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New Insights into Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

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A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 September 2024) | Viewed by 8249

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Giuseppe Di Gioia

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Guest Editor

Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, Montevergine Clinic, Mercogliano, Italy
Interests: coronary artery disease; coronary physiology; carotid artery stenting; percutaneous treatment of valvular disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, encompassing a wide range of conditions that span from asymptomatic stable coronary plaque to acute myocardial infarction with hemodynamic or electrical instability.

Pharmaceutical and technological advancements have recently led to a significant improvement in both the medical and interventional treatment of patients with CAD. However, there is still much to do, especially in terms of prevention and in order to improve the long-term outcomes of PCI and stenting.

This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive platform for the dissemination of the latest advancements and discoveries related to CAD. By delving into novel insights, this Special Issue aims to enhance our understanding of the complexities of CAD and promote the translation of scientific discoveries into clinical practice.

In this Special Issue, entitled “New Insights into Coronary Artery Disease”, we invite the submission of manuscripts regarding the latest information on the topic, including original clinical studies and reviews.

Dr. Giuseppe Di Gioia
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

coronary artery disease
chronic coronary syndrome
acute coronary syndrome
percutaneous coronary intervention
cardiac arrest

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1715 KiB

Open AccessArticle

What Can We Learn from the Scalp Hair’s Trace Element Content? The Relationship with the Advancement of Coronary Artery Disease

by Tomasz Urbanowicz, Anetta Hanć, Julia Frąckowiak, Maksymilian Białasik-Misiorny, Zofia Radek, Marta Krama, Krzysztof J. Filipiak, Aleksandra Krasińska-Płachta, Sylwia Iwańczyk, Mariusz Kowalewski, Andrzej Tykarski and Marek Jemielity

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(17), 5260; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175260 - 5 Sep 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 995

Abstract

Background: Multiple risk factors for coronary artery disease have been identified without answering one of the leading questions related to the extent of the involvement of the epicardial arteries. Trace elements are involved in various stages of atherosclerotic lesion formation and may play a significant role in the advancement of coronary artery disease. Methods: A total of 157 (92 (59%) men and 65 (41%) women) patients with a median age of 71 (65–75) years presenting with chronic coronary syndrome were enrolled in the prospective single-center analysis. The coronary angiography results were compared with the concentration of trace elements in scalp hair. Results: Through Spearman analysis, a positive correlation between the number of diseased coronary arteries and hair trace element concentration was found for sodium (r = 0.198, p = 0.013), vanadium (r = 0.164, p = 0.040), chromium (r = 0.242, p = 0.002), and nickel (r = 0.176, p = 0.026). A negative relationship was noted between magnesium (r = −0.237, p = 0.003) and calcium (r = −0.217, p = 0.007) and the extent of epicardial lesions. Conclusions: Scalp hair trace element analysis indicates the possible modulatory role of trace elements in advancing coronary artery disease. Since a significant correlation with one- and two-vessel but not with three-vessel disease was noted, it might be considered an “all or nothing” phenomenon. A positive correlation between the number of diseased coronary arteries and sodium, vanadium, chromium, and nickel and an inverse correlation with magnesium and calcium were noted. The presented analysis is hypothesis-generating, and further studies are necessary to corroborate the results from a clinical perspective. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Coronary Artery Disease (CAD))

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15 pages, 1246 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characterization and Management of Stable Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

by Sofia Sammartino, Giulia Laterra, Thomas Pilgrim, Ignacio J. Amat Santos, Ole De Backer, Won-Keun Kim, Henrique Barbosa Ribeiro, Francesco Saia, Matjaz Bunc, Didier Tchetche, Philippe Garot, Flavio Luciano Ribichini, Darren Mylotte, Francesco Burzotta, Yusuke Watanabe, Francesco Bedogni, Tullio Tesorio, Tobias Rheude, Gennaro Sardella, Marco Tocci, Anna Franzone, Roberto Valvo, Mikko Savontaus, Hendrik Wienemann, Italo Porto, Caterina Gandolfo, Alessandro Iadanza, Alessandro Santo Bortone, Markus Mach, Azeem Latib, Luigi Biasco, Maurizio Taramasso, Federico De Marco, Valentina Frittitta, Elena Dipietro, Claudia Reddavid, Orazio Strazzieri, Silvia Motta, Alessandro Comis, Chiara Melfa, Mariachiara Calì, Carmelo Sgroi, Mohamed Abdel-Wahab, Giulio Stefanini, Corrado Tamburino, Marco Barbanti and Giuliano Costa Show full author list Hide full author list

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(12), 3497; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13123497 - 14 Jun 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1530

Abstract

Background/Objectives: To date, data regarding the characteristics and management of obstructive, stable coronary artery disease (CAD) encountered in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) are sparse. The aim of the study was to analyze granular details, treatment, and outcomes of patients undergoing TAVI with obstructive, stable CAD from real-world practice. Methods: REVASC-TAVI (Management of myocardial REVASCularization in patients undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation with coronary artery disease) is an investigator-initiated, multicenter registry, which collected data from patients undergoing TAVI with obstructive stable CAD found during the pre-TAVI work-up. Results: A total of 2025 patients from 30 centers worldwide with complete follow-up were included in the registry. Most patients had single-vessel CAD (56.1%). An involvement of proximal coronary tracts was detected in 62.5% of cases, with 12.0% of patients having CAD in left main (LM). Most patients received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (n = 1617, 79.9%), especially those with proximal CAD (90.4%). At 2 years, the rates of all-cause death [Kaplan–Meier (KM) estimates 20.1% vs. 18.8%, p_log-rank = 0.86] and of the composite of all-cause death, stroke, myocardial infarction, and rehospitalization for heart failure (KM estimates 29.7% vs. 27.5%, p_log-rank = 0.82) did not differ between patients undergoing PCI and those who were not. Conclusions: Patients undergoing TAVI with obstructive CAD more commonly had a single-vessel disease and an involvement of proximal coronary tracts. They were commonly treated with PCI, with similar outcomes compared to those treated conservatively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Coronary Artery Disease (CAD))

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11 pages, 1472 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Are Thiols Useful Biomarkers for Coronary Collateral Circulation in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease?

by Yasemin Doğan, Yücel Yilmaz, Saban Kelesoğlu, Bekir Calapkorur, Salim Neşelioglu, Özcan Erel and Nihat Kalay

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(19), 6361; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12196361 - 4 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1424

Abstract

Our aim was to investigate the relationship between thiol, which is the main component of the antioxidant system, and coronary collateral circulation (CCC). Our patients consisted of people with stable coronary artery disease (sCAD) and total occlusion in at least one vessel (n = 249). We divided the patients into two groups, good and poor, according to their CCC degree. We determined that DM, total thiol, and disulfide are independent predictors of poor CCC in multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR: 1.012, 95% CI: 1.008–1.017, p < 0.001; OR: 1.022, 95% CI: 1.000–1.044, p = 0.044; OR: 2.671, 95% CI: 1.238–5.761, p = 0.012, respectively). The ROC analysis showed a cut-off value of 328.7 for native thiol regarding the prediction of poor CCC, with 67.4% specificity and 78% sensitivity. For disulfide, it revealed a cut-off value of 15.1 regarding the prediction of poor CCC, with 57.9% specificity and 69.5% sensitivity. In this study, we detected that the patients with sCAD who developed poor CCC had lower levels of native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide compared to those with good CCC. The most interesting finding of our study is that CCC formation is an effective predictor of the antioxidant cascade rather than the inflammation cascade in sCAD patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Coronary Artery Disease (CAD))

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Review

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23 pages, 883 KiB

Open AccessReview

Contemporary Use of Drug-Coated Balloons for Coronary Angioplasty: A Comprehensive Review

by Nicola Verde, Giuseppe Ciliberti, Luca Pittorino, Marco Ferrone, Michele Franzese, Massimo Russo, Angelo Cioppa, Grigore Popusoi, Luigi Salemme, Tullio Tesorio and Giuseppe Di Gioia

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(20), 6243; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13206243 - 19 Oct 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3579

Abstract

The interventional treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) has undergone significant improvements thanks to technological innovations. Nowadays, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation is the standard of care for the treatment of CAD. Nevertheless, the non-negligible incidence of in-stent restenosis (ISR) and suboptimal results in various anatomical settings has led to the development of drug-coated balloons (DCBs). DCBs are catheter-based balloons whose surface is coated with an anti-proliferative drug (mainly Paclitaxel or Sirolimus) loaded onto the balloon surface with different technologies and dose concentrations. In the beginning, these devices were used for the treatment of ISR showing an excellent efficacy profile in the inhibition of intimal hyperplasia. Subsequently, several studies evaluated their use in other angiographical and clinical contexts such as de novo lesions, small vessel disease, diffuse coronary disease, bifurcation lesions, acute coronary syndromes, high-bleeding risk and diabetic patients. This comprehensive review aims to describe the main DCB platforms on the market, their fields of application with the main supporting studies and their future perspectives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Coronary Artery Disease (CAD))

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