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Diagnosis and Treatment of Kidney Stones
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Diagnosis and Treatment of Kidney Stones

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Nephrology & Urology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2025 | Viewed by 1476

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Takaaki Inoue

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Urology, Hara Genitourinary Hospital, 5-7-17 Kitanagasadori, Chuo-ku, Kobe City 650-0012, Japan
2. Department of Urology, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe City 650-0017, Japan
Interests: urinary stone; urology; kidney stones; laser lithotripsy; shockwave lithotripsy; ureteroscopy; endoscopic stone
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Current endoluminal technology has acutely improved owing to the advancement of the ureteroscope, laser equipment, ureteral access sheath, miniaturized devices, and robotics. All stone management approaches aim at an improved patient QOL. Therefore, we must develop strategies and outcomes with less invasiveness, fewer complications, and less recurrence. There are now a lot of available tools in our clinical practice and we must know and understand how to use them correctly. For this Special Issue, we would like you to share your minds and spread the importance and necessity of the specific endoluminal field as a sub-specialty.

Dr. Takaaki Inoue
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • kidney stones
  • ureteroscopy
  • percutaneous nephrolithotomy
  • novel endourological technology
  • endourological basic reserch
  • imaging study of kidney stones
  • management of complications

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2611 KiB  
Article
Low Serum and Urine Fetuin-A Levels and High Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index as Risk Factors for Kidney Stone Formation
by Mehmet Arif Icer, Tevfik Koçak, Yusuf Icer, Emine Kocyigit, Duygu Ağagündüz, Makbule Gezmen-Karadag, Suleyman Yesil and Ferenc Budán
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(5), 1487; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14051487 - 23 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 622
Abstract
Background: Fetuin-A prevents the precipitation of hydroxyapatite in supersaturated solutions of calcium and phosphate; however, its relationship with nephrolithiasis has yet to be clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective and predictive roles of serum and urine fetuin-A levels [...] Read more.
Background: Fetuin-A prevents the precipitation of hydroxyapatite in supersaturated solutions of calcium and phosphate; however, its relationship with nephrolithiasis has yet to be clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective and predictive roles of serum and urine fetuin-A levels in nephrolithiasis and their relationships with the composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI). Methods: This study involved 75 adult patients with kidney stone disease and 71 healthy adults without kidney stone disease in the control group. Participants had specific anthropometric measurements taken, and three-day food records were kept. The CDAI was calculated by summing six standard antioxidants, including vitamins A, C, and E, manganese, selenium, and zinc, representing participants’ antioxidant profile. In addition to some analyzed serum and urine parameters of the participants, fetuin-A levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results: In patients with kidney stones, both serum and urine fetuin-A levels (676.3 ± 160.14 ng/mL; 166.6 ± 128.13 ng/mL, respectively) were lower than in the control group (1455.6 ± 420.52 ng/mL; 2267.5 ± 1536.78 ng/mL, respectively) (p < 0.00001). In contrast, the CDAI was higher in patients with kidney stones compared to those without kidney stones (p < 0.001). Besides, several dietary parameters had significant positive correlations with serum and/or urinary fetuin-A. Conclusions: The present study suggests that serum and urinary fetuin-A levels may serve as protective factors against kidney stones and could potentially be used as predictive markers for the development of nephrolithiasis. Furthermore, our results suggest that the CDAI above a certain level may increase the risk of stone formation and that some dietary parameters may affect the levels of this biomarker in serum and urine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Treatment of Kidney Stones)
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Review

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13 pages, 905 KiB  
Review
Phytotherapy in Urolithiasis: An Updated Overview of Current Knowledge
by Wilbert F. Mutomba, Evangelos N. Symeonidis, Ioannis Mykoniatis, Lazaros Tzelves, Arman Tsaturyan, Patrick Juliebo-Jones, Theodoros Tokas and Petros Sountoulides
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(9), 2885; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14092885 - 22 Apr 2025
Viewed by 360
Abstract
Urolithiasis is one of the most burdensome urinary tract conditions with a prevalence ranging from 1% to 20%. Approximately half of the patients experience a recurrence, while 10% face multiple stone episodes. Long before the advent of surgical treatment options, herbal therapy, or [...] Read more.
Urolithiasis is one of the most burdensome urinary tract conditions with a prevalence ranging from 1% to 20%. Approximately half of the patients experience a recurrence, while 10% face multiple stone episodes. Long before the advent of surgical treatment options, herbal therapy, or phytotherapy, had been used for both the prevention and management of urolithiasis. Recently, interest in phytotherapy has been rekindled due to the limitations associated with modern urolithiasis treatment, the limited options for conventional medical therapy, and the added cost of interventions for stones. While research on phytotherapy is still limited, it is ongoing and is yielding promising results. In order to capture the current trend in phytotherapy for urolithiasis, we performed a narrative review from data collected and synthesized from electronic databases, with a specific focus on randomized human studies. Our analysis revealed that the use of various herbal medicines and phytotherapy, either as mixtures or as sole plant extracts, in urolithiasis is on the rise and is mainly utilized as complementary therapy to conventional treatment. Although most studies demonstrate the effectiveness of phytotherapy in reducing stone size and facilitating stone expulsion, several questions regarding specific dosages, mechanisms of action, drug interactions, treatment duration, and types of stones that respond to phytotherapy remain unanswered. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge surrounding the role of phytotherapy in urolithiasis and to determine its role as a primary or complementary treatment alongside traditional treatment options. Ultimately, further research is essential to clarify the abovementioned unresolved issues, overcome the existing challenges, and optimize the best possible phytotherapy strategies and timing for dissolving specific types of stones with these regimens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Treatment of Kidney Stones)
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