery
by Carlos Rocha-de-Lossada, José-María Sánchez-González, Davide Borroni, Víctor Llorens-Bellés, Rahul Rachwani-Anil, Josep Torras-Sanvicens, Vito Romano and Jorge Peraza-Nieves
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(21), 4844; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10214844 - 21 Oct 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2248
Abstract
This paper will evaluate chord mu and alpha length in patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and its changes following Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). Patients with FECD that underwent DMEK surgery were included in this retrospective study. Scheimpflug Tomography was carried [...] Read more.
This paper will evaluate chord mu and alpha length in patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and its changes following Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). Patients with FECD that underwent DMEK surgery were included in this retrospective study. Scheimpflug Tomography was carried out in order to calculate chord mu and chord alpha lengths prior to surgery and at 3 and 12 months postoperative. This study included 27 eyes from 27 patients. Significant changes in chord mu were observed within the first three months (from 0.47 ± 0.32 to 0.29 ± 0.21 mm, p < 0.01) and remained stable 12 months postoperative (0.30 ± 0.21 mm, p > 0.05). However, chord alpha remained stable throughout the 12 months post surgery (from 0.53 ± 0.19 to 0.49 ± 0.14 mm, p > 0.05). In addition to the pupillary center distance from the corneal center (from 0.35 ± 0.25 to 0.34 ± 0.20 mm, p > 0.05) also remain stable. In FECD patients undergoing DMEK surgery, chord mu length decreased, and chord alpha length remained stable after 12 months of follow-up. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates in Ocular Surgery)
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9 pages, 2829 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Modified Graded Recession, Anteriorization and Myectomy of Inferior Oblique Muscles on Superior Oblique Muscle Palsy
by Yu-Te Huang, Jamie Jiin-Yi Chen, Ming-Yen Wu, Peng-Tai Tien, Yung-Ping Tsui, Yi-Ching Hsieh, Hui-Ju Lin and Lei Wan
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(19), 4433; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10194433 - 27 Sep 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3278
Abstract
Background: The aim was to investigate the effect of inferior oblique (IO) operation (IO myectomy or graded recession and anteriorization) for unilateral and bilateral superior oblique muscle palsy (SOP); Methods: A total of 167 eyes undergoing IO surgery by a single surgeon between [...] Read more.
Background: The aim was to investigate the effect of inferior oblique (IO) operation (IO myectomy or graded recession and anteriorization) for unilateral and bilateral superior oblique muscle palsy (SOP); Methods: A total of 167 eyes undergoing IO surgery by a single surgeon between 2008 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The method for treating symmetric bilateral SOP was bilateral IO myectomy (n = 102) and the method for treating unilateral SOP or non-symmetric bilateral SOP was IO-graded recession and anteriorization (n = 65). Associated clinical results and other factors were analyzed; Results: Head tilt, vertical deviation, IO overaction, SO underaction degree and ocular torsion angle were all clearly changed, but there was no statistically significance between these two procedures. Mean preoperative torsional angle was 15.3 ± 6.4 degree, which decreased to 5.3 ± 2.7 degree after surgery. Preoperative torsional angle, IOOA and SOUA degree were all significantly affected in postoperative torsional angle (p = 0.025, 0.003 and 0.038). Horizontal rectus muscle and IO muscle operation did not interfere with each other’s results (p = 0.98); Conclusions: Symmetric bilateral SOP could be treated with bilateral IO myectomy and IO-graded recession and anteriorization should be reserved for unilateral SOP or non-symmetric bilateral SOP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates in Ocular Surgery)
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11 pages, 292 KiB  
Article
Adverse Events during Vitrectomy under Adequacy of Anesthesia—An Additional Report
by Aleksandra Pluta, Michał Jan Stasiowski, Anita Lyssek-Boroń, Seweryn Król, Lech Krawczyk, Ewa Niewiadomska, Jakub Żak, Magdalena Kawka, Dariusz Dobrowolski, Beniamin Oskar Grabarek, Izabela Szumera, Anna Missir, Robert Rejdak and Przemysław Jałowiecki
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(18), 4172; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184172 - 15 Sep 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1705
Abstract
The intraprocedural immobilization of selected subsets of patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) requires the performance of general anesthesia (GA), which entails the intraoperative use of hypnotics and titration of opioids. The Adequacy of Anesthesia (AoA) concept of GA guidance optimizes the intraoperative [...] Read more.
The intraprocedural immobilization of selected subsets of patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) requires the performance of general anesthesia (GA), which entails the intraoperative use of hypnotics and titration of opioids. The Adequacy of Anesthesia (AoA) concept of GA guidance optimizes the intraoperative dosage of hypnotics and opioids. Pre-emptive analgesia (PA) is added to GA to minimize intraoperative opioid (IO) usage. The current additional analysis evaluated the advantages of PA using either COX-3 inhibitors or regional techniques when added to AoA-guided GA on the rate of presence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), oculo-emetic (OER), and oculo-cardiac reflex (OCR) in patients undergoing PPV. A total of 176 patients undergoing PPV were randomly allocated into 5 groups: (1) Group GA, including patients who received general anesthesia alone; (2) Group T, including patients who received preventive topical analgesia by triple instillation of 2% proparacaine 15 min before induction of GA; (3) Group PBB, including patients who received PBB; (4) Group M, including patients who received PA using a single dose of 1 g of metamizole; (5) Group P, including patients who received PA using a single dose of 1 g of acetaminophen. The incidence rates of PONV, OCR, and OER were studied as a secondary outcome. Despite the group allocation, intraoperative AoA-guided GA resulted in an overall incidence of PONV in 9%, OCR in 12%, and OER in none of the patients. No statistically significant differences were found between groups regarding the incidence of OCR. PA using COX-3 inhibitors, as compared to that of the T group, resulted in less overall PONV (p < 0.05). Conclusions: PA using regional techniques in patients undergoing PPV proved to have no advantage when AoA-guided GA was utilised. We recommend using intraoperative AoA-guided GA to reduce the presence of OCR, and the addition of PA using COX-3 inhibitors to reduce the rate of PONV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates in Ocular Surgery)
9 pages, 1513 KiB  
Article
Triggerfish Recording of IOP Patterns in Combined HFDS Minimally Invasive Glaucoma and Cataract Surgery: A Prospective Study
by Bojan Pajic, Mirko Resan, Brigitte Pajic-Eggspuehler, Horace Massa and Zeljka Cvejic
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(16), 3472; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163472 - 06 Aug 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2342
Abstract
Background: The aim of the study is to investigate whether the circadian IOP rhythm can be influenced by combined cataract surgery with high frequency deep sclerotomy (HFDS) and whether intraocular pressure (IOP) can be significantly reduced by HFDS. Methods: In our study 10 [...] Read more.
Background: The aim of the study is to investigate whether the circadian IOP rhythm can be influenced by combined cataract surgery with high frequency deep sclerotomy (HFDS) and whether intraocular pressure (IOP) can be significantly reduced by HFDS. Methods: In our study 10 patients were included, in whom 24 h IOP monitoring was installed before and after HFDS/cataract surgery using a Triggerfish. HFDS is a minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS). Results: After performed HFDS combined with cataract surgery, the IOP was reduced from 27.7 ± 2.11 mmHg to 14.4 ± 2.59 mmHg, which is highly significant (p < 0.001). The contact lens sensor (CLS) cosinor analysis pre- and postoperatively showed that the circadian rhythm is not influenced by the surgery, i.e., the circadian IOP rhythm did not show significant differences before and after surgery. Conclusions: HFDS combined with cataract surgery is a potent surgical method that can significantly reduce the IOP. However, the circadian rhythm cannot be changed by the surgery. The acrophase remained during the night in all patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates in Ocular Surgery)
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7 pages, 1044 KiB  
Article
Limbal Approach Phacovitrectomy to Treat Cataract with Clinically Significant Asteroid Hyalosis—Presentation of the Technique and Preliminary Results
by Agnieszka Rozegnał-Madej, Aleksandra Wlaź and Tomasz Żarnowski
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(15), 3338; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10153338 - 28 Jul 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1558
Abstract
Purpose: To assess preliminarily the efficacy and safety of a relatively new surgical modification of phacovitrectomy in eyes with cataract and visually significant asteroid hyalosis (AH). Materials and methods: Prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series of six eyes of six patients (mean age 75.6 [...] Read more.
Purpose: To assess preliminarily the efficacy and safety of a relatively new surgical modification of phacovitrectomy in eyes with cataract and visually significant asteroid hyalosis (AH). Materials and methods: Prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series of six eyes of six patients (mean age 75.6 years; 1 woman, 5 men) with cataract and visually significant AH treated with a novel surgical technique—a phacoemulsification with anterior vitrectomy through posterior capsulorhexis and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Main outcome measures were: best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), IOL centration, complications. Mean follow-up was 39.17 ± 4.31 months. Results: The mean BCVA (Snellen) improved from 0.26 ± 0.18 to 0.73 ± 0.33 at the end of the follow-up. IOP was in the normal range, and no problems with IOL fixation were observed at the end of the follow-up. No post-operative complications, retinal detachment, retinal tears, macular edema or prolonged inflammation were observed. Conclusions: The presented new surgical technique seems to be a safe and efficacious method to treat cataract with visually significant asteroid hyalosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates in Ocular Surgery)
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8 pages, 504 KiB  
Article
Risk Factors for Orbital Implant Extrusion after Evisceration
by Ju-Mi Kim, Jae-Yun Sung, Hyung-Bin Lim, Eun-Jung Choi and Sung-Bok Lee
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(15), 3329; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10153329 - 28 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2145
Abstract
This study analyzed risk factors for extrusion of orbital implants after evisceration by comparing patients with and without implant extrusion. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent evisceration with primary implant placement by a single surgeon from January 2005 [...] Read more.
This study analyzed risk factors for extrusion of orbital implants after evisceration by comparing patients with and without implant extrusion. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent evisceration with primary implant placement by a single surgeon from January 2005 to December 2019 at the Chungnam National University Hospital. Age, sex, underlying systemic diseases, axial length of the fellow eye, the cause of evisceration, endophthalmitis type, implant type and size, and preoperative computed tomography findings were evaluated. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for implant extrusion. Results: Of the 140 eyes of 140 patients, extrusion occurred in five eyes (3.6%). Endophthalmitis (odds ratio (OR), 15.49; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.70 to 2038.56; p = 0.010), endogenous endophthalmitis (OR, 18.73; 95% CI, 3.22 to 125.21, p = 0.002), orbital cellulitis (OR, 320.54; 95% CI, 29.67 to 44801.64; p < 0.001), implant size (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.79; p = 0.004), and hydroxyapatite for the implant (OR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.66; p = 0.016) were risk factors for implant extrusion in univariate logistic regression analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified orbital cellulitis as the only risk factor for extrusion (OR, 52.98; 95% CI, 2.18 to 15367.34; p = 0.009). Conclusions: Evisceration with primary orbital implantation is a feasible option in endophthalmitis, but the risk of extrusion should be taken into consideration. When performing evisceration in a patient with orbital cellulitis, secondary implantation should be carried out only after any infection is controlled. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates in Ocular Surgery)
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9 pages, 229 KiB  
Article
Double-Needle Yamane Technique Using Flanged Haptics in Ocular Trauma—A Retrospective Survey of Visual Outcomes and Safety
by Katarzyna Nowomiejska, Dariusz Haszcz, Maksymilian Onyszkiewicz, Tomasz Choragiewicz, Aleksandra Czarnek-Chudzik, Agata Szpringer-Wabicz, Katarzyna Baltaziak, Agnieszka Brzozowska, Mario Damiano Toro and Robert Rejdak
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(12), 2562; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10122562 - 09 Jun 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2073
Abstract
To evaluate visual outcomes and safety of the double-needle technique using flanged haptics (Yamane technique) in patients with aphakia caused by ocular trauma at a trauma referral center. Retrospective: Consecutive interventional case series of 30 patients who underwent the Yamane technique due to [...] Read more.
To evaluate visual outcomes and safety of the double-needle technique using flanged haptics (Yamane technique) in patients with aphakia caused by ocular trauma at a trauma referral center. Retrospective: Consecutive interventional case series of 30 patients who underwent the Yamane technique due to posttraumatic aphakia. The double-needle technique using flanged haptics was combined with anterior vitrectomy (group A) in 14 patients, and with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) (group B) due to retinal detachment, nucleus dislocation into the vitreous cavity, or intraocular lens (IOL) displacement in 16 patients. No intraoperative complications were noted. There was significant improvement in the visual acuity in both groups at the second postoperative visit. However, the visual acuity was significantly worse in the group treated with the Yamane technique combined with PPV. Silicone oil tamponade in PPV group was associated with worse visual acuity, whereas post lensectomy status was associated with poor visual function result in the anterior vitrectomy group. There was one case of slight IOL decentration and one retinal detachment during the postoperative follow-up period in the group with PPV. In this case series, the Yamane technique applied in traumatized eyes was found to be an efficacious and safe procedure. Combining the Yamane technique with PPV due to posterior segment ocular trauma was associated with worse functional results in the follow-up at three months. Further studies with longer follow-up evaluations are required to verify long-term complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates in Ocular Surgery)
9 pages, 993 KiB  
Article
Cataract Surgery with Intraocular Lens Implantation in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Uveitis: Outcomes in the Era of Biological Therapy
by Elena Bolletta, Marco Coassin, Danilo Iannetta, Valentina Mastrofilippo, Raffaella Aldigeri, Alessandro Invernizzi, Luca de Simone, Fabrizio Gozzi, Alessandro De Fanti, Michela Cappella, Chantal Adani, Alberto Neri, Antonio Moramarco, Michele De Maria, Carlo Salvarani, Luigi Fontana and Luca Cimino
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(11), 2437; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112437 - 31 May 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2928
Abstract
This study compared the outcomes of cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-associated chronic anterior uveitis treated with antimetabolite drugs and systemic corticosteroids (Non-Biological Group) versus patients treated with antimetabolites and biological drugs (Biological Group). A [...] Read more.
This study compared the outcomes of cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-associated chronic anterior uveitis treated with antimetabolite drugs and systemic corticosteroids (Non-Biological Group) versus patients treated with antimetabolites and biological drugs (Biological Group). A cohort of patients with cataract in JIA-associated uveitis undergoing phacoemulsification with IOL implantation was retrospectively evaluated. The main outcome was a change in corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) in the two groups. Ocular and systemic complications were also recorded. The data were collected preoperatively and at 1, 12, and 48 months after surgery. Thirty-two eyes of 24 children were included: 10 eyes in the Non-Biological Group and 22 eyes in the Biological Group. The mean CDVA improved from 1.19 ± 0.72 logMAR preoperatively to 0.98 ± 0.97 logMAR at 48 months (p = 0.45) in the Non-Biological Group and from 1.55 ± 0.91 logMAR preoperatively to 0.57 ± 0.83 logMAR at 48 months (p = 0.001) in the Biological Group. The postoperative complications, including synechiae, cyclitic membrane, IOL explantation, glaucoma, and macular edema, were not statistically different between the two groups. An immunosuppressive treatment with biological drugs can improve the visual outcome after cataract surgery in patients with JIA-associated uveitis, but it does not significantly reduce postoperative ocular complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates in Ocular Surgery)
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9 pages, 13025 KiB  
Article
Secondary Sutureless Posterior Chamber Lens Implantation with Two Specifically Designed IOLs: Iris Claw Lens versus Sutureless Trans-Scleral Plugs Fixated Lens
by Daniel Seknazi, Donato Colantuono, Rachid Tahiri, Francesca Amoroso, Alexandra Miere and Eric H. Souied
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(10), 2216; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10102216 - 20 May 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2803
Abstract
Background. The management of patients with aphakia and/or lack of capsular support remains debated. The sutureless posterior chamber IOL (PCIOL) fixation is a very useful surgical option. The purpose of the study was to compare the early outcomes as well as post-operative best [...] Read more.
Background. The management of patients with aphakia and/or lack of capsular support remains debated. The sutureless posterior chamber IOL (PCIOL) fixation is a very useful surgical option. The purpose of the study was to compare the early outcomes as well as post-operative best corrected visual acuity, refractive errors and complications of two different techniques of sutureless PCIOL secondary implantation. Methods. Patients who underwent secondary implantation from December 2019 to January 2021 in the Department of Ophthalmology of Creteil Hospital, and in the Granville Ophthalmology Center, were retrospectively included. Eyes implanted with the iris claw lens (Artisan Aphakia IOL model 205, Ophtec BV, Groningen, The Netherlands) were included in group 1, and eyes implanted with a newly developed sutureless trans-scleral plugs fixated lens (STSPFL, Carlevale lens, Soleko, Pontecorvo, Italy) were included in group 2. Results. Twenty-two eyes of 22 patients were enrolled in group 1, and twenty eyes of 20 patients in group 2. No difference was found in visual acuity between two groups (0.35 +/− 0.29 logmar for group 1 and 0.23 +/− 0.51 logmar for group 2) (p = 0.15) at mean post-operative follow up (6.19 +/− 3.44 months for group 1 and 6.42 +/− 3.96 months for group 2) (p = 0.13). Both the mean refractive error (MRE) and induced astigmatism (IA) were greater in group 1 compared to group 2, respectively: the MRE was 0.99 +/− 0.57 vs. 0.46 +/− 0.36 (p < 0.01), and IA was 1.72 +/− 0.96 vs. 0.72 +/− 0.52 (p < 0.01). Conclusions. No significant differences in terms of the recovery of visual acuity were found between the two groups. Group 2 (STPFL) gives better results in our sample due to less post-operative induced astigmatism and less refractive error. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates in Ocular Surgery)
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8 pages, 223 KiB  
Article
Efficacy and Safety of Inhalation Sedation during Office Probing for Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
by Chunghyun Lee, Su-Min Jeong, Gye Jung Kim, Eun-Young Joo, Myung Hee Song and Ho-Seok Sa
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(8), 1800; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081800 - 20 Apr 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1675
Abstract
We compared the effectiveness of inhaled sevoflurane versus physical restraint during probing in children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO). We performed a retrospective review of children with CNLDO who underwent office probing procedures by a single surgeon under sedation or restraint. Patients’ [...] Read more.
We compared the effectiveness of inhaled sevoflurane versus physical restraint during probing in children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO). We performed a retrospective review of children with CNLDO who underwent office probing procedures by a single surgeon under sedation or restraint. Patients’ characteristics at the time of probing, including age, sex, laterality, previous non-surgical treatment, presence of dacryocystitis, outcomes of probing, and complications were compared between the sedation and restraint groups. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the prognostic factors associated with the success of probing. A subgroup analysis by 12 months of age was also conducted. The overall success rate was 88.6% in 202 eyes of 180 consecutive children (mean age, 15.1 ± 7.7 months). The sedation group had a marginally higher success rates than the restraint group (93.8% vs. 85.1%, p = 0.056). The success rate was not significantly different between the two groups in children aged <12 months (90.9% vs. 93.1%, p = 0.739), but it was significantly higher in the sedation group (94.7% vs. 77.8%. p = 0.006) in children aged ≥12 months. Inhalation sedation was the most potent factor associated with success (adjusted odds ratio = 5.56, 95% confidence interval = 1.33–23.13, p = 0.018) in children aged ≥12 months. There were no surgical or sedation-related complications intra- and postoperatively. Inhaled sevoflurane sedation resulted in more successful, controlled, painless probing, particularly in children aged ≥12 months. It represents a safe, efficient alternative to general anesthesia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates in Ocular Surgery)
10 pages, 261 KiB  
Article
Visual Quality and Subjective Satisfaction in Ultrathin Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (UT-DSAEK) versus Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK): A Fellow-Eye Comparison
by Josep Torras-Sanvicens, Irene Blanco-Domínguez, José-María Sánchez-González, Rahul Rachwani-Anil, Juan-Felipe Spencer, Noelia Sabater-Cruz, Jorge Peraza-Nieves and Carlos Rocha-de-Lossada
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(3), 419; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10030419 - 22 Jan 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1834
Abstract
Background: To analyze objective and subjective visual quality differences between descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) and ultra-thin descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (UT-DSAEK) with a paired contralateral-eye design. Methods: A cross-sectional, comparative, and observational case series study between DMEK and UT-DSAEK were presented. [...] Read more.
Background: To analyze objective and subjective visual quality differences between descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) and ultra-thin descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (UT-DSAEK) with a paired contralateral-eye design. Methods: A cross-sectional, comparative, and observational case series study between DMEK and UT-DSAEK were presented. Visual acuity, refractive status and corneal quality assessment were compared between both endothelial keratoplasty techniques. The sample consisted of 20 eyes (10 patients) diagnosed with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. All measurements were performed preoperatively and at six months after surgery. Analyzed data included the measurement of objective scattering index, modulation transfer function, Strehl ratio, and optical quality assessment (OQAS) values. Contrast sensitivity, subjective patient satisfaction, visual acuity, tomography, pachymetry, endothelial cell count, and refraction status were also analyzed. Results: Objective and subjective visual quality variables had similar results among UT-DSAEK and DMEK procedures. Statistically significant differences favoring DMEK against UT-DSAEK were found in endothelial cell density (658.80 ± 139.33 and 1059.00 ± 421.84 cells/mm2, respectively), pachymetry (621.20 ± 33.74 and 529.70 ± 30.00 µm, respectively), and follow-up (45.50 ± 24.76 and 15.50 ± 8.43 months, respectively). Conclusions: UT-DSAEK and DMEK revealed no differences in terms of objective and subjective visual quality. However, DMEK showed a faster recovery during the follow-up, increased endothelial cell density, lower pachymetry, and a more anatomical posterior keratometry against UT-DSAEK in this case series paired-eye study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates in Ocular Surgery)
16 pages, 736 KiB  
Article
Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C According to Concentration: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial
by Bo Ram Seol, Sang Yoon Lee, Yu Jeong Kim, Young Kook Kim, Jin Wook Jeoung and Ki Ho Park
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(1), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10010059 - 26 Dec 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2740
Abstract
(1) Background: Mitomycin C (MMC) is commonly used during trabeculectomy. However, there is no consensus on which concentration should be used. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of 0.2 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL of MMC in eyes undergoing trabeculectomy. (2) Methods: [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Mitomycin C (MMC) is commonly used during trabeculectomy. However, there is no consensus on which concentration should be used. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of 0.2 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL of MMC in eyes undergoing trabeculectomy. (2) Methods: Thirty-six eyes (36 glaucoma patients) were randomized to undergo a trabeculectomy with 0.2 mg/mL or 0.4 mg/mL of MMC. The success rate was evaluated according to three criteria: (A) intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤ 18 mmHg and IOP reduction ≥ 20%; (B) IOP ≤ 15 mmHg and IOP reduction ≥ 25%; (C) IOP ≤ 12 mmHg and IOP reduction ≥ 30%. Cox’s proportional hazard model was used to identify the predictive factors for failure. Immunohistochemical procedures for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) were performed on Tenon’s tissue. Bleb morphology was evaluated. Safety was assessed based on the incidence of complications. (3) Results: Of the 36 eyes, 19 underwent trabeculectomy with 0.2 mg/mL of MMC and 17 with 0.4 mg/mL. The success rates were 75%, 67%, and 47% at 6 months for criteria A, B, and C, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups. High MMP-9 staining and low preoperative IOP were associated with failure (hazard ratio (HR), 5.556; p = 0.033, and HR, 0.936; p = 0.033). Complications included hypotony in two eyes (6%), hyphema in one eye (3%), and choroidal detachment in one eye (3%). (4) Conclusions: Trabeculectomy with 0.2 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL of MMC showed similar IOP-control effects to those recorded in previous studies, along with a low rate of complications. There was no significant difference in efficacy or safety between the 0.2 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL MMC groups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates in Ocular Surgery)
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15 pages, 14464 KiB  
Article
In Vivo Confocal Microscopy of the Corneal-Conjunctival Transition in the Evaluation of Epithelial Renewal after SLET
by Emilio Pedrotti, Chiara Chierego, Tiziano Cozzini, Tommaso Merz, Neil Lagali, Alessandra De Gregorio, Adriano Fasolo, Erika Bonacci, Jacopo Bonetto and Giorgio Marchini
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(11), 3574; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113574 - 06 Nov 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2566
Abstract
Examination of the corneal surface by in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) allows for objective identification of corneal and conjunctival cell phenotypes to evaluate different epithelialization patterns. Detection of a corneal-conjunctival epithelial transition could be considered as a sign of restored epithelial function following [...] Read more.
Examination of the corneal surface by in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) allows for objective identification of corneal and conjunctival cell phenotypes to evaluate different epithelialization patterns. Detection of a corneal-conjunctival epithelial transition could be considered as a sign of restored epithelial function following simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET). This is a prospective, interventional case series. We assessed patients with limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) by IVCM, preoperatively and at monthly intervals following SLET. Sectors in the central and peripheral cornea were scanned. Immediately upon detection of multi-layered cells with the epithelial phenotype in the central cornea and confirmation of epithelial transition in all corneal sectors, the decision for keratoplasty was taken. Ten patients were enrolled. After SLET, epithelial phenotype in the central cornea and an epithelial transition were identified within six and nine months in seven and one patients, respectively. One patient was a partial success and one failed. Five patients underwent keratoplasty, with stable results up to 12 months. Identification of the epithelial transition zone by IVCM permits assessment of the efficacy of SLET, enabling subsequent planning of keratoplasty for visual rehabilitation. The stability of the corneal surface following keratoplasty confirms that the renewal of the corneal epithelium was effectively retained. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates in Ocular Surgery)
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7 pages, 19143 KiB  
Article
Retinal Vascular Features in Ocular Blunt Trauma by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
by Daniela Montorio, Luca D’Andrea and Gilda Cennamo
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(10), 3329; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103329 - 16 Oct 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1888
Abstract
In this prospective study, we analysed the changes in retinal vessel density (VD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with commotio retinae up to 6 months after blunt ocular trauma. We analysed the VD in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep [...] Read more.
In this prospective study, we analysed the changes in retinal vessel density (VD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with commotio retinae up to 6 months after blunt ocular trauma. We analysed the VD in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area at 48 h, and 1, 3 and 6 months after the trauma and compared results with those of healthy fellow eyes. We also evaluated the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the structural, spectral domain (SD)-OCT parameters: ganglion cell complex (GCC) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL). A total of 18 eyes of 18 patients (8 males, 10 females, mean age 49.61 ± 9.2 years) and 18 healthy control eyes were evaluated. GCC and RNFL thicknesses showed a significant trend towards progressively lower values from 1 month and 3 months after the trauma, respectively, compared to healthy eyes (p < 0.005). The reduction in SD-OCT parameters reached a plateau at 6 months. Similar behaviour was found in the VD of the SCP and RPC that significantly decreased, starting from 1 and 3 months after the trauma, respectively (p < 0.001). At 6 months, the VD values were stable. The DCP presented an initial decrease of VD (p < 0.001), and after 1 month, the values statistically increased until the sixth month, reaching values similar to those of the control group. The FAZ area and BCVA did not show statistically significant changes during the follow-up. OCTA provided a detailed and quantitative analysis of early retinal vascular perfusion alterations after commotio retinae, demonstrating that the impairment of the retinal microvasculature and its progressive changes over time occurred even in the absence of compromised visual acuity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates in Ocular Surgery)
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10 pages, 3003 KiB  
Article
Visual and Topographic Improvement with Epithelium-On, Oxygen-Supplemented, Customized Corneal Cross-Linking for Progressive Keratoconus
by Kazutaka Kamiya, Shunsuke Kanayama, Masahide Takahashi and Nobuyuki Shoji
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(10), 3222; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103222 - 08 Oct 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2370
Abstract
Customized cross-linking has been proposed as an alternative to conventional cross-linking in patients with progressive keratoconus, targeting greater flattening of the cone region and improved visual function. Epithelium-on cross-linking aims to reduce complications associated with epithelial removal, while the addition of oxygen aims [...] Read more.
Customized cross-linking has been proposed as an alternative to conventional cross-linking in patients with progressive keratoconus, targeting greater flattening of the cone region and improved visual function. Epithelium-on cross-linking aims to reduce complications associated with epithelial removal, while the addition of oxygen aims to maintain treatment effect. Our study evaluates the combination of these novel treatment strategies to achieve a minimally invasive treatment targeting maximal functional outcomes. This prospective study included 42 eyes undergoing epithelium-on, accelerated, oxygen-supplemented, customized corneal cross-linking for progressive keratoconus. Outcome measures, including refraction, visual acuity, and corneal tomography were obtained at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) uncorrected visual acuity was significantly improved, from 0.87 ± 0.53 preoperatively, to 0.78 ± 0.56 1 year postoperatively (Wilcoxon rank sum test, p = 0.016). LogMAR best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was also significantly improved, from 0.19 ± 0.36 preoperatively, to 0.11 ± 0.33 postoperatively (p = 0.004). Manifest refractive cylinder was significantly decreased, from 4.50 ± 2.96 D preoperatively, to 3.27 ± 2.61 D postoperatively (p = 0.004). The baseline maximum keratometry (Kmax) was 53.04 ± 7.91 D, significantly flattening to 52.25 ± 7.31 D by 1 month, and remaining relatively stable at 1 year postoperatively (52.31 ± 7.50 D) (p < 0.001). No significant adverse events occurred in any eye. Epithelium-on, accelerated, oxygen-supplemented, customized corneal cross-linking is a promising new treatment approach, with reduced maximum keratometry, reduced astigmatism, and improved visual acuity at 1 year, with a favorable safety and patient comfort profile. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates in Ocular Surgery)
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12 pages, 1231 KiB  
Article
Safety and Efficacy of Second Ahmed Valve Implant in Refractory Glaucoma
by Chiara Posarelli, Mario Damiano Toro, Robert Rejdak, Tomasz Żarnowski, Dorota Pożarowska, Antonio Longo, Mario Miccoli, Marco Nardi and Michele Figus
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(7), 2039; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072039 - 29 Jun 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2151
Abstract
Background: Refractory glaucoma still represents a challenge for ophthalmologists to manage intraocular pressure. The present study aimed to evaluate long term efficacy and safety of a second Ahmed valve implantation after the failure of a first implant in patients with refractory glaucoma and [...] Read more.
Background: Refractory glaucoma still represents a challenge for ophthalmologists to manage intraocular pressure. The present study aimed to evaluate long term efficacy and safety of a second Ahmed valve implantation after the failure of a first implant in patients with refractory glaucoma and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods: Retrospective, multicenter non-comparative case series. Twenty-eight patients were retrospectively recruited between January 2011 and December 2017. Demographic data, glaucoma type, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, medical therapy, and complications were registered. Three criteria of success were established: Type 1 surgical success: IOP ≤ 15 mmHg and a reduction of IOP ≥ 40% from baseline; Type 2 surgical success: IOP ≤ 18 mmHg and a reduction of IOP ≥ 30% from baseline; and Type 3 surgical success: IOP ≤ 21 mmHg and a reduction of IOP ≥ 20% from baseline. Surgical failure has been established as IOP less than 5 mmHg or over 21 mmHg and less than a 20% reduction of IOP from baseline despite medications in two consecutive visits, light perception loss referable to glaucoma, and the necessity for further glaucoma surgery. Failure was observed in six (21%) patients. (3) Results: Mean IOP and mean glaucoma medication number significantly reduced from baseline after the second implantation, and the surgical success rate at 72 months ranged from 10% to 78% based on the different criteria of success. Failure was observed in six (21%) patients. Conclusions: This study confirmed the safety and efficacy of a second Ahmed valve implantation in patients with refractory glaucoma and elevated IOP at baseline. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates in Ocular Surgery)
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Review

Jump to: Research

11 pages, 1356 KiB  
Review
Applications of the Amniotic Membrane in Vitreoretinal Surgery
by Tomaso Caporossi, Ruggero Tartaro, Daniela Bacherini, Bianca Pacini, Lorenzo De Angelis, Lorenzo Governatori, Laura Di Leo, Leandro Oliverio and Stanislao Rizzo
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(8), 2675; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082675 - 18 Aug 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2814
Abstract
Recently, the use of the human amniotic membrane (hAM) has been extended to treat retinal disorders, such as macular holes that failed to close and retinal tears. The hAM has demonstrated the induction of a recovery process of the external retinal layers involving [...] Read more.
Recently, the use of the human amniotic membrane (hAM) has been extended to treat retinal disorders, such as macular holes that failed to close and retinal tears. The hAM has demonstrated the induction of a recovery process of the external retinal layers involving the external limiting membrane (ELM) and the ellipsoid zone (EZ). After that, the application of the hAM for retinal pathologies was extended to large macular tears, high myopic retinal detachment associated with MH, paravascular tears, serous macular detachment associated with optic pit, complicated retinal detachment and advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The hAM has shown a potential in repairing retinal tissue through a regeneration process. This review aims to highlight the use of the hAM in various vitreo-retinal surgical fields, and to confront it with other cutting-edge surgical techniques used to treat challenging vitreo-retinal pathologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates in Ocular Surgery)
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