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JCM
Special Issues
Malignancies of the Genitourinary System: Current Update and Perspectives
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Malignancies of the Genitourinary System: Current Update and Perspectives

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Nephrology & Urology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 January 2024) | Viewed by 5555

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Minghao Zhong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Interests: genitourinary pathology; genomics; genetics; epigenetics molecular; genomic pathology pathology
Dr. Gang Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
BC Cancer Vancouver, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Interests: genitourinary pathology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Genitourinary malignancies are a heterogeneous group of diseases linked by anatomical and physiological function, but are different in almost every aspect of pathophysiology, molecular biology, prognosis and treatment. This Special Issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine presents the up-to-date summaries related to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and management of the most common malignancies of genitourinary origin: kidney, prostate, bladder/urothelium and testicle. Effective treatment of these malignancies most often involves a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Hence, we treat this Special Issue as multidisciplinary and aim to target a broad audience, including oncologists, urologists, pathologists and translational researchers. We welcome prospective, retrospective, and review studies and interesting case reports which address tumor pathogenesis, diagnostic challenges, advances in therapeutics, prognostic and predictive biomarkers, and treatment complications.

We look forward to you sharing your recent experiences in these areas with us. We are convinced that the planned Special Issue of JCM will meet the expectations of our readers, who provide the health care for this group of patients. We hope our work will positively impact the development of effective strategies for improving the quality of life of patients with genitourinary malignancies.

Dr. Minghao Zhong
Dr. Gang Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • prostate cancer
  • urothelial carcinoma
  • renal cell carcinoma
  • germ cell tumor
  • biomarkers
  • diagnostics
  • therapy

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 4160 KiB  
Article
Potential Role of VHL, PTEN, and BAP1 Mutations in Renal Tumors
by Krisztián Szegedi, Zsuzsanna Szabó, Judit Kállai, József Király, Erzsébet Szabó, Zsuzsanna Bereczky, Éva Juhász, Balázs Dezső, Csaba Szász, Barbara Zsebik, Tibor Flaskó and Gábor Halmos
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(13), 4538; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134538 - 7 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1346
Abstract
The genetic profiling of renal tumors has revealed genomic regions commonly affected by structural changes and a general genetic heterogeneity. The VHL, PTEN, and BAP1 genes are often mutated in renal tumors. The frequency and clinical relevance of these mutations in renal tumors [...] Read more.
The genetic profiling of renal tumors has revealed genomic regions commonly affected by structural changes and a general genetic heterogeneity. The VHL, PTEN, and BAP1 genes are often mutated in renal tumors. The frequency and clinical relevance of these mutations in renal tumors are still being researched. In our study, we investigated VHL, PTEN, and BAP1 genes and the sequencing of 24 samples of patients with renal tumors, revealing that VHL was mutated at a noticeable frequency (25%). Six of the investigated samples showed mutations, and one genetic polymorphism (rs779805) was detected in both heterozygote and homozygote forms. PTEN gene mutation was observed in only one sample, and one specimen showed genetic polymorphism. In the case of the BAP1 gene, all of the samples were wild types. Interestingly, VHL mutation was detected in two female patients diagnosed with AML and in one with oncocytoma. We assume that VHL or PTEN mutations may contribute to the development of human renal cancer. However, the overall mutation rate was low in all specimens investigated, and the development and prognosis of the disease were not exclusively associated with these types of genetic alterations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Malignancies of the Genitourinary System: Current Update and Perspectives)
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11 pages, 575 KiB  
Article
The Impact of the Initial Clinical Presentation of Bladder Cancer on Histopathological and Morphological Tumor Characteristics
by Dora Jakus, Ivana Šolić, Ivan Jurić, Josip A. Borovac and Marijan Šitum
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(13), 4259; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134259 - 25 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1310
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of the initial clinical presentation of bladder cancer on tumor characteristics. A cross-sectional, retrospective study was performed, and it involved 515 patients who underwent transurethral bladder cancer resection at the University Hospital Center Split between April 2019 and [...] Read more.
This study investigated the impact of the initial clinical presentation of bladder cancer on tumor characteristics. A cross-sectional, retrospective study was performed, and it involved 515 patients who underwent transurethral bladder cancer resection at the University Hospital Center Split between April 2019 and April 2023, excluding recurrent cases. The association between symptomatic versus asymptomatic presentation and bladder cancer characteristics was analyzed. A subgroup analysis compared tumor characteristics between patients with gross and microscopic hematuria. Multiple regression analyses revealed a significant association between symptomatic presentation and the detection of high-grade bladder cancer (OR 3.43, 95% CI 2.22–5.29, p < 0.001), concomitant CIS (OR 3.41, 95% CI 1.31–8.88, p = 0.012), T2 stage bladder cancer (OR 5.79, 95% CI 2.45–13.71, p < 0.001), a higher number of tumors (IRR 1.24, 95% CI 1.07–1.45, p = 0.005), and larger tumor size (B 1.68, 95% CI 1.19–2.18, p < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, gross hematuria was associated with the detection of high-grade bladder cancer (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.12–3.84, p = 0.020), T2 stage bladder cancer (OR 6.03, 95% CI 1.42–25.49, p = 0.015), and larger tumor size (B 1.8, 95% CI 0.99–2.6, p < 0.001). The identified associations between symptomatic presentation and unfavorable bladder cancer characteristics, likely attributed to early detection in asymptomatic cases, underscore the importance of additional research in the development of bladder cancer screening strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Malignancies of the Genitourinary System: Current Update and Perspectives)
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Review

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21 pages, 1690 KiB  
Review
Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Renal Cell Carcinoma
by Spencer D. Martin, Ishmam Bhuiyan, Maryam Soleimani and Gang Wang
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(15), 4987; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12154987 - 28 Jul 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1483
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized renal cell carcinoma treatment. Patients previously thought to be palliative now occasionally achieve complete cures from ICI. However, since immunotherapies stimulate the immune system to induce anti-tumor immunity, they often lead to adverse autoimmunity. Furthermore, some [...] Read more.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized renal cell carcinoma treatment. Patients previously thought to be palliative now occasionally achieve complete cures from ICI. However, since immunotherapies stimulate the immune system to induce anti-tumor immunity, they often lead to adverse autoimmunity. Furthermore, some patients receive no benefit from ICI, thereby unnecessarily risking adverse events. In many tumor types, PD-L1 expression levels, immune infiltration, and tumor mutation burden predict the response to ICI and help inform clinical decision making to better target ICI to patients most likely to experience benefits. Unfortunately, renal cell carcinoma is an outlier, as these biomarkers fail to discriminate between positive and negative responses to ICI therapy. Emerging biomarkers such as gene expression profiles and the loss of pro-angiogenic proteins VHL and PBRM-1 show promise for identifying renal cell carcinoma cases likely to respond to ICI. This review provides an overview of the mechanistic underpinnings of different biomarkers and describes the theoretical rationale for their use. We discuss the effectiveness of each biomarker in renal cell carcinoma and other cancer types, and we introduce novel biomarkers that have demonstrated some promise in clinical trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Malignancies of the Genitourinary System: Current Update and Perspectives)
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Other

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18 pages, 1290 KiB  
Systematic Review
Testicular Metastasis from Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review
by Anna Pliszka, Sebastian Rajda, Agata Wawrzyniak, Jerzy Walocha, Michał Polguj, Grzegorz Wysiadecki, Edward Clarke, Michał Golberg, Michał Zarzecki and Krzysztof Balawender
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(17), 5636; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12175636 - 29 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1009
Abstract
Approximately one-third of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is recognized in its metastatic stage. This systematic review aimed to summarize knowledge on the occurrence and treatment of testicular RCC metastasis. The literature search was performed by two authors independently, with the use of main [...] Read more.
Approximately one-third of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is recognized in its metastatic stage. This systematic review aimed to summarize knowledge on the occurrence and treatment of testicular RCC metastasis. The literature search was performed by two authors independently, with the use of main electronic medical databases (Science Direct, Web of Science, and PubMed) until March 2023 to identify relevant articles that could potentially contribute to this review. Neither language nor publication dates were set as limits. Although we found a total of 51 case reports, only 31 of them contained all the required information. Testicular metastasis in patients with RCC suggests a late stage of the disease. Moreover, it usually does not present typical systemic or specific symptoms except for swelling and enlargement of the affected testis. Knowledge of the possibility of such variants of RCC metastases will allow a clinician to make an appropriate diagnosis and implement adequate treatment without delay, which is crucial in the management of neoplastic disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Malignancies of the Genitourinary System: Current Update and Perspectives)
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