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Grand Challenges in the Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiovascular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 October 2025 | Viewed by 2194

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sonu M. M. Bhaskar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
2. Global Health Neurology Lab, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
3. NSW Brain Clot Bank, Sydney, Australia
Interests: cerebrovascular disorders; stroke; biomarkers; cardiovascular diseases; global health; social inequalities in health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue addresses the critical and evolving challenges in diagnosing and managing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which continue to be the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Given the complexity and severity of these conditions, a multidisciplinary approach is essential for improving patient outcomes. This Special Issue encompasses a comprehensive range of topics, including innovative diagnostic techniques, cutting-edge therapeutic strategies, and integrative care models. It highlights advancements in imaging technologies, the development and application of biomarkers, and the integration of AI-driven diagnostic tools. Additionally, this Special Issue explores novel pharmacological treatments, state-of-the-art surgical interventions, and progressive rehabilitation practices. By bringing together pioneering research from leading experts in the field, this Special Issue seeks to foster collaboration and stimulate future breakthroughs. The integration of advanced technologies and innovative therapeutic approaches is expected to significantly enhance the diagnosis, treatment, and management of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Diagnostics.

Dr. Sonu M. M. Bhaskar
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiovascular diseases
  • cerebrovascular diseases
  • diagnosis
  • management
  • imaging
  • biomarkers
  • artificial intelligence
  • therapeutic strategies
  • pharmacology
  • surgery
  • rehabilitation
  • multidisciplinary care

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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14 pages, 1610 KiB  
Article
National Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Mortality from Mechanical Complications of Cardiac Valves and Grafts (1999–2020)
by Ye In Christopher Kwon, David T. Zhu, Alan Lai, Andrew Min-Gi Park, Josue Chery and Zubair A. Hashmi
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(2), 562; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14020562 - 16 Jan 2025
Viewed by 865
Abstract
Background: The volume of cardiac valve and coronary artery revascularization procedures is rising in the United States. This cross-sectional study explores ethnic disparities in mortality in cardiac surgery attributed to mechanical failures of implantable heart valves and coronary artery grafts. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background: The volume of cardiac valve and coronary artery revascularization procedures is rising in the United States. This cross-sectional study explores ethnic disparities in mortality in cardiac surgery attributed to mechanical failures of implantable heart valves and coronary artery grafts. Methods: We used the CDC Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research Multiple Causes of Death database to identify patients whose single cause of death was categorized by complications of cardiovascular prosthetic devices, implants, and grafts (ICD-10 code T82) between 1999 and 2020. The Joinpoint software (version 5.2.0, National Cancer Institute) was used to construct log-linear regression models to estimate the average annual percent changes in age-adjusted mortality (per 100,000). These patterns were compared and stratified by sex, age (0–44, 44–64, and 65 years or older), and US census regions between White, Black, Hispanic, non-Hispanic, American Indian, Alaskan Native, Asian American, and Pacific Islanders. Results: Age-adjusted mortality due to mechanical failures of cardiac implants and grafts declined across ethnicities from 2.21 (95% CI 2.16–2.27) in 1999 to 0.88 (95% CI 0.85–0.91) in 2020. Black populations (1.31 [95% CI 1.20–1.42]), both men (1.56 [95% CI 1.37–1.74]) and women (1.02 [95% CI 0.90–1.15]) experienced higher mortality in 2020 compared to all other ethnicities. This disparity was pronounced in younger groups (age 0–64), wherein age-adjusted mortality among Black populations (0.18 [95% CI 0.13–0.25]) more than doubled that of White populations (0.08 [95% CI 0.06–0.10]). Conclusions: Over the last two decades, age-adjusted mortality due to mechanical complications of cardiovascular implants has declined significantly. However, Black men and women, particularly younger patients, continue to experience higher death rates compared to other ethnicities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grand Challenges in the Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases)
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12 pages, 6688 KiB  
Case Report
Challenging Management of a Rare Complex Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation in the Corpus Callosum and Post-Central Gyrus: A Case Study of a 41-Year-Old Female
by Corneliu Toader, Felix Mircea Brehar, Mugurel Petrinel Radoi, Razvan Adrian Covache-Busuioc, Matei Serban, Alexandru Vladimir Ciurea and Nicolaie Dobrin
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(24), 7494; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247494 - 10 Dec 2024
Viewed by 929
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare but complex vascular anomalies, particularly challenging when located in eloquent regions such as the corpus callosum and post-central gyrus. This report aims to highlight the management and outcomes of a 41-year-old female patient with a hemorrhagic [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare but complex vascular anomalies, particularly challenging when located in eloquent regions such as the corpus callosum and post-central gyrus. This report aims to highlight the management and outcomes of a 41-year-old female patient with a hemorrhagic AVM in these critical areas, emphasizing the importance of early surgical intervention and advanced imaging techniques. Methods: The patient presented with a right-sided tonic–clonic seizure and expressive aphasia, prompting imaging that revealed a complex AVM with deep venous drainage and arterial supply from the anterior cerebral artery. A multidisciplinary team performed microsurgical resection via a left parasagittal fronto-parietal craniotomy. The surgical approach prioritized hematoma evacuation followed by a stepwise dissection of the AVM nidus under intraoperative monitoring. Results: Complete resection of the AVM was confirmed through postoperative angiographic and CT imaging. The patient showed stable recovery over 15 months, with no recurrence or new neurological deficits. This case demonstrates the critical role of advanced imaging, intraoperative strategies, and a multidisciplinary approach in achieving successful outcomes. Conclusions: Microsurgical resection remains the gold standard for AVMs in eloquent and deep-seated brain regions. Early diagnosis and tailored surgical interventions are crucial for managing these high-risk cases. This case underscores the importance of integrating advanced imaging, strategic surgical planning, and intraoperative monitoring to minimize complications and optimize long-term recovery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grand Challenges in the Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases)
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